1、Designation: F1947 10Standard Practice forInstallation of Folded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe intoExisting Sewers and Conduits1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabili-tation of sewer lines and conduits (4 to 1
3、5 in. diameter) by theinsertion of a folded PVC pipe, which is heated, pressurized,and expanded against the interior surface of an existing pipewith either a mechanical rounding device or steam pressure.The finished PVC pipe will be continuous and conform to theexisting conduit. This rehabilitation
4、process can be used in avariety of nonpressure applications, such as: sanitary sewers,storm sewers, and process piping.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information on
5、lyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limita
6、tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Compo
7、unds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) CompoundsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure AirF1504 Speci
8、fication for Folded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pipe for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation2.2 NASSCO Standard:Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection SystemRehabilitation33. Terminology3.1 Definitions Terminology used in this practice is inconformance with Terminology F412 and abbrevia
9、tions used inthis practice are in accordance with Terminology D1600,unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 containment tube, nan optional elastomeric materialplaced between the folded pipe and the existing pipe to protectthe folded pipe during insertion,
10、for containment of steamduring the installation process, and to provide a waterproofbarrier against infiltration, inflow, and standing water. This tuberemains within the pipe but provides no structural support.3.2.2 dimples (dimpling), nWhere a side connection meetsthe existing pipe, there is not ex
11、isting pipe support for the PVCpipe during expansion causing a point of thermoplastic pipeexpansion slightly beyond the existing pipe wall. This forma-tion of an external departure from the formed pipe wall istermed dimpling.3.2.3 folded pipe, nPVC pipe that has been manufacturedin a folded shape fo
12、r use in existing pipeline rehabilitation (seeFig. 1).3.2.4 formed pipe, nfolded pipe that has been inserted intoan existing sewer or conduit and expanded with heat, pressure,and, if applicable, a rounding device to conform to and take theshape of the existing pipe (see Fig. 1).3.2.5 insertion point
13、, nan existing manhole, existing ac-cess shaft, or an excavated pit that serves as the point ofentrance for the folded pipe into the existing pipe.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 onTrenchl
14、ess Plastic Pipeline Technology.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F1947 04. DOI:10.1520/F1947-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service a
15、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.311521 Cronridge Drive, Suite J Owings Mills, MD 21117. www.nassco.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International
16、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.6 rounded field sample, na rounded field sample isformed when the folded pipe has been inserted into a mold pipeand expanded with heat and pressure to conform to the moldpipe.3.2.7 rounding device, na flexible,
17、 bullet-shaped device,which may be used to unfold and expand the folded pipe tightlyagainst the wall of the existing pipe.3.2.8 termination point, nan existing manhole, existingaccess shaft, or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exitof the folded pipe from the existing pipe.4. Significance
18、 and Use4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers,regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations whoare involved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers andconduits.5. Materials5.1 The folded poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe shall be inaccordance with Specification F15
19、04.5.2 The folded pipe shall be spooled in a continuous lengthfor storage and shipping to the job site. Handling and storingshall be in accordance with the manufacturers publishedrecommendations.5.3 The optional containment tube should be an elastomericmaterial capable of containing the steam requir
20、ed to processthe folded pipe and serve as a protective waterproofing barrier.The containment tube shall be compatible with the PVCcompound, the folded pipe installation process, and the exist-ing pipe so as not to effect the properties of the finished pipe.6. Installation Recommendations6.1 Cleaning
21、 and Inspection:6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, andperforming inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation ofthe atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammablevapors or lack of oxygen must be undertaken in accordancewith local, state, or federal safety regulati
22、ons.6.1.2 Cleaning of PipelineInternal debris shall be re-moved from the existing pipeline. The pipeline should becleaned with hydraulically-powered equipment, high-velocityjet cleaners, or mechanically-powered equipment in accor-dance with NASSCO Recommended Specifications for SewerCollection Syste
23、m Rehabilitation.6.1.3 Inspection of PipelinesInspection of pipelines shallbe performed by experienced personnel trained in locatingbreaks, obstacles, and service connections by closed circuittelevision. The interior of the pipeline shall be inspectedcarefully to determine the location of any condit
24、ions that mayprevent proper installation of the folded pipe, such as protrud-ing service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, out-of-roundness,significant line sags, and deflected joints. These conditionsshould be noted and corrected prior to installation.6.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe existing pipeline sha
25、ll beclear of obstructions that will prevent the proper insertion andfull expansion of the folded pipe such as offset joints of morethan 12.5 % of inside pipe diameter, service connections thatprotrude into the pipe more than 12.5 % of the inside pipediameter or 1 in. (25 mm), whichever is less; and
26、, otherreductions in cross-sectional area of more than 16 % based onthe inside diameter of the existing pipe. If inspection reveals anobstruction that cannot be removed by conventionalequipment, then a point repair excavation shall be made touncover and remove or repair the obstruction. Typically, b
27、endsalong the pipe length in excess of 30 and changes in pipe sizecannot be accommodated along an insertion length of thefolded pipe. Such conditions require access at these points fortermination and start of a new insertion.NOTE 1Some processes may accommodate larger obstructions. Con-sult the prod
28、uct manufacturer for applications which exceed these typicallimitations.6.2 BypassingIf flow can not be interrupted for the nec-essary duration, bypassing of the flow is required around thesections of the existing pipe designated for rehabilitation. Thebypass should be made by plugging the line at a
29、 point upstreamof the pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow to adownstream point or adjacent system. The pump and bypasslines shall be of adequate capacity and size to handle anyextreme flows expected during the installation period. Serviceswithin the rehabilitation area will be out of servi
30、ce temporarily.NOTE 2Public advisory services will be required to notify all partieswhose service laterals will be out of commission and to advise againstwater usage until the mainline is back in service.6.3 Insertion:6.3.1 The spool of folded shall be positioned near theinsertion point and containe
31、d in a heating chamber. Atemperature, as recommended by the manufacturer, shall bemaintained in the heating chamber for a minimum of1htofully heat the length of folded pipe to be inserted. Shorterinsertion lengths may be fully heated over a shorter time periodas recommended by the manufacturer.6.3.2
32、 A containment tube then may be pulled through theexisting conduit, secured at both ends, and inflated with air atlow pressure.NOTE 3The containment tube allows for thorough and even heating ofthe folded pipe by providing a barrier between the folded pipe andinfiltration or standing water in the exi
33、sting pipeline.6.3.3 A cable shall be strung through the existing conduit(and containment tube, if applicable) and attached to the foldedNOTE 1This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specificto this practice and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other foldedpipe shapes may me
34、et the requirements of this practice.FIG. 1 Folded Pipe and Formed Pipe, Clarification of TermsF1947 102pipe. The folded pipe shall be heated along the entire lengthand pulled, with a power winch unit and the cable, directlyfrom the spool, through the insertion point, through thecontainment tube (if
35、 utilized), and within the existing pipe intothe terminating manhole. A dynamometer shall be provided onthe winch or cable to monitor the pulling force. Pulling forcesshall be monitored so as not to exceed the axial strain limits ofthe folded pipe material as recommended by the manufacturer.6.3.4 Af
36、ter insertion is complete, the winch cable shall besecured at the termination end, and the folded pipe shall be cutoff at the insertion point and secured.6.4 Expansion:6.4.1 To check that adequate temperatures are beingachieved prior to expansion, suitable monitors to gage tem-perature shall be plac
37、ed at the insertion and termination ends.6.4.2 Through the use of heat and pressure or heat, pressure,and a rounding device, the folded pipe shall be expanded fully.Expansion pressures shall be sufficient to unfold the PVC pipe,press it against the wall of the existing conduit, and formdimples at se
38、rvice connections.NOTE 4Folded pipe expansion pressures typically are in the range of8 to 10 psi (55 to 69 kPa) but may vary based on field conditions.6.4.3 If a rounding device is used, it should be propelled ata controlled rate within the folded pipe expanding the foldedpipe in a sequential manner
39、. The rounding device shall beflexible and inflated with continual pressure so that is pressur-izes the formed pipe against the existing pipe wall whilepushing water ahead of the expansion process. The expansionrate (or rounding device speed) shall not exceed 5 ft/s (1.52m/s).6.4.4 Once the rounding
40、 device has reached the terminationpoint, the expansion pressure shall be maintained for a mini-mum period of 2 min to ensure the complete expansion of thepipe at local deformities and to allow for complete dimpling atside connections.6.5 Cool DownThe formed pipe shall be cooled to atemperature belo
41、w 100F (38C) before relieving the pressurerequired to hold the PVC pipe against the existing pipe wall.NOTE 5Shrinkage of the formed pipe during cool-down typically isminimal due to the friction provided where the formed pipe conforms toexisting pipeline irregularities, such as offset joints.6.6 Aft
42、er the formed pipe has cooled down, the terminatingends shall be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm) beyondthe existing pipe as allowance for possible shrinkage duringcooling to ground temperature.6.7 Service ConnectionsAfter the formed pipe has beeninstalled, and leakage tested, if applicable,
43、the existing activeservice connections shall be reconnected. This should be donewithout excavation from the interior of the pipeline by meansof a television camera and a remote control cutting deviceunless otherwise specified by the owner.NOTE 6In many cases, a good seal is provided where the formed
44、 pipedimples at service connections; however, this practice should not beconstrued to provide a 100 % watertight seal at all service connections. Iftotal elimination of infiltration and inflow is desired, other means, whichare beyond the scope of this practice, may be necessary to seal serviceconnec
45、tions and to rehabilitate service lines and manholes.7. Inspection and Acceptance7.1 The installation may be inspected by closed-circuittelevision. The formed pipe shall be continuous over the entirelength of the insertion and conform to the walls of the existingpipe evidenced by visible joint defin
46、ition and mirroring ofexisting pipe irregularities. Variations from true line and grademay be inherent because of the conditions of the existingpipeline. No infiltration of groundwater through the formedpipe wall should be observed. All service entrances should beaccounted for and be unobstructed.7.
47、2 Leakage TestingIf required by the owner or designatedin the contract documents or purchase order, or a combinationthereof, gravity pipes shall be tested for leakage. This test shalltake place after the formed pipe has cooled down to ambienttemperature. This test is limited to pipe lengths with no
48、servicelaterals or lines with service laterals, which have not yet beenreinstated. One of the following two methods shall be used.7.2.1 An exfiltration test method involves plugging theformed pipe at both ends and filling it with water. Theallowable water exfiltration for any length of pipe betweent
49、ermination points should not exceed 50 U.S. gal/in. of internalpipe diameter/mile/day, providing that all air has been bledfrom the line. The leakage quantity shall be gaged by the waterlevel in a temporary standpipe placed in the upstream plug.During exfiltration testing, the maximum internal pipe pressureat the lowest end shall not exceed 10 ft (3.0 m) of water of 4.3psi (29.7 kPa) and the water level inside of the standpipe shallbe 2 ft (0.6 m) higher than the top of the pipe or 2 ft (0.6 m)higher than the groundwater level, whichever is greater. Thete
