1、2008年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The residents, _ had been damaged by the flood, got help from the Red Cross. （ A） all of whose homes （ B） all whose homes （ C） all their homes （ D） all of their homes 2 There is not very much experimental data_a decision between the two possibi
2、lities. （ A） which to be based on （ B） which to be based for （ C） to be based on for （ D） to be based for 3 The students in the dormitories were forbidden, unless they had special passes,_ after 11 p. m. （ A） staying out （ B） from staying out （ C） against staying out （ D） to stay out 4 The Governmen
3、t is _ the danger of lead pollution in our cities. （ A） going for （ B） counting on （ C） looking into （ D） turning up 5 _ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be as thriving as it is. （ A） Had it not been （ B） Be in not （ C） Were it not （ D） Should it not be 6 I ap
4、ologize if I _ you, but I assure you it was unintentional. （ A） offend （ B） should have offended （ C） had offended （ D） might have offended 7 Too much _ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. （ A） disclosure （ B） exhibition （ C） contact （ D） exposure 8 The remarkable _ o
5、f life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution. （ A） classification （ B） variety （ C） density （ D） diversion 9 Your improper words will give _ to doubts concerning your true intentions. （ A） rise （ B） reason （ C） suspicion （ D） impulse 10 _ prohibited in
6、 many countries. （ A） The hunting of certain rare animals （ B） The hunting of certain rare animals is （ C） Hunting certain rare animals are （ D） Hunting of certain rare animals are 11 Without the friction between the feet and the ground, people would _ be able to walk. （ A） in no time （ B） by all me
7、ans （ C） in no way （ D） on any account 12 The soil is part of the earth,_the atmosphere. （ A） as it is （ B） the same is （ C） so is （ D） and so is 13 The river is already_ its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood. （ A） parallel to （ B） level to （ C） flat
8、 on （ D） flush with 14 The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her _ attitude toward customers. （ A） impartial （ B） mild （ C） hostile （ D） opposing 15 Though _ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life. （ A） raised （ B） grow
9、n （ C） developed （ D） cultivated 16 The public opinion was that the time was not_ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones. （ A） reasonable （ B） ripe （ C） ready （ D） practical 17 The returns in the short_may be small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid. （
10、A） interval （ B） range （ C） span （ D） term 18 As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. （ A） neednt dress up （ B） did not need dress up （ C） did not need have dressed up （ D） neednt have dressed up 19 Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss _ the breadw
11、inners death. （ A） at the cost of （ B） on the verge of （ C） as a result of （ D） for the sake 20 People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in_populated areas. （ A） densely （ B） intensely （ C） abundantly （ D） highly 21 In the past, most foresters have been men, but toda
12、y, the number of women _this field is climbing. （ A） engaging （ B） devoting （ C） registering （ D） pursuing 22 Mrs. Green has been living in town only one year, yet she seems to be _ with everyone who comes to the store. （ A） accepted （ B） admitted （ C） admired （ D） acquainted 23 The bank manager ask
13、ed his assistant if it was possible for him to _ the investment plan within week. （ A） work out （ B） put out （ C） make out （ D） set out 24 There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees _ what constitutes a benefit to an individual. （ A） on （ B） with （ C） t
14、o （ D） in 25 Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can _ attack their trainer. （ A） unexpectedly （ B） deliberately （ C） reluctantly （ D） subsequently 26 Its _ in the regulation that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you. （ A） laid upon （ B） laid out （ C） laid up （ D） laid down 27 Jim isn
15、t _, but he did badly in the final exams last semester. （ A） gloomy （ B） dull （ C） awkward （ D） tedious 28 He stood_ among a thousand dimly imagined possibilities. （ A） faltering （ B） wavering （ C） pausing （ D） hesitating 29 You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting_you dont mind taking the
16、night train. （ A） provided （ B） unless （ C） though （ D） until 30 Professor Lees book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. （ A） that you have observed （ B） how that you have observed （ C） that how you have observed （ D） how what you have observed 二、 Cloze 30 Faces, like fingerprints, are un
17、ique. Did you【 C1】 _wonder how it is possible for us to【 C2】 _people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the【 C3】 _that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child 【 C4】 _an animal, such as a pigeon can learn to recognize faces. We all【 C5】 _this ability for grant
18、ed. We also tell people apart【 C6】_how they behave. When we talk about someones personality, we mean【 C7】_in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks, and feels that【 C8】 _that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality【
19、C9】 _words is somewhat easier than【 C10】 _his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face“ looked like, you【 C11】 _have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,“ you【 C12】 _begin to think about someone who was kind,【 C13】_. friendly, warm, and so forth.
20、There are many words to describe【 C14】 _a person thinks, feels, and acts. Gordon Allport,【 C15】 _U.S. psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words【 C16】 _differences in peoples behavior. And many of us use this information as a【 C17】 _for describing, or typing, a【 C18】 _. Hippies, book worm,【 C19
21、】 _, military types people are described with such【 C20】 _. 31 【 C1】 （ A） sometimes （ B） ever （ C） always （ D） anytime 32 【 C2】 （ A） spot （ B） locate （ C） know （ D） recognize 33 【 C3】 （ A） features （ B） character （ C） distinctions （ D） qualities 34 【 C4】 （ A） or even （ B） and also （ C） and then （ D）
22、 and too 35 【 C5】 （ A） have （ B） use （ C） take （ D） regard 36 【 C6】 （ A） in （ B） by （ C） from （ D） with 37 【 C7】 （ A） the manners （ B） the means （ C） the ways （ D） the patterns 38 【 C8】 （ A） causes （ B） cause （ C） makes （ D） make 39 【 C9】 （ A） with （ B） by （ C） in （ D） using 40 【 C10】 （ A） descripti
23、on of （ B） describing （ C） to describe （ D） describe 41 【 C11】 （ A） will （ B） would （ C） shall （ D） should 42 【 C12】 （ A） may （ B） can （ C） might （ D） will 43 【 C13】 （ A） considerate （ B） considerable （ C） considering （ D） concerned 44 【 C14】 （ A） why （ B） when （ C） how （ D） what 45 【 C15】 （ A） a （
24、B） an （ C） the ways （ D） that 46 【 C16】 （ A） characterizing （ B） characterize （ C） characterized （ D） to characterize 47 【 C17】 （ A） base （ B） foundation （ C） point （ D） criterion 48 【 C18】 （ A） person （ B） personality （ C） man （ D） woman 49 【 C19】 （ A） politicians （ B） conservatives （ C） speakers （
25、 D） scholars 50 【 C20】 （ A） nouns （ B） nicknames （ C） jargon （ D） terms 三、 Reading Comprehension 50 Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith(1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more tha
26、n placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreg
27、round and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910, he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced
28、 novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragment and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis form camera shot to camera shot. Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying th
29、e speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow such a story, Griffith persisted and experimented as well with other elements which
30、 have become standard ever since. Besides developing the cinemas language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early movies included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyso
31、n, and treatment of social issues. As his success mounted, his ambitions grew. When he made a new movie in 1991, he insisted that a subject of importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. One of his movies reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hours r
32、unning time. Griffiths introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution. 51 The primary purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of cinema （ B） describe the impact on cinema of the flashbacks and other editing innovati
33、ons （ C） document Griffiths impact on the choice of subject matter in American films （ D） deplore the state of American cinema before the Griffith 52 The author suggests that Griffiths film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following except _. （ A） film editing （ B） scene composing （ C）
34、camera work （ D） sound editing 53 It can be inferred form the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was_. （ A） 15 minutes or less （ B） between 30 and 45 minutes （ C） between 15 and 30 minutes （ D） one hour or more 54 It can be inferred that Griffith would be most likely to agree
35、 with which of the following statements? （ A） The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as possible. （ B） The most important element contributing to a films success is the ability of the actors. （ C） The camera should be considered an integral and active element in the creation
36、of a film. （ D） The cinema should emphasize serious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems. 55 The authors attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can be best described as _. （ A） sympathetic （ B） indifferent （ C） nostalgic （ D） condescending 55 Using popular athletes
37、 to endorse and pitch companies and their products has become commonplace in advertising. U.S. companies paid more than $1 billion to nearly 2,000 athletes for endorsement deals and licensing rights in 1996 a tenfold increase from just a decade ago. Nike alone spends more than $100 million a year on
38、 endorsement contracts. The average athlete on the Forbes super 40 list of top-earning athletes commands around $250,000 a year for a national endorsement. Superstar Michael Jordan, the athlete who makes the most from endorsements, considers only multiyear deals that pay at least $10 million. In add
39、ition to the endorsement fees, companies spend another $10 billion to advertise and promote their association to these athletes. While companies are investing huge sums of money into the concept that athletes make good promoter, they are also recognizing that choosing a celebrity endorser is no long
40、er a matter of personal taste and top-management whimsy. Several companies have been badly burned when their high-priced endorsers were involved in messy scandals and controversies. Hertz Corp. used O.J. Simpson as its spokesperson for 20 years and lost all of that equity when he was accused of murd
41、ering his ex-wife and her friend. Smaller companies face even greater risks when they entrust their name and image to an athlete. When Dallas Cowboys football star Michael Irvin was caught in a motel room with strippers and drugs, 13 Toyota dealerships that paid him $120,000 to do a series of commer
42、cials had little choice but to pull the ads and swallow the $400,000 in production costs. When Irvin refused to return his payment, as well as a $50,000 car the dealerships had lent him, they sued, the case settled out of court. Risk management has become a major consideration for companies consider
43、ing using athletes as endorsers. However, many marketers are willing to take chance on irreverent or rebellious athletes whose outlandish behavior draws attention to them. For example, basketball star Dennis Rodman has parlayed his bad image into endorsement contracts with Nike, McDonalds, Pizza Hut
44、, Comfort Inn, and Converse. Rodmans sponsors believe he appeals to the elusive Generation X market that these companies are trying to reach. However, Rodmans antics have become too much for some companies. The Carls Jr. fast-food chain temporarily suspended its relationship with Rodman in early 199
45、7 when he was suspended for kicking a courtside photographer during a game. Most companies are moving away from controversial athletes and looking for ones who will not just attract attention but enhance the image of the company or brand they are endorsing. Their goal is to achieve an endorsers halo
46、 effect a positive association that bathes the product in good vibes after a popular sports celebrity has pitched it. Marketers have discovered that there are a number of “nice guys“ available to endorse their products. Among them are tennis stars Pete Sampras and Michael Chang(who has emerged as th
47、e most popular athlete in Asia by far), San Francisco quarterback Steve Young, baseball iron man Cal Ripken Jr., Los Angeles Lakers basketball star Shaquille ONeal, hockey star Wayne Gretzky, and golfer Tiger Woods. Even former stars with likable personalities and images as positive role models are
48、still popular, including Arnold Palmer, Joe Montana, Jim Paler, Nolan Ryan, and Chris Evert. Perhaps nobody embodies the new breed of nice guy superstar better than basketball star Grant Hill. An Ail-American at Duke, he stayed all four years and graduated with his class. His father, Calvin, played football at Yale and was a star with the Dallas Cowboys. During his first two years in the NBA, Hill received more fan votes for a spot on the NBA All-Star team than any other player, including Michael Jordan. The biggest beneficiary of Grant Hills nonabrasive, good-humored, All-American image h
