1、Designation: C 183 08Standard Practice forSampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 183; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and fo
3、r theamount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has beenmanufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-tion purposes only.1.2.1 A ton as used in this practice is 907 kg (200
4、0 lb).1.2.2 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement inSI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules forConversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI10, of measurement made in other units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, as
5、sociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C91 Specification for Masonry CementC 109/C 109M Test M
6、ethod for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion
7、of HydraulicCementC 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of HydraulicCementC 191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat Needle
8、C 204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity ofCement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)C 265 Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hy-drated Hydraulic Cement MortarC 266 Test Method for Time of Setti
9、ng of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore NeedlesC 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Ce-ment (Paste Method)C 452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to SulfateC 563 Test Method for Approximation of Optimum SO3inHydraulic Cement Using Compressive Stre
10、ngthC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC 1328 Specification for Plastic (Stucco) CementC
11、1329 Specification for Mortar CementE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ACI Standard:225.1R Guide to the Selection and Use of Hydraulic Ce-ments33. Terminology3.1 Definit
12、ions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lot (of cement)specific quantity of cement offeredfor inspection at any one time. A lot may be one or more1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of St
13、andards.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 183 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan
14、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Detailed requirements for this sieve are given in Specification E11.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
15、shohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.storage bins filled consecutively.Alot may also be the contentsof one or more transport units representing cement drawn fromthe same storage bin.3.1.2 reduced testing ratetest program that provides forthe testing of only two samples from any given lot of sampl
16、esobtained and prepared for testing at the normal rate asdescribed herein. The program utilizes probability factors andis so designed that when results from the two samples fulfill therequirements of the program it may be said with 95 %confidence that less than 5 % of the samples would be outsidethe
17、 specification limits.4. Significance and Use4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for usein the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it hasbeen manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They arenot intended as sampling procedures for quality control pur-poses during
18、 manufacturing. The testing procedures outlinedcover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidancefor reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cementswith requirements of purchase specifications.4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for samplingmasonry cement (Specification
19、C91), portland cement (Speci-fication C 150), blended hydraulic cement (SpecificationC 595), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C 845),plastic stucco cement (Specification C 1328), mortar cement(Specification C 1329), and hydraulic cement based on aperformance specification (Specification C 1
20、157).4.3 Most building codes and construction specificationsrequire that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet theapplicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications,such as Specifications C91, C 150, C 595, C 1157, C 1328,C 1329,orC 845. If the code or specification requires samp
21、lingof the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 areapplicable. Not much cement is sold on the basis of suchsampling and testing. A useful discussion of sampling andtesting cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be doneby or for purchasers of
22、hydraulic cement who are using a codeor specification that requires sampling and testing to determineif the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifica-tions. The testing is done using specified methods to determinewhether the samples yield test results that conform to thespecification, and
23、 the tests serve as a basis for acceptance orrejection of the lot of material sampled.4.5 It is neither intended nor required that all cements betested using all the test methods referenced in Section 2.5. Kinds and Size of Samples and by Whom Taken5.1 A cement sample secured from a conveyor, from b
24、ulkstorage, or from a bulk shipment in one operation, shall betermed a “grab sample.” A sample obtained during a 10-mininterval using an automatic sampling device that continuouslysamples a cement stream may also be termed a grab sample.Grab samples taken at prescribed intervals over a period oftime
25、 may be combined to form a “composite sample repre-sentative of the cement produced during that period of time.5.2 All samples, whether grab or composite, shall have amass of at least 5 kg (10 lb).5.3 The purchaser may designate a representative to super-vise the sampling, packing, and shipping of s
26、amples when it isso specified in the purchase contract.5.4 Package the samples in moisture-proof, airtight contain-ers numbered consecutively in the order in which the samplesare taken. The purchase contract shall state who will pay for thecosts of sampling, packaging, shipping and testing the sampl
27、es.NOTE 1Polyvinyl chloride sample containers, upon occasion, havebeen found to affect the air-entraining potential of a cement sample. Thesame problem might be experienced with containers made from otherplastics.6. Testing-Time Requirements for the Completion ofTests6.1 When tests of hydraulic ceme
28、nt are made at a laboratoryother than that of the cement manufacturer, the cement sam-pling schedule, sample transportation time, and sample testingschedule must be coordinated among the purchaser, the manu-facturer, and the testing laboratory so that the tests results willbe available when required
29、.6.2 The manufacturer of the cement shall make the cementavailable to be sampled for testing early enough before the timethe test results are needed so that at least the applicable timeintervals listed in 6.3 exist.6.3 When this has been done, the testing laboratory shallprovide test results not lat
30、er than the indicated number of daysafter sampling:Test Methods Time Interval, daysC 109/C 109M (1-day results), C114, C115, C 151,C 185,C 191, C 204, C 451, C 265, C 266, C 5638C 109/C 109M (3-day results) 10C 109/C 109M and C 186 (7-day results) 14C 227, C 452, and C 1012 (14-day results) 21C 109/
31、C 109M and C 186 (28-day results) 35C 157/C 157M (34-day results) 41C 227 (56-day results) 63C 227 (91-day results) 987. Sampling7.1 The cement may be sampled by any of the applicablemethods described in this section.7.1.1 From the Conveyor Delivering to Bulk StorageTakeone grab sample, having a mas
32、s of at least 5 kg (10 lb), atapproximately 6-h intervals.7.1.2 Transfer SamplingSample cement in storage whilethe cement is being transferred from one bin to another. Takeone grab sample from the transfer stream for each 360 Mg (400tons) of cement, or fraction thereof, but take no less than twograb
33、 samples and combine them to produce a compositesample.7.1.3 Other Sampling MethodsWhen neither of the abovesampling methods is applicable, samples may, when authorizedby the purchaser, be taken by one of the following methods:7.1.3.1 From Bulk Storage at Points of DischargeWithdraw cement from the
34、discharge openings in a steadystream until sampling is completed. Estimate the quantity ofcement in Mg to be withdrawn from one discharge opening as0.055 d33 0.2, where d is the depth in metres of cement abovethe discharge opening. If a high circular silo is being sampled,take all samples from one o
35、pening. If the quantity of theC183082cement in the bin exceeds 1100 Mg (1200 tons) when lowrectangular bins are being sampled, discharge openings em-ployed in the sampling shall be such that for no opening shallthe number of samples represent more than one half thecontents of the bin or more than 18
36、00 Mg (2000 tons). Insampling bulk storage at points of discharge, while the cementis flowing through the openings, take samples at such intervalsso that at least two grab samples shall be secured for each 360Mg (400 tons) in the bin or silo.7.1.3.2 From Bulk Storage and Bulk Shipment by Means ofa S
37、lotted Tube SamplerWhen the depth of the cement to besampled does not exceed 2.1 m (7 ft), obtain samples using aslotted tube sampler similar to that shown in Fig. 1. It shall bebetween 1.5 and 1.8 m (5 and 6 ft) long and approximately 35mm (138 in.) in outside diameter and consist of two polishedbr
38、ass telescopic tubes with registering slots that are opened orclosed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube beingprovided with a sharp point to facilitate penetration. Takesamples from well-distributed points and various depths of thecement so that the samples taken will represent the cementi
39、nvolved.7.1.3.3 From Packaged Cement by Means of TubeSamplerInsert the sampler, shown in Fig. 2, diagonally intothe valve of the bag and place the thumb over the air hole. Thenwithdraw the sampler. Take one sample from a bag in each 4.5Mg (5 tons) or fraction thereof.7.1.3.4 From Bulk Shipment of Ca
40、r or Truck:(a) (a) Single ShipmentIf only one car or truck is beingloaded and the loading is continuous and all from the samesource, take a 5-kg (10-lb) sample. If not continuous orunknown, combine five or more portions from different pointsin the load to form the test sample.(b) (b) Multiple Shipme
41、ntsWhen the shipment consists ofseveral cars or trucks loaded from the same source and on thesame day, sample the shipment at the rate of one sample foreach 90 Mg (100 tons) of cement or fraction thereof, but takenot less than two samples. Consider cement represented bysuch samples as a lot, and tes
42、t the samples in accordance withthe procedure outlined in the section on Amount of Testing.7.2 Protection of SamplesAs samples are taken, placethem directly in moisture-proof airtight containers to avoidmoisture absorption and aeration of the sample. If the samplesare placed in cans, fill the can co
43、mpletely and immediatelyseal. Use moisture-proof multiple-wall paper bags or plasticbags if they are strong enough to avoid breakage, and if theycan be sealed immediately after filling in such a manner as toeliminate excess air in the sample and avoid moisture absorp-tion and aeration of the sample.
44、 Samples shall be treated asdescribed in the section on Preparation of Sample.8. Preparation of Sample8.1 Before testing, pass each sample through an 850-m(No. 20) sieve,6or any other sieve having approximately thesame size openings, in order to mix the sample, break uplumps, and remove foreign mate
45、rial. Discard the foreignmaterials and hardened lumps that do not break up on sievingor brushing. Store the cement in airtight moisture-proof con-tainers to prevent aeration or absorption of moisture prior totest.9. Amount of Testing9.1 GeneralWhen required, the purchaser shall specifythe amount of
46、testing for heat of hydration (Test MethodC 186), alkali reactivity (Test Method C 227), and sulfateresistance (Test Method C 1012). Make all other tests onindividual grab or composite samples chosen as specifiedherein under Selection of Samples for Testing. Do only thosetests required by the applic
47、able specification.9.2 Normal TestingDetermine the number of samples tobe tested in accordance with Table 1. The normal testing rateshall be used under the following conditions:9.2.1 Before the quality history has been established,9.2.2 When no samples from a particular mill have beentested within a
48、 year,9.2.3 When the quality history is based entirely on datamore than two years old, and9.2.4 When it is deemed necessary to recalculate the criticallimit because of indicated lack of control as shown by thecontrol chart of the range.NOTE 2Random grab samples taken at inappropriate times, such asi
49、mmediately following the repair or adjustment of manufacturing equip-ment, or from inappropriate places, such as from the top surface of thematerial in a car, will not suitably reflect the properties of a cement, andtherefore should not be used as the basis for acceptance or rejection of alot of cement.9.3 Reduced TestingAfter the quality history has beenestablished, test at the reduced testing rate. If the results ofthese tests are within the critical range, make additional tests(total equal to the number of tests at the normal rate as shownin Table 1).FIG. 1 S
