1、2011年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is_by the shortage of the information media. （ A） compounded （ B） highlighted （ C） minimized （ D） dwarfed 2 Some innovations were introduced when conditio
2、ns_ the shift in the curriculum towards communicative goals is broadly associated with two major movements. （ A） grew （ B） adjusted （ C） allowed （ D） matured 3 In his book on biotechnology, Rifkin_that “for now, the most important issue at hand is to make the new science and technology an issue of c
3、onsiderable public attention.“ （ A） hypothesizes （ B） maintains （ C） mandates （ D） speculates 4 She complained that she had been_the opportunity to appeal against the courts decision. （ A） deprived （ B） denied （ C） delayed （ D） declined 5 The conference appealed to the international community to joi
4、ntly_the issue of global warming. （ A） maneuver （ B） conspire （ C） testify （ D） address 6 Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical_. （ A） facilities （ B） appliances （ C） instruments （ D） equipment 7 Under the teachers stern_, the little boy broke down and confessed to cheating. （ A）
5、glance （ B） glimpse （ C） gaze （ D） stare 8 She sounded so_that everyone present believed her story. （ A） persuading （ B） convincing （ C） influencing （ D） actual 9 It was rather_of them to have left all the housework for their mother to do. （ A） inconsiderate （ B） inconsistent （ C） unthinking （ D） un
6、friendly 10 You are required to fill out this form and_it to the officer at that counter. （ A） yield （ B） submit （ C） commit （ D） offer 11 “May I use your dictionary for a while?“ “_. You are welcome to use anything of mine.“ （ A） By and by （ B） By all means （ C） By no means （ D） By and large 12 Jul
7、y was approaching, but the student was not sure what to_after graduation. （ A） take down （ B） take in （ C） take up （ D） take over 13 All the three TV channels provide extensive_of sports events. （ A） vision （ B） coverage （ C） broadcast （ D） network 14 Mark is very set in his way, but John has a more
8、_attitude towards life. （ A） changeable （ B） shifted （ C） flexible （ D） fluid 15 _that everyone couldnt help laughing at the sight of him. （ A） So absurd did he look （ B） He looked so absurd （ C） So he looked absurd （ D） So he did look absurd 16 Computers are_much part of everyones lives now that it
9、s difficult to imagine what people would do without them. （ A） such （ B） so （ C） very （ D） as 17 I will briefly discuss the benefits_I feel have resulted from the project. （ A） which （ B） those （ C） of which （ D） what 18 The social worker claimed that it was impossible for the old man to live on his
10、_pension. （ A） maximal （ B） massive （ C） measurable （ D） meagre 19 Her travels have_her belief that no country is better or worse than any other. （ A） secured （ B） enforced （ C） established （ D） confirmed 20 He has been hoping for a raise for the last four months but his boss is_to give him one. （ A
11、） shrewd （ B） reluctant （ C） sceptic （ D） rigorous 21 According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically_to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy. （ A） practical （ B） flexible （ C） feasible （ D） beneficial 22 I hope you are not_that I obtained this money disho
12、nestly. （ A） implying （ B） involving （ C） deducing （ D） denoting 23 We must_the problem of poverty as soon as possible. （ A） abolish （ B） tackle （ C） remove （ D） encounter 24 Dont leave your bicycle out in the rain. Itll get_. （ A） rusty （ B） crude （ C） rough （ D） tough 25 Life insurance is financia
13、l protection for dependents against loss_the bread-winners death. （ A） at the cost of （ B） on the verge of （ C） as a result of （ D） for the sake of 26 At the beginning of this semester, our English teacher_a list of books for us to read. （ A） passed on （ B） fished out （ C） handed in （ D） made out 27
14、 Einsteins special Theory of Relativity is quite_me. （ A） out of （ B） beyond （ C） from （ D） over 28 This refrigerator we bought last week is_satisfactory. （ A） by all means （ B） by any means （ C） by no means （ D） by some means 29 The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish a
15、n effective national government while preserving_for the states and liberty for individuals. （ A） autonomy （ B） dignity （ C） monopoly （ D） stability 30 The mail was_for two days because of the snowstorm. （ A） held back （ B） held out （ C） held up （ D） held on 二、 Cloze 30 A number of books like Readin
16、g Faces and Body Language have【 C1】 _the individuals tendency to broadcast things through all manner of【 C2】 _movement and facial gymnastics. Such matters, made widely familiar by pop sociology, anthropology and psychology, have become the stuff of common conversation. Michael Kordas Power! How to G
17、et It, How to Use It, is mainly a primer in how to【 C3】_others by a cold-blooded control of【 C4】 _signals that occur commonly in the workaday world: for example, how executives signal their style of power【 C5】_the clothes they choose and the way they【 C6】 _their office furniture. 【 C7】 _work or play
18、, everybody emits wordless signals of infinite variety. Overt, like a warm smile. Spontaneous, like a【 C8】 _eyebrow Involuntary, like leaning away from a salesperson to【 C9】 _a deal. Says Julius Fast in Body Language: “We rub our noses for puzzlement. We【 C10】 _our arms to【 C11】_ourselves or to prot
19、ect ourselves. We【 C12】 _our shoulders for indifference.“ Any competent psychiatrist remains alert to the expressions by which a patients hidden emotions make【 C13】 _known. People even signal by the odors they【 C14】 _, as Janet Hopson【 C15】 _in superfluous detail in Scent Signals: The Silent Languag
20、e of Sex. Actually, it is impossible for an individual to【 C16】 _signaling other people; the person who mutely【 C17】 _human intercourse sends out an unmistakable signal in the form of utter silence. Sociologist Dane Arche calls reading such signals “social intelligence.“ He said, “We must unshackle
21、ourselves from the tendency to ignore silent behavior and to prefer words【 C18】 _everything else.“ The evidence all over is that【 C19】 _people wander the earth through thickets of verbiages, many, perhaps most, do pay more attention to wordless signals and are more likely to be influenced and【 C20】
22、_by nonverbal messages. 31 【 C1】 （ A） concerned （ B） explored （ C） indicated （ D） written 32 【 C2】 （ A） body （ B） individual （ C） physical （ D） visible 33 【 C3】 （ A） manipulate （ B） convey （ C） communicate （ D） dominate 34 【 C4】 （ A） obvious （ B） accepted （ C） nonverbal （ D） subtle 35 【 C5】 （ A） by
23、（ B） of （ C） in （ D） with 36 【 C6】 （ A） exhibit （ B） arrange （ C） purchase （ D） employ 37 【 C7】 （ A） Upon （ B） In （ C） During （ D） At 38 【 C8】 （ A） elaborated （ B） confined （ C） revised （ D） raised 39 【 C9】 （ A） embrace （ B） resist （ C） clutch （ D） extinguish 40 【 C10】 （ A） clasp （ B） stretch （ C） a
24、rouse （ D） conceal 41 【 C11】 （ A） amuse （ B） fortify （ C） isolate （ D） maintain 42 【 C12】 （ A） lift （ B） revert （ C） dedicate （ D） shrug 43 【 C13】 （ A） him （ B） them （ C） himself （ D） themselves 44 【 C14】 （ A） spread out （ B） evoke out （ C） giveoff （ D） depend on 45 【 C15】 （ A） documents （ B） preach
25、es （ C） describes （ D） dramatizes 46 【 C16】 （ A） permeate （ B） avoid （ C） reckon （ D） ignore 47 【 C17】 （ A） guards against （ B） restrains from （ C） integrates with （ D） withdraws from 48 【 C18】 （ A） above （ B） over （ C） beyond （ D） upon 49 【 C19】 （ A） before （ B） though （ C） while （ D） whether 50 【
26、C20】 （ A） fabricated （ B） transformed （ C） apprehended （ D） governed 三、 Reading Comprehension 50 Changeor the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environmentis essential to evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: He can move to another place and ma
27、ster the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can not adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There m
28、ust be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement backwards, which is decay and deterioration. In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide(without insisting that its path is the only one), it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to ta
29、ke a step forward, and thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol(偶像、崇拜 )of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of ch
30、ange and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure. The better course is to adopt the help which tradition can give but, realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing
31、world. 51 The author maintains that if we want to get along with the world_. （ A） industry must be developed at the expense of farmland （ B） farmers must try to get some job training （ C） trade and defense are essential （ D） change is indispensable 52 The farmers case in Para. 1 is given as an examp
32、le of_. （ A） the trend of economic development （ B） the course of human evolution （ C） the need of adaptability （ D） the importance of social change 53 “The hunter and the nervous hostess“ in Para. 2 are referring to people who_. （ A） are ignorant and uninformed （ B） are well aware of customs limita
33、tions （ C） become an obstacle on the path of progress （ D） constitute the force for good 54 The author warns us that_. （ A） it is misleading to accept tradition as a guide （ B） excessive devotion to tradition may bring us troubles （ C） we must accept the guidance tradition offers us （ D） tradition i
34、s obstacle lying on the path of change 55 This passage manly discusses the relationship between_. （ A） industry and agriculture （ B） evil tradition and good tradition （ C） man and the changing world （ D） tradition and change 55 The establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 19
35、69 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident. McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to public awareness dedicated to nature and the weak ecosystem that makes up it. The days events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of th
36、e planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet for the present and long into the future. The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated “Thi
37、s is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earth reminding us of Earths beautiful systems of balance which humanity has partially upset and must restore.“ Earth Day was established as a national day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations i
38、n 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970, twenty million participants nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in 2,000 communities
39、 and 12, 000 college and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was industrial pollution and its effect on the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the health of the planet we live in. Those celebrations led to powerful public outcries for legislation mandating ecologically s
40、ound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution. Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into all aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Whether it comes from vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public concern and acti
41、vism continue with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem. Earth Day activities are supported and sponsored by a large network of organizations, government agencies, businesses, universities, and institutions. They work diligently each year
42、 to make Earth day events meaningful and relevant to the inhabitants of Planet Earth. The regular observance of this holiday fixes environmental values into the national consciousness and provides an opportunity to introduce environmental issues into schools, media and public events. It should be no
43、ted that Earth Day activities have been instrumental in bringing about many of the significant environmental changes that have taken place in the last three decades. 56 This passage is mainly concerned with_. （ A） how to start a national holiday （ B） when the Earth day was introduced （ C） the reason
44、s for establishing the Earth Day （ D） the origin and movement of the Earth Day 57 According to the passage, on March 21,_. （ A） the board accepted the proposal of McConnell （ B） the United Nations declared an Earth Day celebration （ C） day and night are equally divided throughout the world （ D） the
45、earth is at its most beautiful moment throughout the year 58 Which of the following dates is definitely an international Earth Day? （ A） October 1,1969. （ B） March 21, 1970. （ C） April 22, 1970. （ D） March 21, 1972. 59 Which of the following statements is correct? （ A） Only college students and scho
46、lars participated in the activities on the first Earth Day. （ B） The movement has grown from concern over industrial pollution to all kinds of environmental pollution. （ C） Some people cry for the abandonment of all vehicles and agriculture because of their pollution. （ D） A sustainable and enduring
47、 ecosystem should be maintained at the cost of housing and private property. 60 It can be concluded that_. （ A） many organizations and businesses suffer vast losses as a result of Earth Day campaign （ B） people have learned to use Earth Day activities as instrument to acquire what they want （ C） sup
48、porters work hard to make the whole nation aware of Earth Day events by publicizing them in media （ D） Earth Day activities have succeeded in changing our environment over the past years 60 Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval
49、worlds, while during the fifteen century the term “reading“ undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of facto
