1、Designation: C1744 12Standard Practice forInstallation and Use of Radiant Barrier Systems (RBS) inCommercial/Industrial Building Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1744; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice has been prepared for use by the designer,specifier, builder, and the inst
3、aller of radiant barrier systems(RBS) for use in commercial/industrial building constructionnot otherwise restricted from use. The scope is limited toinstruction relative to the use and installation of RBS, includ-ing a surface(s) normally having an emittance of 0.1 or less,such as metallic foil or
4、metallic foil deposits, mounted onsubstrates. Some examples that this practice is intended toaddress include: (1) low-emittance surfaces in vented buildingenvelope cavities intended to retard radiant transfer across theairspace: (2) low-emittance surfaces at interior building sur-faces intended to r
5、etard radiant transfer to, or from, buildinginhabitants; and (3) low-emittance surface at interior buildingsurfaces intended to reduce radiant transfer to, or from, radiantheating or cooling systems.1.2 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation inspection through the post-i
6、nstallation procedure.It does not cover the production of the radiant barrier materials.(See Specification C1313.)1.3 This practice is not intended to replace the manufactur-ers installation instructions but shall be used in conjunctionwith such instructions. This practice is not intended to super-c
7、ede local, state, federal, or international codes.1.4 This practice assumes that the installer possesses a goodworking knowledge of the applicable codes and regulations,safety practices, tools, equipment, and methods necessary forinstallation of radiant barrier materials. It also assumes that theins
8、taller understands the fundamentals of commercial/industrial building construction that affect the installation ofRBS.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onl
9、yand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
10、ions prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements see Sections 5 and 7.1.6.1 When the installation or use of radiant barrier mate-rials, accessories, and systems has the potential to pose safetyor health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the userappropriate current information regarding
11、 any known prob-lems associated with the use of the product of the company andshall also specify protective measures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC1313 Specification for Sheet Radiant Barriers for BuildingConstruction Applications2.2 NFPA
12、Standards:3NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas CodeNFPA 211 Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces and Vents2.3 Other Document:4CPSC Product Safety Fact Sheet No. 18 “The Home Elec-trical System”3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology C168.3.2 Definitions
13、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 applicator, nperson or persons who apply radiantbarrier materials in buildings.3.2.2 conditioned space, nany space in a building that isserved by a heating or cooling system.3.2.3 girts, ntypically, 1 or 23 nominal lumber, installedover rafters or trusses, to
14、 be used for securing both the RBSand metal decking, which is used on wall assemblies forsecuring metal siding.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 on ReflectiveInsulation.Current edition approved
15、May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C174410. DOI:10.1520/C174412.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inform
16、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, ht
17、tp:/www.cpsc.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.4 open air space, nvented building cavity (for ex-ample, an open-ended wall or ceiling assembly) or a largeconditioned or unconditioned building space.3.2.4.1 Discu
18、ssionA large building space is defined asone whose minimum dimension exceeds 2 ft (0.6 m).3.2.5 purlins, nsteel or wood structural members that areused to support the buildings primary structural load above thefloor.3.2.6 radiant barrier system, RBS, nbuilding constructionassembly consisting of a lo
19、wemittance (0.1 or less) surfacebounded by an open air space on one or both sides.3.2.6.1 DiscussionDiscussionAn RBS is used for thesole purpose of limiting heat transfer by radiation into or out ofa building assembly. An RBS is not specifically intended toreduce heat transfer by convection or condu
20、ction.3.2.7 subpurlins, nsecondary steel or wood structuralmembers that are used primarily to support the roofing andsiding of a building are often identified as “Z purlins,” “Cchannel,” “I beams,” or other structural configurations basedon cross-sectional appearance.3.2.8 thermal break, nlow therma
21、l conductivity productsuch as wood or polystyrene used to separate two higherconductivity products that are most often metal in an effort toreduce heat gain or loss and prevent the potential for conden-sation problems.4. Significance and Use4.1 In this practice it is recognized that effectiveness, s
22、afety,and durability of an RBS depends not only on the quality of thematerials, but also on proper installation.4.2 Improper installation of an RBS will reduce the thermaleffectiveness, cause fire risks and other unsafe conditions, andpromote deterioration of the structure in which it is installed.I
23、mproper installations include fires caused by: (1) heat buildupin recessed lighting fixtures, (2) deterioration or failure ofelectrical wiring components, and (3) deterioration in woodstructures and paint failure as a result of moisture accumula-tion.4.3 This practice provides direction for the inst
24、allation ofRBS products in a safe and effective manner.Actual conditionsin existing buildings vary greatly and care shall be taken toensure safe and effective installation.4.4 In this practice, requirements are presented that are bothgeneral and specific in nature and practical. They are notintended
25、 as specific instructions unless so indicated. The usershall consult the manufacturer for application and installationmethods. The requirements in this practice shall be the mini-mum material and installation requirements for RBS.5. Pre-Installation Inspection and Preparation5.1 The applicator shall
26、 wear proper clothing and equipmentas specified by the manufacturer and shall follow all local,state, and federal codes and safety regulations for buildingconstruction sites, for example, hard hats, safety gogglesrespiratory protection, and other safety items.6. Safety Precautions6.1 Pre-Installatio
27、n Inspections: New and Retrofit Build-ings:6.1.1 Inspect the roof, wall, ceiling, and floor buildingmaterials, in both steel and wood structures, to identify areas inwhich previous or existing moisture problems have causedpaint peeling, lumber warpage, staining, rusting, corrosion,visible fungal gro
28、wth, rotting, or other structural damage. Donot install the RBS in such areas until the owner/builder hasbeen informed and has certified that these conditions have beencorrected and the cause of the condition repaired.6.1.2 In areas where an RBS is to be installed, componentsof the electrical system
29、 shall be in good condition. When thereis reason to believe the electrical system is faulty, do not installRBS in such areas until the owner/builder has been informedand qualified inspection and repair has been accomplished.NOTE 1The CPSC Product Safety Fact Sheet No. 18 has identified thefollowing
30、signs of potential electrical deficiencies: lights dimming, fusesblowing, circuit breakers tripping frequently, electrical sparks and glowingfrom receptacles, lights flickering, and cover plates on switches andoutlets that are warm or hot to the touch.6.1.3 In areas where an RBS is to be installed,
31、the applicatorshall locate and plan for installation around ventilation open-ings. The applicator shall not install RBS that will obstruct orblock existing ventilation openings, such as gable ends, dor-mers, ridge, off ridge, soffit vents, or any others.6.2 Preparations:6.2.1 All electrical wiring a
32、t, or near, radiant barrier mate-rial attachment surfaces shall be either moved, or protected, toensure that fasteners used to install the radiant barrier materialwill not contact the electrical wiring system.6.2.2 When soffit ventilation exists in wood frame construc-tion, and new or existing ceili
33、ng insulation will be compro-mised by the installation of an RBS, vent baffles shall beinstalled at the soffits.7. Installation Guidelines7.1 Material Handling:7.1.1 The radiant barrier material shall be handled in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions, shall be kept dry,and shall not be i
34、n contact with the ground or sources of water.7.1.2 The radiant barrier material shall not be placed incontact with corrosive building materials.7.2 Performance Considerations:7.2.1 The performance of the RBS depends on adherence tomanufacturers specifications. Manufacturers installation in-structio
35、ns and all applicable building codes shall be followed.The manufacturer shall provide the product informationsheet(s) that specify the products intended use(s), applicationmethod(s), health and safety requirements, and material prop-erties per Specification C1313.7.2.2 The performance of the RBS is
36、dependent on thepresence of an open airspace adjacent to at least one low-emittance surface.7.2.3 The performance of the RBS will be adversely af-fected by foreign materials on the low-emittance surface.Before installation, foreign materials shall be removed usingmanufacturers instructions, taking c
37、are not to damage theradiant barrier material.7.2.4 The performance of a radiant barrier will be reducedby a corrosive environment. In some instances, severe pollut-ants react with the low-emittance surface causing an increase inC1744 122the emittance of the material. When such conditions exist, the
38、owner/builder shall be informed that these conditions have thepotential to result in material degradation and a decrease inRBS performance.7.2.5 In some instances, the performance of a radiant barrierwill be reduced by the presence of moisture on the low-emittance surface. Such conditions are potent
39、ially temporary orlong term and the manufacturer shall be consulted to determinethe applicability of RBS when these conditions are expected tooccur.7.2.6 The performance of the RBS will be adversely af-fected by the accumulation of dust over time on the low-emittance surface. RBS shall be installed
40、to avoid the settle-ment of dust on the radiant barrier surface. Dust is not aconcern on a downward facing RBS.7.2.7 Damaged areas will result in loss of performance andshall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.7.3 Precautions:7.3.1 In areas in which radiant barrier materi
41、als are to beinstalled, the applicator shall provide clearance around lightingfixtures, motors, fans, blowers, heaters, flues, chimneys, andother heat-producing electrical and mechanical devices.7.3.1.1 The applicator shall provide 3-in. (75-mm) mini-mum clearance around all sides of recessed lighti
42、ng fixturesunless such fixtures are approved for installation in directcontact with radiant barrier materials. Such fixtures includefixture wiring compartments, ballasts, and other heat-producing devices. These devices shall not be covered unlessthey are specifically approved for operation when cove
43、red.7.3.1.2 The applicator shall provide the minimum clear-ances specified in NFPA 54. Provide a 2-in. (50-mm) minimumclearance from the outside face of the masonry around masonrychimneys or masonry enclosing a flue. For vents, vent connec-tors, and chimneys other than masonry, provide minimumcleara
44、nces as specified in NAPA 211.7.3.1.3 The operative material of most RBS is a metallic foilor vapor deposition of a metal on a substrate. Therefore, thereis a potential for radiant barrier materials to provide anextremely high resistance to water vapor transmission. Radiantbarriers shall not be inst
45、alled so as to lead to moistureaccumulation and deterioration in the structure. Some radiantbarriers are produced to provide low resistance to water vaportransmission. High vapor permeable house wraps and perfo-rated products are examples.7.3.1.4 In wood or steel framed buildings (new or retreofit),
46、a perforated radiant barrier shall always be used when insula-tion is installed (warm-winter side), such as in the roof orsidewall installations (Fig. 9), in direct contact with the radiantbarrier (cold-winter side). When the radiant barrier is below, ornext to, an unfaced insulation, in the wall or
47、 roof (warm-winterside), a nonperforated radiant barrier shall be used.7.3.1.5 Regardless of construction type, all radiant barriermaterials that are installed with the low-emittance material(s)in direct contact with other metals shall be separated by anacceptable thermal break.7.4 Installation Requ
48、irements:7.4.1 Determine that the RBS material and installation meetthe following criteria:7.4.1.1 Testing and certificationThe materials shall meetall the requirements of Specification C1313 as well as complywith all certification and codes governing the use and installa-tion of radiant barriers.7.
49、4.1.2 VentilationIn all installation methods, regardlessof the type of framing or roofing, materials, or methods ofinstallation, inspect all ventilation openings and pathways to besure they are not blocked by the installation of the RBSsystems.7.4.1.3 Venting ratioTypically, a minimum net-free ven-tilation of not less than 1 ft2(0.09 m2) of vent area for each 150ft2(14 m2) of floor area (ground level only) be used in both newand retrofit construction whenever practical.Installation7.5 The installer or applicator shall install the RBS accord-ing to the manufa
