1、 STD-AECMA PREN 4050-1-ENGL 177b H L0123L3 0032077 559 Edition approved for publication 1 996-0 1 -3 1 AECMA STANDARD NORME AECMA AECMA NORM Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to AECMA Gulledelle 94 6-1 200 BRUXELLES prEN 4050-1 Edition P 1 January 1996 PUBLISHED
2、 BY THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES (AECMA) Gulledelle 94 - B-1200 BRUXELLES - Tel. (32) 2 775 81 10 - Fax. (32) 2 775 81 11 ICs Descriptors : ENGLISH VERSION Aerospace series Test method for metallic materials Ultrasonic inspection of bars, plates, forging stock and forgings Part 1
3、 : General requirements Srie arospatiale Luft- und Raumfahrt Mthode dessai applicable Prfverfahren fr aux matriaux mtalliques metallische Werkstoffe Contrle par ultrasons de barres, plaques, demi-produit pour forgeage et pices forges Partie 1 : Exigences gnrales Ultraschallprfung von Stangen, Platte
4、n, Schmiedevormaterial und Schmiedestcken Teil 1 : Allgemeine Anforderungen This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of AECMA (The European Association of Aerospace Industries). It is published on green paper for the needs of AECMA-Members. It has been technical
5、ly approved by the experts of the concerned Technical Committee following comment by the Member countries. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identifica
6、tion of the standard. After examnation and signature of the AECMA Standard Checking Centre (NPS) and formal agreement of the Official Services of the Member countries it will be submitted as a draft European Standard to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote. Nota - Extra copie
7、s can be supplied by B.N.A.E. - Technopolis 54 - 199, rue Jean-Jacaues Rousseau - 921 38 ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX CEDEX C5 Chairman Mr Odorico I I aecma 1996 Page 2 prEN 4050-1 : 1996 Contents list Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Scope 3 Normative references . 3 3 Method Definitions 4 Standard test block
8、s 8 . 9 Test equipment Preparation of items for testing . 9 Beam angle 9 Scanning modes 9 Acceptance criteria 1 O Qualification and approval of personnel 1 O 10 Inspection and test report . STDmAECMA PREN 4050-1-ENGL 179b = LOL231L 0012081 107 Page 3 prEN 4050-1 : 1996 1 Scope This standard defines
9、the ultrasonic inspection procedure for rolled, drawn, extruded and forged billets, bars and plates, rolled rings and forgings with a uniform square, rectangular or round cross section. It does not cover critical rotating parts in steel, titanium, titanium alloys, aluminium alloys and heat resisting
10、 alloys that are to be inspected in accordance with the technical supply conditions of the relevant EN standards or internal specifications. For products with geometries other than those described above, the test conditions and acceptance criteria shall be agreed between the manufacturer and purchas
11、er. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or rev
12、isions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 2000 EN 2078 EN 4050-2 EN 4050-3 EN 4050-4 EN 4179 Aerospace series - Quality assurance - EN
13、 aerospace products - Approval of the quality system of manufacturers Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Manufacturing schedule - Inspection schedule - Inspection and test report - Description and rules for use Aerospace series - Test method for metallic materials - Ultrasonic inspection of bar
14、s, plates, forging stock and forgings - Part 2 : Performance of test 1) Aerospace series - Test method for metallic materials - Ultrasonic inspection of bars, plates, forging stock and forgings - Part 3 : Reference blocks 1) Aerospace series - Test method for metallic materials - Ultrasonic inspecti
15、on of bars, plates, forging stock and forgings - Part 4 : Acceptance criteria 1) Aerospace series - Qualification and approval of personnel for non-destructive testing 1) 3 Method The inspection shall be made in accordance with the contact or immersion method depending on the requirements of the mat
16、erial standard. Echo indications are classified by comparison with the indications of flat bottom holes (FBH) of specific diameter, drilled in test blocks that shall be acoustically similar to the material to be tested or have suitable correction curves to ensure equivalency, or in accordance with t
17、he DGS (Distance Gain Size) method. The method to be applied in each case shall be documented in the form of an ultrasonic technique sheet which if agreed with the purchaser shall be referenced on the order or in an inspection schedule in accordance with EN 2078. 1) Published as AECMA Prestandard at
18、 the date of publication of this standard - Page 4 prEN 4050-1 : 1996 The following information shall be given : - testing location ; - material ; - surface and machined condition (round, square, surface ground, turned, peeled, burnished, etc.) ; - equipment including transducers ; - calibration sta
19、ndards ; - couplant ; - setting up procedure ; - inspection procedure ; - attenuation ; - methods used for distance amplitude correction (DAC) ; - scan plan ; - method of recording results ; - defect evaluation procedure ; - scan pitch ; - scan speed ; - scan overlap ; - inspection classification ;
20、- control checks ; - traceability ; - inspection limitations ; - any other relevant data. 4 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply : 4.1 Manufacturer See EN 2000. 4.2 Purchaser Body which purchases the products from a manufacturer or a stockist in accordance w
21、ith the requirements of the user. NOTE : The purchaser may also be the user. 4.3 User See EN 2000. 4.4 Attenuation Reduction of the sound energy by absorption and scattering. 4.5 Multiple discontinuities Indications whose spacing to one another is below the specified limits. 4.6 Linear discontinuity
22、 Indication with a half-value length 2 3 times the length of the indications from a reference reflector of maximum permissible size. STD-AECMA PREN 4050-1-ENGL 177b 1012311 0012A3 TAT Page 5 prEN 4050-1 : 1996 4.7 Size of discontinuity Diameter of the circular reflector which produces an echo height
23、 equal to the echo height of the discontinuity to be evaluated at the same depth. 4.8 Distance amplitude correction (DAC) Electronic change of amplification to provide equal amplitude heights from reflectors of equal area at different depths. 4.9 Distance/amplitude curve correction Compensation for
24、attenuation and coupling differences between the material to be tested and the standard test blocks is only possible if the material to be tested has parallel surfaces or if surfaces can be partly machined. Those surfaces shall be parallel within 0,05 mm. 4.1 O A graphical plot of the echo amplitude
25、 of targets drilled at different depths in specified test blocks at a predetermined water gap (immersion technique) or using a specific coupling medium (contact technique). Distance/amplitude curve in metal NOTE : The shape of the distance/amplitude curve in metal is mainly affected by : - the struc
26、ture of the test block, which will influence the sound transmission characteristics; - the transducer characteristics; - the geometry and size of the targets. 4.1 I The water distance/amplitude curve immersion technique) A graphical plot of the amplitude of the echo reflected from a 2,5 mm diameter
27、steel ball against distance from the probe face. 4.12 Distance amplitude curves permitting prediction of reflector site compared to response from FBH and back surface reflection. An example of a DGS diagram for a certain product is given in EN 4050-2. Distance Gain Size (DGS) diagram 4.13 Effective
28、probe diameter The effective probe diameter will always be less than its actual dimension. It is calculated from the following basic formula : Where 1 d is the effective probe diameter in millimetres C N f is the velocity of sound in water, in millimetres per second is near field length measured, in
29、 millimetres is the measured frequency, in hertz 4.14 Near field Region of the ultrasonic beam extending from the transducer up to “N“ or “Nh“ point (see 4.21) in which the ultrasonic beam is subject to variation of intensity due to interference effects. STD-AECMA PREN Y050-L-ENGL 177b 10L2311 00L20
30、8 71b D Page 6 prEN 4050-1 : 1996 4.1 5 Far field Region of the ultrasonic beam from “N“ or “Nh“ point (see 4.21) onwards in which reflectors give uniform decrease of amplitude with increasing distance. 4.16 Horizontal linearity The ability of the ultrasonic testing system to respond in a linear man
31、ner to reflectors at different depths in a uniform transmission medium. 4.17 Vertical linearity The ability of the ultrasonic testing system to respond with indications whose amplitudes are proportional to a range of areas of reflectors at the same depth in a uniform transmission medium. 4.18 Distan
32、ce/amplitude method Method of direct evaluation of indications from the test item by comparing the signal height with a reference reflector in a similar material at the same metal path length. 4.19 Half-value method Method of evaluating the reflector size when the defect size is smaller than the eff
33、ective test beam diameter in which the transducer is moved away from the point of maximum reflection in two rectangular axes until the echo height reduces to half of its maximum. 4.20 Standard test block method Indirect method of evaluating indications from the test item by comparing the indications
34、 with known reflectors on the applicable standard test block. 4.21 “N“ and Nh“ points The position “N“ and “Nh“ points correspond to the final maximum on the relevant curve. The “N“ point is derived from the water distance/amplitude curve. The “Nh“ point is derived from the distance/amplitude curve
35、in metal. 4.22 Noise indications (grass) A large number of other than discrete signals at the baseline of the oscilloscope which can be caused by : - material structure ; - surface roughness ; - electrical interference, etc. 4.23 Resolution The ability to give separate indications from discontinuiti
36、es having nearly the same range and lateral position. 4.24 Dead zone (top surface resolution) The minimum distance between the echo obtained from a FBH of the accepted diameter and depth and the intersection of top surface echo and the echo of the FBH when this difference in amplitude is 12 dB or mo
37、re. STD.AECMA PREN 4050-L-ENGL 177b LOLZ3LL DOL2085 852 Page 7 prEN 4050-1 : 1996 4.25 Back surface resolution The minimum distance between the echo obtained from a FBH of accepted diameter and the intersection of back surface echo and the echo of the FBH when this difference is 12 dB or more. 4.26
38、Flaw recognition level Any predetermined echo height, which if attained or exceeded, causes the indications to be registered 4.27 Reference reflector Reflector of known shape, size and position, whose reflection characteristics serve as a reference standard for unknown reflectors (bearing in mind ac
39、oustical laws). 4.28 Scanning path Systematic relative movement of the transducer along the surface of the test item. 4.29 Scanning pitchlindex The scanning pitch is the linear distance between adjacent scans. The scanning index is equal to the scanning speed divided by the pulse repetition frequenc
40、y. The index and pitch distance depend on the effective beam width of the transducer and detectable defect size. 4.30 Expressed in terms of the backwall echo from a 25 mm thick reference plate representing the alloy to be investigated, or preferably using a reference standard test block. Reference s
41、ensitivity for the DGS method 4.31 Derived by taking into account the probe and flaw detector characteristics with respect to a reference reflector. Basic reference sensitivity for the FBH method 4.32 Working sensitivity The sum of the loss due to material attenuation to the reference sensitivity, d
42、uring the calibration. 4.33 Signal-to-noise ratio The ratio of the amplitude of an ultrasonic indication to the amplitude of the maximum background noise signal (grass), at the same depth. 4.34 Sound transmission characteristics The major characteristics affecting the transmission of the sound beam
43、in the part to be tested are : - attenuation ; - noise level ; - sound velocity. The characteristics are strongly influenced by the material surface condition, and the material structure, particularly the grain size, grain morphology, phase distribution, homogeneity and grain flow. STD-AECMA PREN qO
44、SO-L-ENGL L77b LOL23LL OOL20b 777 Page 8 prEN 4050-1 : 1996 4.35 Test beam diameter The test beam diameter will normally correspond to the minimum diameter of the - 6 dB boundary of the ultrasonic beam measured at the “Nh“ point, or to an alternative local procedure (see figure 1). The test beam dia
45、meter shall be determined in a relevant manner, e.g. from a drilled hole in a material that represents the item under test where the hole depth corresponds to a specific point on the distance amplitude curve and the diameter of the hole correlated to the required Quality Assurance Standard. 4.36 Bea
46、m angle Acoustic beam the incidence angle of which is greater than zero. 4.37 Working range Part of the actual distance/amplitude curve where there is adequate flaw detectability. 4.38 Water gap Distance from a probe face to the surface of the part under examination. 4.39 Wave modes Longitudinal wav
47、e : Those waves in which the particle motion within the product is essentially in the same direction as the wave propagation. Shear wave : Wave motion in which the particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Surface wave : Wave motion on the free surface of the product, without
48、 essential penetration in the product. Lamb wave : Tension, or flexural waves in plates, where thicknesses are not large in comparison with the wave length. Their propagation speed is not only dependent on the material, but also on the product of thickness and frequency. 5 Standard test blocks The n
49、ecessary standard test blocks, their method of manufacture and their use shall be prescribed in accordance with the procedure to be used. The application of the standard test blocks provided with side-drilled holes shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. All standard test blocks used shall be checked and marked, as appropriate, referred to a master and if necessary, provided with a correction factor. 5.1 General Test blocks shall conform to EN 4050-3. For purposes of echo-height comparison, standard test blocks shall be used that have circul
