1、Designation: C1485 06C1485 13Standard Test Method forCritical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Usingan Electric Radiant Heat Energy Source1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the critical radiant flux o
3、f exposed attic floor insulation subjected to aflaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energy environment inside a test chamber. The test specimen can be any attic floorinsulation. This test method is not applicable to those insulations that melt or shrink away when exposed to the radiant h
4、eat energyenvironment or the ignition source.1.2 This test method measures the critical radiant flux at the farthest point to which the flame advances. It provides a meansfor relative classification of a fire test response standard for exposed attic floor insulation. The imposed radiant flux simulat
5、ionlevels of thermal radiation are likely to impinge on the surface of exposed attic insulation from roof assemblies heated by the sunand by heat or flames of an incidental fire which may has the potential to involve an attic space. This test method is intended tosimulate an important element of fir
6、e exposure that may has the potential to develop in open attics, but is not intended for use indescribing flame spread behavior of insulation installed other than on an attic floor.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information o
7、nly.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but dosedoes not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerial, products, or assemblies under act
8、ual fire conditions.1.5 WarningFire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the use
9、r of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine t
10、he Precision of a Test Method2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:CRF (Critical Radiant Flux) Calibration Form33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, see Terminology C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 critical radiant flux (CRF)the level of i
11、ncident radiant heat energy on the attic floor insulation system at the most distantflame-out point in W/cm.2 (Btu/ft2s).1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical andPhysical Properties
12、.Current edition approved April 1, 2006March 1, 2013. Published May 2006March 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 asC148501C148506. DOI: 10.1520/C1485-06.10.1520/C1485-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Cus
13、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC1485. Original adjunct produced in 2006.This document is not an ASTM standar
14、d and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases o
15、nly the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.2 flux profilethe curve relating incident radiant heat energy on the specimen pl
16、ane to distance from the point of initiationof flaming ignition, that is, 0.0 cm. (0.0 in.).3.2.3 graded radiant energythe heating element is placed on an angled plain.3.2.4 total flux meterthe instrument used to measure the level of radiant heat energy incident on the specimen plane at a givenpoint
17、.3.2.5 screedgently remove the excess material using a metal straight edge to leave a uniform surface on the insulation flushwith the top of the container.3.2.6 voltage regulatora regulated constant voltage transformer equipped with a voltmeter shall be connected between thechamber and the power sou
18、rce. This will be maintained at 115 6 5 volts.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A horizontally mounted insulation specimen is exposed to the heat from an electric radiant heat energy panel located aboveand inclined at 30 to the specimen.After a short preheat, the hottest end of the specimen is ignited wi
19、th a small flame. The distanceto the farthest advance of flaming is measured, converted to watts per square centimeter from a previously prepared graph of theradiant flux profile, and reported as the critical radiant flux.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to provide a basis for
20、 estimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior of exposed insulationinstalled on the floor of an open attic. The test environment is intended to simulate attic floor exposure to radiant heat conditions.Radiant heat has been observed and defined in full-scale attic experiments.6. Apparatus6.1 R
21、adiant Panel Test Chamber:NOTE 1Hardware Description for Electric Radiant Panel in Fig. 1:1. Toggle switch2. Exhaust fan3. Thermometer4. Aluminum flat welded on under side of angle for rod support5. 1 cm (38 in.) rod (ready bolt)6. Electric heat element (650 watt chromalox7. Aluminum angle 2.5 cm (1
22、 in.) (tray slide rails)8. Aluminum angle 4 cm (1.5 in.) (all framing)9. Lock nuts for rods10. Viewing glass 6 mm (14 in.)11. Cement board or ceramic tile backerboard 6 mm (14 in.)12. Flat aluminum with holes for rod and heat element twisted to fitNOTE 2Measurements Electric Radiant Panel in Fig. 1:
23、A. 32.5 cm (13 in.) H. 71 cm (28 in.) O. 20 cm (8 in.)B. 10 cm (4in.) I. 60cm (24 in.)referenceP. 7.5 cm (3 in.)C. 13 cm (5 in.) point Q. 16 cm (6.25 in.)D. 25.5 cm (10 in.) J. 33 cm (13 in.) R. 80 cm (32 in.)E. 30.5 cm (12 in.) K. 57 cm (23 in.) S. 20 cm (8 in.)F. 57 mm (2.25 in.) L. 65 cm (26 in.)
24、 T. 7.5 cm (3 in.)G. 25.5mm (10 in.) M. 19 cm (7.5 in.)N. 33 cm (13.25 in.)6.1.1 Cabinet, consists of an angle aluminum frame faced on four sides with cement fiber board or ceramic tile backerboardbacker board 6 mm (14 in.) and approximate overall dimensions of 80 cm (32 in.) high by 71 cm (28 in.)
25、long by 30 cm (12 in.)deep with a viewing window along the front side and a vertical cement fiber board sliding on the right-hand end.6.1.2 Specimen Holder, an open-top 0.16 mm (2226 U.S. standard gage) thick stainless steel sheet with the vertical edges ofthe tray overlapped, not to exceed 7 mm (0.
26、273 in.) in seam width, and joined to be watertight. Tray with outside dimensionmeasuring exactly 60 cm (24 in.) long, by 15 cm (6 in.) wide by 5.0 cm (2 in.) deep.6.1.3 Radiant Heat Energy Source, consists of a 110 V, 650 W, 1.3 cm (12 in.) diameter heating element that is 35 cm (14 in.)long, mount
27、ed in a stainless steel reflector with overall dimensions of 49 cm (19.5 in.) long by 9.5 cm (3.75 in.) wide. The heateris mounted inside the cabinet at a 30 angle to the horizontal rising away from the door.6.1.4 Dial Temperature Gage, shall be a panel mount type attached onto the front of the cabi
28、net to monitor the interior cabinettemperature and placed in the back upper left quadrant at 7.5 cm (3 in.) from the top and 20 cm (8 in.) from the back. The gaugeshall have a range of 0 to 121C (32 to 250F) graduated in 2C (2F) increments.6.1.5 Exhaust Fan, shall be mounted into the top of the cabi
29、net at the opposite end from the door, unobstructed air flow out.The fan is 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter, 0.76 cmm (30 cfm), operating on 120 V.C1485 1326.1.6 Control Switches, two toggle switches are mounted on the top of the cabinet adjacent to the fan and are used to energizethe exhaust fan and radi
30、ant energy source. Household switches have worked well.6.1.7 EnvironmentThe radiant panel test chamber employed for this test shall be located in a draft-protected area andmaintained at 21 6 2C (70 6 4F) and a relative humidity of 50 6 20 %.6.1.8 A Reliable 115 6 5 Volts Power Source, a device shall
31、 be incorporated that maintains or monitors a reliable 115 6 5 ACvolts.6.1.9 Hardware Description for Electric Radiant Panel:6.1.9.1 The following are the componets of the radiant panel test chamber described in Fig. 1. The various dimensions aredescribed in 6.1.101. Toggle switch2. Exhaust fan3. Th
32、ermometer4. Aluminum flat welded on under side of angle for rod support5. 1 cm (38 in.) rod (ready bolt)6. Electric heat element (650 watt chromalox7. Aluminum angle 2.5 cm (1 in.) (tray slide rails)8. Aluminum angle 4 cm (1.5 in.) (all framing)9. Lock nuts for rods10. Viewing glass 6 mm (14 in.)11.
33、 Cement board or ceramic tile backerboard 6 mm (14 in.)12. Flat aluminum with holes for rod and heat element twisted to fit6.1.10 Dimensions of Electric Radiant Panel:6.1.10.1 The following are the dimensions of the items shown in Fig. 1.A. 32.5 cm (13 in.) H. 71 cm (28 in.) O. 20 cm (8 in.)B. 10 cm
34、 (4in.) I. 60cm (24 in.)referenceP. 7.5 cm (3 in.)C. 13 cm (5 in.) point Q. 16 cm (6.25 in.)D. 25.5 cm (10 in.) J. 33 cm (13 in.) R. 80 cm (32 in.)E. 30.5 cm (12 in.) K. 57 cm (23 in.) S. 20 cm (8 in.)F. 57 mm (2.25 in.) L. 65 cm (26 in.) T. 7.5 cm (3 in.)G. 25.5mm (10 in.) M. 19 cm (7.5 in.)N. 33 c
35、m (13.25 in.)7. Calibration and Standardization Apparatus7.1 Apparatus:7.1.1 Total Flux Meter:7.1.1.1 Overall Dimensions15 cm (6 in.) 15 cm (6 in.) 10 cm (4 in.),7.1.1.2 All metal case,7.1.1.3 110v AC (high impedance),7.1.1.4 Calibrated to a national National or International standard,7.1.1.5 Direct
36、 readout in W/cm,2 shall read to three decimal places.7.1.2 Heat Flux Transducer:7.1.2.1 Range0 to 1.5 W/cm,2Measurements are in units of W per cm2.7.1.2.2 Water cooled, and7.1.2.3 Calibrated to a national National or International standard.7.1.3 Dummy Specimen Calibration Board:7.1.3.1 Overall Dime
37、nsions5 cm (2 in.) 60 cm (24 in.) 15 cm (6 in.), and7.1.3.2 Centered Calibration Hole2.5 cm (1 in.) in diameter centered on and along the centerline at 10 cm (4 in.), 20 cm (8in.), 30 cm (12 in.), 40 cm (16 in.), and 50 cm (20 in.) locations (within 6 0.1 cm) measured from the zero reference at them
38、aximum flux end of the specimen.7.2 Radiant Heat Energy Flux Profile Standardization:7.2.1 Place heat flux meter within 1 m (3 ft.) of the radiant panel.7.2.2 Connect either of the cooling lines of the heat flux transducer to a tap water outlet. Connect the other side to dischargeand drain (plastic
39、tubing obtainable at a hardware store will work).7.2.3 Establish a flow of 300 to 700 mL/min.7.2.4 Plug the heat flux meter into the voltage regulator.7.2.5 Connect the heat flux transducer to the heat flux meter.7.2.6 The heat flux transducer should be connected to the heat flux meter.Before calibr
40、ation or testing check the reflector on theradiant heat source to ensure it is clean. If it needs cleaning, do so before turning it on for calibration or testing.NOTE 3Check the reflector on the radiant heat source to see that it is clean. If it needs cleaned, do so before it is turned on for calibr
41、ation. Heat fluxtransducer and heat flux meter must be calibrated together to a standard source. They are not interchangeable between calibrations periods to a standardreference.C1485 133See Notes 1 and 26.1.9 inand 6.16.1.10 for hardware description and measure-ments.dimensions.FIG. 1 Electric Radi
42、ant Panel CabinetC1485 1347.2.7 The heat flux transducer and the heat flux meter shall always be calibrated together against a standard source. They shallnot be interchanged between calibration periods against a standard reference.7.2.8 Turn on the radiant panel heat element and let it heat up to a
43、steady-state temperature. Normally this takes about one hour.The steady-state temperature of the radiant panel cabinet is 49 6 5C (120 6 10F) which is measured by the thermometer abovethe radiant heat element. However, the cabinet temperature is very dependent on the room temperature. If the room te
44、mperaturevaries, so may the calibration. it is possible that the calibration will vary also. Reaffirm the cooling water flow and allow the meterto stabilize which could take up to 10 to 15 min. Water temperature should be Ensure that the water temperature is approximately21C (70F) to avoid condensat
45、ion on heat flux transducer.7.2.9 Open the sample entry door and place the dummy specimen on the slide rails. Push the dummy specimen in until it is flushwith the rear wall of the panel panel, close the door and allow three minutes to preheat.7.2.10 Insert the heat flux transducer into the 10 cm (4
46、in.) hole of the dummy board, making certain that the silver ring ringlarger than 2.54 cm(1.0 cm (1.0 in.) that will not go through the dummy board hole is flush with the bottom of the dummyspecimen, and parallel to the plain of the dummy specimen. Leave the transducer in position for thirty seconds
47、 or until it givesa stable reading. Read the value on the heat flux meter to three significant digits.NOTE 4The value on the heat flux meter is in watts per centimetre squared (W/cm2).7.2.11 Record the reading obtained.7.2.12 Move the transducer to the 20 cm (8 in.), 30 cm (12 in.), 40 cm (16 in.) a
48、nd 50 cm (20 in.) calibration holes and followthe procedure in 6.2.8.7.2.13 Remove the dummy board from the radiant panel.7.2.14 With a french curve carefully draw a smooth line through the data points in plotting the W/cm2 values for each point 10cm (4 in.), 20 cm (8 in.), 30 cm (12 in.), 40 cm (16
49、 in.), and 50 cm (20 in.) on graph paper 20 20 per in.). This will be thecalibration curve or flux profile curve.8. Sample Preparation and Conditioning (See Fig. 4)8.1 Sample PreparationBlow the sample material through a commercial insulation blower using 30.0 of 5.0 cm (100 ft of 2in.) hose into a box while holding the hose horizontally at a height of 122 cm (4 ft).8.2 Condition the samples to equilibrium at 21 6 2.0C (70 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in an open-top meshbottom container not exceeding 10.0 cm (4 in.
