1、Designation: A182/A182M 12a A182/A182M 12b Endorsed by Manufacturers StandardizationSociety of the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forForged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-TemperatureService1
2、This standard is issued under the fixed designation A182/A182M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indic
3、ates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.NoteTable 2 was corrected editorially and the year date changed on August 8, 2012.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers forged low alloy and stainless ste
4、el piping components for use in pressure systems. Included areflanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specificationsthat are referenced in Section 2.1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar (other than those direc
5、tly addressed by this specification; see 6.4), referto Specifications A479/A479M and A739 for the similar grades available in those specifications. Products made to thisspecification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb 4540 kg. For larger products and products for other applications, refert
6、o Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, respectively, available in thosespecifications.1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included inthis specification. Selectio
7、n will depend upon design and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex) grades arealso found in Specification A1049/A1049M.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply onlywhen specified individually b
8、y the purchaser in the order.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-
9、pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-confor
10、mance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to the referenced documents listed in Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply to thisspecification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless St
11、eelsA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsA336/A336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature PartsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsA479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in
12、Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping a
13、nd Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Aug. 8, 2012Nov. 1, 2012. Published August 2012December 2012. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asA182/A182M12.12a. DOI: 10.1520/A0182_A0182M-12a.10.1520/A0182_A0182M-12b.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
14、Code applications see related Specification SA-182 in Section II of that Code.3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
15、on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that use
16、rs consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
17、hocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA739 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, for Elevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, or BothA763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to In
18、tergranular Attack in Ferritic Stainless SteelsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplicationsA965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pr
19、essure and High Temperature PartsA1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and RelatedComponentsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials (Withdrawn 2010)4E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165 Pract
20、ice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:5Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications2.4 AWS Specifications6A5.4/A5.4M Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc We
21、ldingA5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.9/A5.9M Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.11/A5.11M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.14/A5.14M Specification f
22、or Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and RodsA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc We
23、lding3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Specification A961/A961M.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hardened condition, nfor F23, the metallurgical condition achieved after normalizing and cooling to room temperaturebut pr
24、ior to tempering.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order information necessary to purchase the needed material.In addition to the ordering information guidelines in Specification A961/A961M, orders should include the following information:4.1.1
25、 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1, Table 2 footnotes, 9.3, and 19.2), and4.1.2 Requirement, if any, that manufacturer shall submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forging beforemachining and the exact location of test specimen material (see 9.3.1).5. General Requirements5.1 Pr
26、oduct furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecification A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this speci
27、fication. In case of conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification shall prevail.6. Manufacture6.1 The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process with the option ofseparate degassing
28、and refining processes in each case.6.2 The stainless steels shall be melted by one of the following processes: (a) electric-furnace (with the option of separatedegassing and refining processes); (b) vacuum-furnace; or (c) one of the former followed by vacuum or electroslag-consumableremelting. Grad
29、e F XM-27Cb may be produced by electron-beam melting.6.3 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.6.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable to the specified shape and size.4 The last approved version of this historical standard i
30、s referenced on www.astm.org.5 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.A182/A1
31、82M 12b26.4.1 Flanges of any type, elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.6.4.2 Cylindrically-shaped parts may be machined from forged or rolled solution-annealed austenitic stainless steel bar withoutadditional hot working.6.4.3 Cylindrically-shape
32、d low alloy, martensitic stainless, and ferritic stainless steel parts, NPS-4 DN 100 and under, may bemachined from forged or rolled bar, without additional hot working.6.5 Except as provided for in 6.4, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology section of SpecificationA7
33、88/A788M.7. Heat Treatment77.1 After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a temperature below 1000 F 538 C prior to heat treating in accordancewith the requirements of Table 1.7.2 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless SteelsThe low alloy steels and ferritic and martensitic stai
34、nlesssteels shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 1. When more than one heat treatment option islisted for a Grade in Table 1, any one of the heat treatments listed shall be performed. The selection of the heat treatment shallbe at the manufacturers option, unles
35、s otherwise stated in the purchase order.7.2.1 Liquid QuenchingExcept as permitted in 7.2.2, forF 1, F 2, and F 3, and in 7.2.3, for F 91, and when agreed to by the purchaser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall bepermitted provided the temperatures in Table 1 for each grade are used.7.2.1.
36、1 MarkingParts that are liquid quenched and tempered shall be marked “QT.”7.2.2 Alternatively, Grade F 1, F 2, and F 12, Classes 1 and 2 may be given a heat treatment of 1200 F 650 C minimumafter final hot or cold forming.7.2.3 Alternatively, Grade F 91 forged fittings having any section thickness g
37、reater than 3 in. 75 mm, at the time of heattreatment, shall be normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered at the manufacturers option, provided that thetemperatures in Table 1 for F 91 are used.7.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless SteelsThe austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stain
38、less steels shall be heat treatedin accordance with the requirements of 7.1 and Table 1.7.3.1 Alternatively, immediately following hot working, while the temperature of the forging is not less than the minimumsolution annealing temperature specified in Table 1, forgings made from austenitic grades (
39、except grades F 304H, F 309H, F 310,F 310H, F 316H, F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, F 348H, F 45, and F 56) may be individually rapidly quenched inaccordance with the requirements of Table 1.7.3.2 See Supplementary Requirement S8 if a particular heat treatment method is to be employed.7.4 Time
40、of Heat TreatmentHeat treatment of forgings may be performed before machining.7.5 Forged or Rolled BarForged or rolled austenitic stainless bar from which cylindrically shaped parts are to be machined,as permitted by 6.4, and the parts machined from such bar, without heat treatment after machining,
41、shall be furnished to theannealing requirements of Specification A479/A479M or this specification, with subsequent light cold drawing and straighteningpermitted (see Supplementary Requirement S3 if annealing must be the final operation).8. Chemical Composition8.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordan
42、ce with Specification A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 2.8.2 Grades to which lead, selenium, or other elements are added for the purpose of rendering the material free-machining shallnot be used.8.3 Starting material produced to a specification that
43、 specifically requires the addition of any element beyond those listed inTable 2 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted.8.4 Steel grades covered in this specification shall not contain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen in stainless steels, forthe ordered grade to the extent
44、that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specifiedelement having a required minimum content. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy described individually andidentified by its own UNS designation or Grade designation and identification sy
45、mbol in Table 2.8.5 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may make a product analysis on products supplied to this specification in accordance withSpecification A961/A961M.7 A solution annealing temperature above 1950 F 1065 C may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subsequent exposure to
46、 sensitizing conditions inF 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H. When specified by the purchaser, a lower temperature stabilization or resolution annealing shall be used subsequent tothe initial high temperature solution anneal (see Supplementary Requirement S10).A182/A182M 12b3TABLE 1 Hea
47、t Treating RequirementsGrade Heat Treat Type Austenitizing/SolutioningTemperature, Minimumor Range, F CACoolingMediaQuenching CoolBelow F CTempering Temperature,Minimum orRange, F CLow Alloy SteelsF 1 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900 air cool B 1150 620F 2 anneal 1650 90
48、0 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900 air cool B 1150 620F 5, F 5a anneal 1750 955 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1750 955 air cool B 1250 675F 9 anneal 1750 955 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1750 955 air cool B 1250 675F 10 solution treat and quench 1900 1040 liquid 500 260 B
49、F 91 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool B 13501470 730800F 92 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool B 13501470 730800F 122 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool B 13501470 730800F 911 normalize and temper 1900-1975 1040-1080 air cool or liquid B 13651435 740-780F 11, Class 1, 2, 3 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900 air cool B 1150 620F 12, Class 1, 2 anneal 1650 900 furnace cool B Bnormalize and temper 1650 900
