1、2011年 12月国家公共英语（五级）笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 0 You will hear a talk about French elementary schools. As you listen, answer Quest
2、ions 1 to 10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk only once. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10.（ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE
3、（ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the minimum number of projects run by the SES annually? （ A） 45. （ B） 18. （ C） 12 （ D） 6 12 In which
4、 country is an SES project undertaken now? （ A） The UK. （ B） Ethiopia. （ C） The USA. （ D） Nepal. 13 What does the land-based support team intend to do? （ A） Explore the biodiversity along the Blue Nile. （ B） Map the Blue Nile Valley. （ C） Study endangered species in the valley. （ D） Improve infrastr
5、ucture for the locals. 14 How long was Ms. Bairs marriage? （ A） 20 years. （ B） 43 years. （ C） 55 years. （ D） 60 years. 15 According to the lawyer, what was the major concern for women who wanted to divorce? （ A） Inability to face reality. （ B） Inability to get legal service. （ C） Inability to live o
6、n their own. （ D） Inability to keep the house. 16 How did people feel after they got their late-life divorce? （ A） Ashamed. （ B） Isolated. （ C） Unwelcomed. （ D） Relieved. 17 How does Reeve feel in a crisis? （ A） Angry. （ B） Scared. （ C） Lost. （ D） Frustrated. 18 When did Reeve get his latest life-th
7、reatening infection? （ A） When he was taking a bike ride. （ B） After he got a minor injury on his left hip. （ C） When he was taking a blood test. （ D） Before he shot a movie in New Orleans. 19 What happened when Reeve was flying to Boston in 1985? （ A） There was lightning on the route. （ B） Oil was
8、leaking from the plane. （ C） The plane encountered a snowstorm. （ D） One engine of the plane broke down. 20 Why did Reeve tell the story about his flying trip? （ A） To demonstrate that he was not afraid of danger. （ B） To highlight the importance of professional training. （ C） To prove that fear can
9、 be controlled by rational thinking. （ D） To show that he could overcome difficulties with willpower. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided
10、 on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 20 You will hear an interview with Prof. Jesse Ausubel about his optimistic attitudes towards environmental issues today. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Que
11、stions 21 to 30 by writing no more than three words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the interview twice. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21 to 30.一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suit
12、able word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 For decades, posters depicting rabbits with inflamed, reddened eyes symbolized campaigns against the testing of cosmetics on animals. Now the most severe of those【 C1】 _are to be banned across the European Union. The so-called Draize tests are a se
13、ries of notorious procedures【 C2】 _involve applying cosmetics ingredients【 C3】 _the eyes and skin of live laboratory rabbits. The animals reactions are【 C4】 _to assess whether the【 C5】 _is an irritant or not. However, on April 27 the independent scientific advisory committee of the European Center f
14、or the Validation of Alternative Methods(ECVAM)approved a series of humane【 C6】 _. Two of these alternative tests use waste animal tissue reclaimed from slaughterhouses to replace live animals and test【 C7】 _ chemicals might severely irritate the eyes. Two more will 【 C8】 _live animals with in vitro
15、 cell cultures for determining whether【 C9】 _irritate the skin. A fifth alterative test, 【 C10】 _identify whether chemicals will cause skin allergies , will spare hundreds of thousands of mice a year. These humane alternatives have been available【 C11】 _commercial use for years, but to enforce their
16、 use, ECVAM has had to show they are as【 C12】 _as or better than the procedures on live animals they are to replace. Now【 C13】 _the committee has validated the alternatives, 【 C14】 _ will become illegal under the European Cosmetics Directive【 C15】 _cosmetic companies to continue to use live animals,
17、 and regulatory authorities in 【 C16】 _member state will be forced to outlaw their use. 【 C17】 _these changes, cosmetics companies will still be allowed to【 C18】_relatively mild chemicals on the eyes of live animals until further alternative tests are approved, or until 2009, 【 C19】 _most cosmetic t
18、ests on live animals will be banned in Europe, regardless of【 C20】 _alternatives have been approved or not. 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37 【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 P
19、art A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Englands binge-drinking habit is one of the most entrenched in Europe even Roman invaders wrote about it with horror. Many feared that the habit
20、would worsen after the relaxation of licensing hours last November. Doctors, academics and newspapers were joined in opposition by the police and judges, who warned that the reforms were “close to lunacy“. The government disagreed and abolished a restrictive regime first imposed during the First Wor
21、ld War by David Lloyd George, the prime minister, who wanted to prevent munitions workers from getting too drunk. While ministers never denied that Britons had an unhealthy attitude to liquor, they argued that much of the crime and disorder that blighted city streets at night was caused by hordes of
22、 drunkards rolling out of pubs and clubs at the same time and fighting for the same taxi home. They cited the wartime experience in Australia, where an early closing time had led to a phenomenon dubbed the “six oclocks swill“ , in which people drank themselves silly against the clock. The hope was t
23、hat, once hours were relaxed, Britons would adopt more civilised, continental habits, sipping delicately at glasses of Chablis rather than downing ten pints. Were the optimists or the pessimists right? Since the law was changed, around two-thirds of licensed premises have extended their opening time
24、s, most by an hour or so.(Fewer than 1 percent were granted a 24-hour licence.)That smoothed the lip. m. and 2 a. m. chuck-out peaks and filled in some of the troughs. Local authorities in several large, lively cities, including Birmingham, Nottingham and Manchester, report that the streets are no m
25、ore disorderly than before. One popular drinkers street in Birmingham has seen a dramatic drop in crime(although that may also be because businesses, fearing the worst, paid for street wardens). In London, most strikingly, there has not been a single month since the drinking laws were relaxed when m
26、ore violent crimes were recorded than in the same month a year earlier. That is also true in Westminster, where many of the capitals pubs and clubs are clustered. Overall levels of violence in the borough have fallen by 12 percent in the ten months since November 2005, compared with the same period
27、a year before. The police remain cautious about such positive signs, saying it is still too early to tell what effect liberalisation will have on crime. They point out that local forces have diverted time and money to police late-night drinking, and have been given extra cash by the government. That
28、 will run out on Christmas Eve, at which point things may become trickier. In the meantime, pessimists are marshalling new, more ambitious arguments. Martin Plant of the University of the West of England maintains that freer drinking can lead to long-term problems that are not immediately apparent.
29、Icelands capital, Reykjavik, softened drinking laws seven years ago. While policing became easier, more drunkards pitched up at hospital and drink-driving rates soared. 51 The following statements are true EXCEPT that （ A） the English indulgence in alcohol even horrified Roman invaders. （ B） the pol
30、ice and judges were in favor of the relaxation of licensing hours. （ C） the government did away with a law regulating drinking hours last year. （ D） World War I first saw the implementation of the law regulating drinking hours. 52 Why did the government want to reform the drinking-hour restrictions?
31、 （ A） To follow the example of Australia. （ B） To change Britons attitude to alcohol. （ C） To reduce the amount of alcohol consumed. （ D） To reduce crime rates caused by drinking. 53 What happens now in big cities? （ A） Hordes of drunkards flood out of pubs at 11p. m. and 2 a. m （ B） More licenses a
32、re granted to pubs and clubs. （ C） There are fewer criminal offences related to drinking. （ D） Things are different in London from other big cities. 54 The police hold the view that （ A） the changes are due to more police efforts rather than the reform. （ B） extension of drinking hours has produced
33、a negative outcome. （ C） the government obscures the truth by providing extra money. （ D） the success of the reform can only be guaranteed with more government input. 55 Those who do not see a good prospect of the drinking reform （ A） are trying to find more effective solutions. （ B） are convinced t
34、hat the reform will lead to more violent crimes. （ C） believe that there should be adequate medical service for the drunkards. （ D） believe that softened drinking laws may produce negative long-term effects. 55 The best estimate of humanitys ecological footprint suggests that it now exceeds the Eart
35、hs regenerative capacity by around 20 percent. This fact is mentioned early on in the latest book from Lester R. Brown. The subtitle of Plan B 2. 0 makes the bold claim of rescuing a planet under stress and a civilization in trouble. So will Browns Plan B work? The green movement divides broadly int
36、o two camps technological optimists and social revolutionaries. For every person like Brown proposing new ways to produce protein, there is an indigenous movement in a developing country struggling for land redistribution. Another divide is between those who see the biggest environmental problem as
37、population pressure in the developing South, and those who say it is consumption patterns in the rich North. When push comes to shove, Brown qualifies as a technological optimist who is worried about population. The giveaway is his eulogy to green techno-fixes, coupled with the fear of fast-growing
38、developing countries copying Western consumer lifestyles. His optimism, though, appears forced as he rolls out a depressing litany of statistics describing species extinction, water shortage, economic upheaval resulting from the eventual decline of oil production and, of course, climate change. And
39、his rescue plans? Shoehorned into Browns book is a section headed “Eradicating poverty, stabilizing population“. This relies heavily on the orthodox approach to human development that seeks to use aid to plug the income gap for poor countries. Enumerating the costs of attaining the United Nations Mi
40、llennium Development Goals on health, education and poverty reduction, Brown conveys a sense that a few new fiscal measures, combined with the goodwill of rich countries, will deliver. This is an approach that has been followed for the last three decades, and it has not worked. During the 1990s, the
41、 share of benefits from global economic growth reaching those living on less than a dollar a day fell by 73 percent, in spite of countless promises to end poverty. This is the problem with Plan B 2. 0. Browns picture of climate-change-induced chaos is terrifying and convincing. It includes the awful
42、 image of the worlds poorest people competing for food with an ever-hungrier bio-fuels industry, whose job will be to keep the developed worlds SUVs on the road as oil becomes ever more expensive and then runs out. The combination of industrial inertia and the influence of industry on lobbyists is m
43、aking this vision increasingly plausible. The poor get a bad deal because the world is run by the economic equivalent of gunboat diplomacy, as the recent World Tracie Organization talks showed. Technologically optimistic visions often have too much faith that change will flow from a rational discuss
44、ion about sensible policies, while tiptoeing around the real problems of power and politics. Even with Browns Plan B to tell us which renewable energy technologies to use and which resilient food crops to grow, we are going to need a way to deal with economic vested interests and the democratic defi
45、cit in global financial institutions that excludes the poor. For that, we need Plan C. 56 What is the issue that Brown tries to address in his newly published book? （ A） The worlds population has increased by 20 percent. （ B） Human activities have gone beyond what the earth is able to sustain. （ C）
46、Human beings have developed in a certain ecological pattern. （ D） The green movement has failed to produce needed environmental changes. 57 Brown believes that the spread of consumerism to less developed countries has （ A） led to land shortage and redistribution. （ B） narrowed down the difference in
47、 lifestyle. （ C） contributed to environmental deterioration. （ D） increased high-protein food consumption. 58 Talking about Browns dismal picture of environmental degradation, the author thinks that （ A） his optimism does not seem to be well-grounded. （ B） too many depressing statistics were listed
48、in his book. （ C） his description of the environmental problems lacks a focus. （ D） he is trying to force his optimism on the readers. 59 The phrase “gunboat diplomacy“(line 6, para. 4)means （ A） to deal with industrial relations in the automobile sector by way of lobbying. （ B） to threaten to use f
49、orce to make a smaller country agree to your demand. （ C） to negotiate within the WTO framework in dealing with bilateral relations. （ D） to use military force to settle international trade disputes. 60 Why does the author say that “we need a Plan C“? （ A） Because new sensible policies may bring about positive changes. （ B） Because the gap between the rich and poor should be narrowed. （ C） Because new technologies and crops can be introduced under this plan. （ D） Bec
