1、Designation: A697/A697M 03 (Reapproved 2008)A697/A697M 13Standard Test Method forAlternating Current Magnetic Properties of Laminated CoreSpecimen Using Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A697/A697M; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determin
3、ation of several ac magnetic properties of laminated cores made from flat-rolledmagnetic materials.1.2 This test method covers test equipment and procedures for the determination of impedance permeability and exciting powerfrom voltage and current measurements, and core loss from wattmeter measureme
4、nts. These tests are made under conditions ofsinusoidal flux.1.3 This test method covers tests for two general categories (1 and 2) of cores based on size and application.1.4 Tests are provided for power and control size cores (Category 1) operating at inductions of 10 to 15 kG 1.0 to 1.5 T andat fr
5、equencies of 50, 60, and 400 Hz.1.5 Procedures and tests are provided for coupling and matching type transformer cores (Category 2) over the range ofinductions from 100 G 0.01 T or lower to 10 kG 1.0 T and above at 50 to 60 Hz or above when covered by suitable procurementspecifications.1.6 This test
6、 method also covers tests for core loss and ac impedance permeability under incremental test conditions (acmagnetization superimposed on dc magnetization) for the above core types and at inductions up to those that cause the ac excitingcurrent to become excessively distorted or reach values that exc
7、eed the limits of the individual test equipment components.1.7 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M and Terminology A340. It depends upon thesedesignated documents and a related reference test manual for detailed information which will not be repeated in this test met
8、hod.1.8 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately asstandard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently o
9、f the other. Combining values from the two systems may result innonconformance with this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
10、 practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic MaterialsA340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing3. Terminology3.1 The terms
11、and symbols listed below apply only to this test method. The official list of symbols and definitions may be foundin Terminology A340.3.2 Symbols:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on Test
12、Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2008November 2013. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20032008as A697/A697M 03.A697/A697M 03 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/A0697_A0697M-03R08. 10.1520/A0697_A0697M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visi
13、t theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
14、an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
15、to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1As = E lamination surface area, one side only,Ass = EI lamination surface area, one side only,h = lamination stack height,Adc = dc ammeter,Idc = dc
16、 current,N1 = primary turns,N2 = secondary turns,N3 = tertiary turns,R1 = ammeter shunt resistance,Vf = flux voltmeter,w = lamination center leg width,W = wattmeter, andZ = choke coil impedance.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 For Category 1 cores, the recommended tests are made at a frequency of 60 Hz
17、and at a test induction within the range from10 through 15 kG 1.0 to 1.5 T.4.2 For Category 2 cores, the recommended tests are made at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz and at inductions of 40, 100 or 200,2000, 5000, 6000, 7000, and 10 000 G 0.004, 0.01 or 0.02, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 1.0 T. Any or all ma
18、y be required dependingon the type of core material.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed for evaluating the ac magnetic properties of laminated cores made from flat-rolled magneticmaterials.5.2 The reproducibility and repeatability of this test method are such that this test met
19、hod is suitable for design, specificationacceptance, service evaluation, and research and development.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus for testing under this test method shall consist of as many of the following components, described in 6.2through 6.12, as required to perform the desired test measureme
20、nts.6.2 Test CoilsIn general, test coils are designed to surround a square center leg stack (lamination stack height equal to centerleg width). They consist of two or more windings with the secondary wound on the coil form first. Three groups of standard testcoils are described in 6.2.1 through 6.2.
21、3. Each of these has been designed to provide specific features during test. Because of turns,coil resistance, and magnitude of induced voltage, each has a particular field of application.6.2.1 The coils listed in Table 1, for testing Category 1 cores, have been designed to have equal primary and se
22、condary turnsand provide an induced voltage of 115 V when operating at a peak flux density of 15 kG 1.5 T at 60 Hz.6.2.2 The coils listed in Table 2, for testing Category 2 cores, have been designed to have characteristics that provide a directreadout capability for incremental permeability. The tes
23、t coil is designed so that the primary winding 22.N15100=2 pi l1, thesecondary winding N2 = 20 l1, and the tertiary winding N3 is designed so that the N 355=2 pi l1 (and N1/N3 = 20).6.2.3 The coils listed in Table 3 have been designed for testing Category 1 cores at a frequency of 400 Hz.6.3 Flux Vo
24、ltmeterThe flux voltmeter shall be a true average responsive voltmeter calibrated to read =2 pi/4 times the fullwave rectified average voltage so that its indications will be identical to those of a true rms voltmeter on a pure sinusoidal voltage.To produce the estimated precision of tests under thi
25、s test method, the full-scale errors shall not exceed 0.5 % (0.25 % or betterpreferred). Either digital or analog flux voltmeters are permitted. The normally high impedance of digital flux voltmeters isdesirable to minimize loading effects. The internal resistance of an analog flux voltmeter shall n
26、ot be less than 1000 /V offull-scale indication.6.4 Avariable voltage divider on the input of the flux voltmeter may be used to scale the voltmeter reading. The voltage dividershould provide for ratio adjustments to four significant figures to establish the desired fraction of the secondary voltage
27、that is tobe impressed on the flux voltmeter. Care must be taken to assure that the voltage rating of a ratio transformer is adequate for useat the test frequency and voltage. A resistive voltage divider may be used with high impedance electronic voltmeters. Dividershaving a total resistance of at l
28、east 10 K for low-voltage tests and 100 K or more for other tests are preferred. When a resistivevoltage divider is used, additional correction for instrument burden may be required to eliminate the effect of the resistive lossesin the voltage divider upon measurements.6.5 RMS Voltmeter, VA true rms
29、 responsive voltmeter shall be used to indicate the rms voltage for exciting powermeasurements. It may also be used for evaluating the form factor of the voltage induced in the secondary of the test fixture andfor evaluating instrument losses. The accuracy of the rms voltmeter shall be the same as t
30、hat specified for the flux voltmeter. Eitherdigital or analog voltmeters are permitted. The normally high-input resistance of the digital rms voltmeters is desirable to minimizeloading effects. The input resistance of an analog rms voltmeter shall not be less than 1000 /V of full-scale indication.A6
31、97/A697M 132NOTE 1Many electronic voltmeters are either peak responsive or average responsive in their indications.Although these meters may have scales thatare marked RMS Volts, they should not be used for rms current or rms voltage measurements when distorted waves are present. They may indicate t
32、herms values of voltages with little distortion but should not be relied upon for rms voltage measurements in magnetic test circuits. When flux is held closelysinusoidal, these probable errors can sometimes be ignored for rms voltage measurements at the lower inductions. However, the current wavefor
33、m underthese conditions always has too much distortion for proper use of one of these instruments as an rms ammeter.6.6 RMS AmmeterAtrue rms responsive meter shall be used to measure the rms exciting current for calculating exciting poweror magnetizing force, Hz, for impedance permeability. This met
34、er may be either an electronic or analog type.An analog instrumentmay be a moving iron-vane, thermal, or electrodynamometer type. Sufficient current ranges should be provided to cover the desiredrange of exciting currents. This meter shall have an accuracy of 1 % of full-scale indication or better.
35、Its internal impedance shouldbe less than 0.1 for testing Category 1 cores. For Category 2 cores in which the test coil resistance is already high, the ammetersTABLE 1 Test Coils for EI Used at 60 Hz in Power Applications, Category 1NOTE 1Winding forms should allow for at least 0.030-in. 0.076-cm cl
36、earance between lamination stack and coil form, and its walls should not bethicker than necessary to provide adequate insulation and strength for coil support.NOTE 2These coils are also suitable for use at 50 Hz and other frequencies.NOTE 3N3 winding is required for setting induction when incrementa
37、l properties are to be measured or where other instruments interfere withinduction measurements. It is composed of one layer of No. 34 wire so that N3552pil1 where l1 is the magnetic path length.Lamination Test Winding (see 6.2.1)Center Leg N 1 N2 N3Width (w) LengthRelativeto wStack Height (h)Turns
38、WireSize Resist-ance, Turns WireSize Resist-ance, Turns WireSize Resist-ance, in. cm in. cm38 0.9525 1.5w 34 1.905 1000 35 84.3 1000 35 103.8 64 34 2.8412 1.270 1.5w 1 2.540 800 34 68.3 800 34 80.7 72 34 4.0058 1.588 1.5w 78 2.222 800 33 56.6 800 33 67.8 83 34 5.5434 1.905 1.5w 34 1.905 800 31 36.6
39、800 31 43.5 100 34 7.7778 2.222 1.5w 78 2.222 588 28 15.4 588 28 18.1 116 34 9.861516 2.381 1.5 w 1516 2.381 513 26 8.75 513 26 10.6 136 34 12.81 2.540 1.5w 1 2.540 450 25 6.02 450 25 7.44 133 34 13.3118 2.857 1.5 w 118 2.857 356 24 4.45 356 24 5.37 150 34 16.7114 3.175 1.5 w 114 3.175 288 22 2.43 2
40、88 22 2.92 167 34 20.4138 3.493 1.5 w 138 3.493 238 20 1.43 238 20 1.75 183 34 24.3112 3.810 1.5 w 112 3.810 200 18 0.82 200 18 0.98 200 34 28.8158 4.127 1.5 w 158 4.127 170 14 0.35 170 14 0.46 245 34 38.0134 4.445 1.5 w 134 4.445 147 16 0.45 147 16 0.52 233 34 38.7218 5.397 1.5 w 218 5.397 100 12 0
41、.16 100 12 0.20 283 34 56.6214 5.715 1.5 w 214 5.715 89 10 0.11 89 10 0.13 320 34 67.5212 6.350 1.5 w 212 6.350 72 10 0.10 72 10 0.11 333 34 73.93 7.62 1.5w 112 3.810 76 10 0.11 76 10 0.11 400 34 111.04 10.16 1.5w 2 5.080 57 10 0.09 57 10 0.10 534 34 148.0TABLE 2 Test Coils for EI Laminations Used i
42、n General Magnetic Applications, Category 2NOTE 1Winding forms should allow for at least 0.030-in. 0.076-cm clearance between lamination stock and coil form, and its walls should be notthicker than necessary to provide adequate insulation and strength for coil support.NOTE 2These coils may be used a
43、t any frequency where voltage does not become excessively large.NOTE 3N3 winding is required for setting production when incremental properties are to be measured or other instruments interfere with inductionmeasurements. It is composed of one layer of No. 34 wire so that N 3552pil1 where l1 is the
44、magnetic path length.Lamination Test Windings (see 6.2.2)Center Leg N 1 N2 N3Width (w) LengthRelativeto wStack Height (h)Turns WireSize Resist-ance, Turns WireSize Resist-ance, Turns WireSize Resist-ance, in. cm in. cm316 0.4763 1.5 w 316 0.4763 722 36 24.2 32 30 0.37 36 34 0.99714 0.635 1.5w 14 0.6
45、35 888 36 26.3 36 40 0.82 44 34 1.4738 0.9525 1.5w 38 0.9525 1278 36 127.8 40 24 0.30 64 34 2.8412 1.270 1.5w 12 1.270 1444 36 180.4 60 24 0.42 72 34 4.0058 1.588 1.5w 58 1.588 1666 36 263.2 75 24 0.58 83 34 5.531116 1.746 1.5 w 1116 1.746 1822 36 294.4 82 23 0.55 92 34 6.6434 1.905 1.5w 34 1.905 20
46、00 35 278.0 90 21 0.42 100 34 7.7778 2.222 1.5w 78 2.222 2333 34 295.7 105 21 0.45 116 34 10.31516 2.381 1.5 w 1516 2.381 2711 34 374.6 122 20 0.55 136 34 12.81 2.540 1.5w 1 2.540 2666 34 373.9 120 20 0.55 133 34 13.3A697/A697M 133input resistance may be higher (Note 2). A true rms responsive voltme
47、ter (Note 1) of suitable accuracy connected across anammeter shunt resistor provides an rms ammeter having an adequate range and ability of adjustment.NOTE 2At any test induction the voltage drop across the rms ammeter (or shunt resistor) should be less than 1 % of the voltage across the test coilpr
48、imary windings.6.7 Ammeter Shunt Resistor, R1This is a high quality resistor that is placed in series with the primary test winding and shallcarry the full primary exciting current. A voltmeter across its terminal completes an ammeter.6.7.1 This resistor should have an accuracy of at least 0.1 % and
49、 should have a very low-temperature coefficient so that its errorsdo not appreciably increase the overall ammeter errors.6.7.2 When testing larger Category 1 (power size) cores at high inductions this resistor may carry several amperes and the powerdissipation capabilities should be such that the maximum primary current will not result in destructive heating or loss of specifiedaccuracy as a result of self heating.6.7.3 For smaller cores tested at low or moderate inductions, the power
