1、30.1CHAPTER 30THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANTSHIS chapter presents data for thermodynamic and transportTproperties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional user.The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property chart on pressure-enthalpy coordinates with an abbreviated set of tabular data
2、for sat-urated liquid and vapor on the facing page. In addition, tabular datain the superheated vapor region are given for R-134a to assist stu-dents working on compression cycle examples.For each cryogenic fluid, a second table of properties is pro-vided for vapor at a pressure of one standard atmo
3、sphere; these dataare needed when such gases are used in heat transfer or purge gasapplications. For zeotropic blends, including R-729 (air), tables areincremented in pressure, with properties given for liquid on thebubble line and vapor on the dew line. This arrangement is usedbecause pressure is m
4、ore commonly measured in the field whileservicing equipment; it also highlights the difference between bub-ble and dew-point temperatures (the “temperature glide” experi-enced with blends).Most CFC refrigerants have been deleted. Tables for R-11, R-13,R-113, R-114, R-141b, R-142b, R-500, R-502, R-50
5、3, and R-720(neon) may be found in the 1997 ASHRAE HandbookFundamen-tals. R-12 has been retained to assist in making comparisons. Hy-drogen and parahydrogen (R0702 and R-702p) have been deletedfrom this edition; these may be found in the 2009 ASHRAE Hand-bookFundamentals. New tables and diagrams for
6、 R-1234yf andR-1234ze(E) have been added. The formulations conform to inter-national standards, where applicable: thermodynamic properties ofR-12, R-22, R-32, R-123, R-125, R-134a, R-143a, R-152a, R-717(ammonia), and R-744 (carbon dioxide) and refrigerant blendsR-404A, R-407C, R-410A, and R-507 conf
7、orm to ISO Standard17584, Refrigerant Properties.Reference states used for most refrigerants correspond to theinternational convention of 200 kJ/kg for enthalpy and 1 kJ/(kgK)for entropy, both for saturated liquid at 0C. Exceptions are waterand fluids with very low critical temperatures (e.g., ethyl
8、ene, cryo-gens).These data are intended to help engineers make preliminarycomparisons among unfamiliar fluids. For greater detail and a widerrange of data, see the sources in the References.Refrigerant Page Refrigerant PageHalocarbon Refrigerants Inorganic RefrigerantsMethane Series R-717 (ammonia)
9、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.38R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 R-718 (water/steam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.40R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 R-744 (
10、carbon dioxide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.42R-23 (trifluoromethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6R-32 (difluoromethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 Hydrocarbon RefrigerantsEthane Series R-50 (methane) . . . . . . . . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.44R-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . 30.10 R-170 (ethane). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.46R-124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . 30.12 R-290 (propane) . . . . .
12、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.48R-125 (pentafluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.14 R-600 (n-butane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.50R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.16 R-600a
13、 (isobutane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.52R-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.20 R-1150 (ethylene) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.54R-152a (1,1-difluoroethane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . 30.22 R-1270 (propylene) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.56Propane SeriesR-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane). . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.24 Cryogenic FluidsPropylene Series R-704 (helium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.58R-1
15、234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene) . . . . . . . . . . . 30.26 R-728 (nitrogen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.60R-1234ze(E) (trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene). . . . . . . 30.28 R-729 (air). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
16、0.62Zeotropic Blends (% by mass) R-732 (oxygen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.64R-404A R-125/143a/134a (44/52/4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.30 R-740 (argon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.66R-407C R-32/125/134a (23/25/52)
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.32R-410A R-32/125 (50/50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.34 Absorption SolutionsAzeotropic Blends Ammonia/Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.68R-507A R-125/143a (50/50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.36
18、 Water/Lithium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.70The preparation of this chapter is assigned to TC 3.1, Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants.30.2 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)Fig.1Pressure-EnthalpyDiagram for Refrigerant 12PressureThermophysical Properties of Refr
19、igerants 30.3Refrigerant 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated VaporTemp.,*CPres-sure, MPaDensity,kg/m3LiquidVolume,m3/kgVaporEnthalpy,kJ/kgEntropy,kJ/(kgK)Specific Heat cp, kJ/(kgK)cp/cvVaporVelocity of Sound, m/sViscosity,PasThermal Cond.,mW/(mK)Surface Tension,
20、mN/mTemp.,* CLiquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor100 0.00119 1679.1 10.0040 113.32 306.09 0.6077 1.7210 0.819 0.449 1.182 1035 118.5 1005.0 6.78 116.7 4.27 26.48 10090 0.00286 1652.8 4.3948 121.53 310.59 0.6538 1.6861 0.824 0.465 1.176 990 121.4 819.0 7.18 11
21、2.0 4.67 24.90 9080 0.00619 1626.3 2.1355 129.81 315.19 0.6978 1.6576 0.831 0.481 1.172 945 124.1 684.9 7.58 107.4 5.08 23.35 8070 0.01228 1599.5 1.1286 138.17 319.87 0.7400 1.6344 0.840 0.497 1.168 902 126.7 584.0 7.97 103.0 5.50 21.81 7060 0.02261 1572.3 0.63992 146.62 324.61 0.7806 1.6156 0.850 0
22、.513 1.166 859 129.1 505.1 8.37 98.8 5.93 20.30 6050 0.03911 1544.7 0.38494 155.18 329.39 0.8197 1.6004 0.861 0.530 1.165 816 131.2 441.8 8.76 94.7 6.38 18.81 5040 0.06409 1516.5 0.24342 163.86 334.18 0.8577 1.5882 0.873 0.548 1.166 775 133.0 389.8 9.16 90.7 6.84 17.35 4030 0.10026 1487.7 0.16057 17
23、2.67 338.94 0.8946 1.5784 0.886 0.566 1.169 733 134.5 346.2 9.55 86.9 7.32 15.91 3029.75b0.10133 1487.0 0.15900 172.89 339.06 0.8955 1.5782 0.887 0.567 1.169 732 134.5 345.2 9.56 86.8 7.33 15.88 29.7528 0.10910 1481.9 0.14841 174.44 339.89 0.9019 1.5767 0.889 0.570 1.170 725 134.7 338.3 9.63 86.1 7.
24、41 15.63 2826 0.11854 1476.0 0.13736 176.23 340.83 0.9091 1.5751 0.892 0.574 1.171 717 135.0 330.6 9.71 85.3 7.51 15.35 2624 0.12860 1470.1 0.12731 178.02 341.78 0.9163 1.5735 0.895 0.578 1.171 709 135.2 323.2 9.79 84.6 7.61 15.06 2422 0.13931 1464.1 0.11815 179.81 342.72 0.9234 1.5720 0.898 0.582 1
25、.172 701 135.4 316.0 9.87 83.8 7.71 14.78 2220 0.15070 1458.1 0.10978 181.62 343.65 0.9305 1.5706 0.901 0.586 1.174 693 135.6 309.0 9.95 83.1 7.80 14.50 2018 0.16279 1452.1 0.10213 183.42 344.59 0.9376 1.5693 0.904 0.590 1.175 684 135.8 302.2 10.03 82.4 7.90 14.23 1816 0.17562 1446.1 0.09512 185.24
26、345.52 0.9447 1.5680 0.907 0.594 1.176 676 136.0 295.6 10.10 81.6 8.01 13.95 1614 0.18920 1440.0 0.08870 187.06 346.44 0.9517 1.5667 0.910 0.598 1.178 668 136.1 289.2 10.18 80.9 8.11 13.67 1412 0.20358 1433.8 0.08280 188.89 347.37 0.9587 1.5655 0.913 0.602 1.179 660 136.3 283.0 10.26 80.2 8.21 13.40
27、 1210 0.21878 1427.6 0.07737 190.72 348.29 0.9656 1.5644 0.917 0.607 1.181 652 136.4 276.9 10.34 79.4 8.31 13.12 108 0.23483 1421.4 0.07237 192.56 349.20 0.9726 1.5633 0.920 0.611 1.183 644 136.5 271.0 10.42 78.7 8.41 12.85 86 0.25176 1415.1 0.06777 194.41 350.11 0.9795 1.5623 0.923 0.616 1.184 636
28、136.6 265.2 10.50 78.0 8.52 12.58 64 0.26960 1408.8 0.06352 196.27 351.01 0.9863 1.5613 0.927 0.620 1.186 628 136.6 259.6 10.58 77.3 8.62 12.31 42 0.28839 1402.5 0.05959 198.13 351.91 0.9932 1.5603 0.930 0.625 1.189 620 136.7 254.1 10.66 76.6 8.73 12.04 20 0.30815 1396.1 0.05595 200.00 352.81 1.0000
29、 1.5594 0.934 0.630 1.191 612 136.7 248.7 10.74 75.9 8.84 11.77 02 0.32891 1389.6 0.05258 201.88 353.69 1.0068 1.5586 0.938 0.635 1.193 604 136.7 243.5 10.82 75.1 8.95 11.51 24 0.35071 1383.1 0.04946 203.76 354.57 1.0136 1.5577 0.942 0.640 1.196 596 136.7 238.4 10.90 74.4 9.06 11.24 46 0.37358 1376.
30、5 0.04656 205.65 355.45 1.0203 1.5569 0.946 0.645 1.199 588 136.7 233.4 10.98 73.7 9.17 10.98 68 0.39756 1369.9 0.04386 207.56 356.32 1.0270 1.5561 0.950 0.650 1.202 580 136.6 228.6 11.07 73.0 9.28 10.71 810 0.42267 1363.2 0.04135 209.46 357.18 1.0337 1.5554 0.954 0.656 1.205 572 136.5 223.8 11.15 7
31、2.3 9.39 10.45 1012 0.44895 1356.5 0.03901 211.38 358.03 1.0404 1.5547 0.958 0.661 1.208 564 136.5 219.1 11.23 71.6 9.51 10.19 1214 0.47643 1349.7 0.03683 213.31 358.88 1.0471 1.5540 0.962 0.667 1.211 556 136.3 214.6 11.31 70.9 9.62 9.94 1416 0.50514 1342.8 0.03480 215.24 359.71 1.0537 1.5533 0.967
32、0.672 1.215 548 136.2 210.1 11.40 70.2 9.74 9.68 1618 0.53513 1335.9 0.03290 217.18 360.54 1.0603 1.5527 0.971 0.678 1.219 540 136.1 205.7 11.48 69.6 9.86 9.42 1820 0.56642 1328.9 0.03112 219.14 361.36 1.0669 1.5521 0.976 0.685 1.223 532 135.9 201.4 11.57 68.9 9.98 9.17 2022 0.59905 1321.8 0.02946 2
33、21.10 362.17 1.0735 1.5515 0.981 0.691 1.228 524 135.7 197.2 11.65 68.2 10.10 8.92 2224 0.63305 1314.6 0.02790 223.07 362.97 1.0801 1.5509 0.986 0.697 1.232 516 135.5 193.1 11.74 67.5 10.23 8.67 2426 0.66846 1307.4 0.02643 225.05 363.76 1.0866 1.5503 0.991 0.704 1.237 508 135.2 189.0 11.83 66.8 10.3
34、6 8.42 2628 0.70531 1300.1 0.02506 227.04 364.54 1.0932 1.5498 0.997 0.711 1.242 499 134.9 185.0 11.92 66.1 10.49 8.17 2830 0.74365 1292.7 0.02377 229.04 365.31 1.0997 1.5492 1.002 0.718 1.248 491 134.7 181.1 12.01 65.4 10.62 7.92 3032 0.78350 1285.2 0.02256 231.06 366.07 1.1062 1.5487 1.008 0.726 1
35、.254 483 134.3 177.3 12.10 64.8 10.75 7.68 3234 0.82491 1277.6 0.02142 233.08 366.81 1.1127 1.5481 1.014 0.734 1.260 475 134.0 173.5 12.19 64.1 10.89 7.43 3436 0.86791 1269.9 0.02034 235.12 367.54 1.1192 1.5476 1.020 0.742 1.267 467 133.6 169.8 12.28 63.4 11.03 7.19 3638 0.91253 1262.2 0.01933 237.1
36、6 368.26 1.1257 1.5470 1.026 0.750 1.274 459 133.2 166.1 12.38 62.7 11.18 6.95 3840 0.95882 1254.3 0.01838 239.22 368.96 1.1322 1.5465 1.033 0.759 1.282 450 132.8 162.5 12.48 62.1 11.33 6.72 4042 1.00680 1246.3 0.01748 241.29 369.65 1.1387 1.5459 1.040 0.768 1.290 442 132.4 159.0 12.57 61.4 11.48 6.
37、48 4244 1.05660 1238.1 0.01662 243.38 370.33 1.1451 1.5454 1.048 0.778 1.299 434 131.9 155.5 12.67 60.7 11.63 6.25 4446 1.10810 1229.9 0.01582 245.47 370.98 1.1516 1.5448 1.055 0.788 1.308 426 131.4 152.0 12.78 60.0 11.79 6.01 4648 1.16140 1221.5 0.01505 247.59 371.62 1.1580 1.5443 1.063 0.798 1.318
38、 417 130.9 148.6 12.88 59.4 11.96 5.78 4850 1.21660 1213.0 0.01433 249.71 372.24 1.1645 1.5437 1.072 0.810 1.329 409 130.3 145.3 12.99 58.7 12.13 5.55 5052 1.27370 1204.4 0.01365 251.85 372.85 1.1710 1.5431 1.081 0.821 1.340 400 129.7 141.9 13.10 58.0 12.31 5.33 5254 1.33270 1195.6 0.01300 254.01 37
39、3.43 1.1774 1.5425 1.090 0.834 1.353 392 129.1 138.7 13.21 57.3 12.49 5.10 5456 1.39380 1186.6 0.01238 256.18 373.99 1.1839 1.5418 1.100 0.847 1.366 383 128.4 135.4 13.33 56.7 12.68 4.88 5658 1.45680 1177.5 0.01180 258.38 374.53 1.1904 1.5411 1.111 0.861 1.381 375 127.7 132.2 13.45 56.0 12.87 4.66 5
40、860 1.52190 1168.1 0.01124 260.58 375.05 1.1969 1.5404 1.122 0.876 1.397 366 127.0 129.1 13.57 55.3 13.08 4.44 6062 1.58920 1158.6 0.01071 262.81 375.54 1.2033 1.5397 1.135 0.892 1.414 357 126.3 125.9 13.70 54.7 13.29 4.23 6264 1.65860 1148.9 0.01021 265.06 376.00 1.2099 1.5389 1.148 0.910 1.433 348
41、 125.5 122.8 13.83 54.0 13.51 4.01 6466 1.73020 1139.0 0.00973 267.33 376.44 1.2164 1.5381 1.162 0.929 1.453 339 124.6 119.7 13.96 53.3 13.75 3.80 6668 1.80410 1128.8 0.00927 269.62 376.84 1.2229 1.5372 1.177 0.949 1.476 330 123.8 116.7 14.11 52.6 13.99 3.59 6870 1.88020 1118.3 0.00883 271.94 377.22
42、 1.2295 1.5363 1.193 0.971 1.501 321 122.9 113.6 14.26 52.0 14.25 3.39 7075 2.08110 1090.9 0.00782 277.84 377.99 1.2461 1.5337 1.241 1.037 1.576 298 120.4 106.1 14.66 50.3 14.96 2.88 7580 2.29750 1061.4 0.00691 283.94 378.48 1.2629 1.5306 1.302 1.122 1.677 274 117.7 98.6 15.11 48.7 15.80 2.40 8085 2
43、.53040 1029.1 0.00608 290.27 378.64 1.2801 1.5268 1.384 1.239 1.817 249 114.7 91.1 15.65 47.2 16.82 1.93 8590 2.78080 993.2 0.00533 296.91 378.35 1.2978 1.5220 1.501 1.410 2.026 224 111.4 83.4 16.29 45.9 18.11 1.49 9095 3.05010 952.2 0.00463 303.95 377.45 1.3163 1.5159 1.679 1.683 2.362 197 107.8 75
44、.6 17.11 45.1 19.81 1.07 95100 3.33990 903.8 0.00396 311.58 375.60 1.3360 1.5076 1.996 2.192 2.990 169 103.7 67.3 18.20 45.7 22.27 0.69 100105 3.65250 842.2 0.00330 320.24 372.08 1.3581 1.4952 2.754 3.458 4.544 139 99.3 58.1 19.87 51.7 26.34 0.35 105110 3.99240 742.7 0.00252 331.82 363.95 1.3874 1.4
45、712 7.81 11.440 14.140 105 94.0 46.3 23.46 113.7 39.46 0.07 110111.97c4.13610 565.0 0.00177 347.76 347.76 1.4283 1.4283 0 0.0 0.00 111.97*Temperatures on ITS-90 scalebNormal boiling point cCritical point30.4 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)Fig.2Pressure-EnthalpyDiagram for Refrigerant 22Pressur
46、eThermophysical Properties of Refrigerants 30.5Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated VaporTemp.,*CPres-sure, MPaDensity,kg/m3LiquidVolume,m3/kgVaporEnthalpy,kJ/kgEntropy,kJ/(kgK)Specific Heat cp, kJ/(kgK)cp/cvVaporVelocity of Sound, m/sViscosity,PasTherm
47、al Cond.,mW/(mK)Surface Tension,mN/mTemp.,* CLiquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor100 0.00201 1571.3 8.26600 90.71 358.97 0.5050 2.0543 1.061 0.497 1.243 1127 143.6 845.8 7.25 143.1 4.46 28.12 10090 0.00481 1544.9 3.64480 101.32 363.85 0.5646 1.9980 1.061 0.51
48、2 1.237 1080 147.0 699.4 7.67 137.8 4.84 26.36 9080 0.01037 1518.2 1.77820 111.94 368.77 0.6210 1.9508 1.062 0.528 1.233 1033 150.3 591.0 8.09 132.6 5.25 24.63 8070 0.02047 1491.2 0.94342 122.58 373.70 0.6747 1.9108 1.065 0.545 1.231 986 153.3 507.6 8.52 127.6 5.68 22.92 7060 0.03750 1463.7 0.53680
49、133.27 378.59 0.7260 1.8770 1.071 0.564 1.230 940 156.0 441.4 8.94 122.6 6.12 21.24 6050 0.06453 1435.6 0.32385 144.03 383.42 0.7752 1.8480 1.079 0.585 1.232 893 158.3 387.5 9.36 117.8 6.59 19.58 5048 0.07145 1429.9 0.29453 146.19 384.37 0.7849 1.8428 1.081 0.589 1.233 884 158.7 377.8 9.45 116.9 6.69 19.25 4846 0.07894 1424.2 0.26837 148.36 385.32 0.7944 1.8376 1.083 0.594 1.234 875 159.1 368.6 9.53 115.9 6.79 18.92 4644 0.08705 1418.4 0.24498 150.53 386.26 0.8039 1.8327 1.086 0.599 1.235 865
