1、2013年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 A good teacher must know how to_his students to work hard at the subject he teaches. （ A） mortify （ B） motivate （ C） multiply （ D） muster 2 We need all information_to the economic aspects of that companys activities. （ A） perceptible （ B） perta
2、ining （ C） periodic （ D） persistent 3 Our hotel can_double the number of guests participating in your conference. （ A） ascribe （ B） accommodate （ C） assert （ D） avert 4 Most adults do not feel_to deal with a medical emergency involving a child. （ A） compatible （ B） considerate （ C） competent （ D） co
3、nfidential 5 All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons _ slowly into the sky. （ A） ascending （ B） elevating （ C） floating （ D） lingering 6 Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their_ and the importance you place upon the r
4、elationship. （ A） solidarity （ B） priority （ C） superiority （ D） hospitality 7 It was a very difficult examination, _he passed it with distinction. （ A） consequently （ B） moreover （ C） nevertheless （ D） likewise 8 He is a/ an_and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too l
5、ittle. （ A） obedient （ B） transient （ C） conscious （ D） passionate 9 He is the only person who can _ in this case because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously. （ A） testify （ B） charge （ C） accuse （ D） rectify 10 As the details of the project were rather vague, we decided to_the proposal. （
6、A） reclaim （ B） resign （ C） reject （ D） resemble 11 It is from the earliest times_men have studied the world around them with interest. （ A） which （ B） where （ C） how （ D） that 12 _we had not made any mistakes in the calculations! （ A） But for （ B） If only （ C） Let （ D） Without 13 How difficult it i
7、s_the modern world without oil. （ A） imagining （ B） imagined （ C） to imagine （ D） having imagined 14 Man is superior to animals_he uses language to convey his thoughts. （ A） that （ B） in that （ C） when （ D） in which 15 Reading_the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what
8、 we read ours. （ A） rectifies （ B） prolongs （ C） minimizes （ D） furnishes 16 _a position with the company, I would have shown myself at the reception. （ A） Had I （ B） Have I （ C） Should I （ D） Had I had 17 Most of what Bill said was_; only one or two minor points he made were not closely connected w
9、ith the matter being discussed. （ A） reliable （ B） relative （ C） related （ D） relating 18 I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs twice_. （ A） as much （ B） so much （ C） that much （ D） too much 19 Young drivers under 25 have the highest number of accidents while those over 50 have_. （ A
10、） the less （ B） the least （ C） the fewer （ D） the fewest 20 Fred always_doing the washing-up by saying that he is busy working in the garden. （ A） gets out of （ B） gets over with （ C） gets rid of （ D） gets through with 21 If you think you can do my job better than I can, you are welcome to_. （ A） ta
11、ke it down （ B） take it up （ C） take it over （ D） take it in 22 Without a doubt, _the key issue in the Presidents campaign. （ A） is taxation going to be （ B） is going taxation to be （ C） is going to be taxation （ D） taxation is going to be 23 Catherine wont mind if you_her workload she needs the ext
12、ra money. （ A） amount to （ B） add to （ C） put up （ D） go on 24 The exchange of goodwill mission greatly _ a better understanding between the two countries. （ A） carries out （ B） brings around （ C） breaks out （ D） contributes to 25 _the assignments are turned in before the end of this week. （ A） See
13、it that （ B） Make it sure that （ C） Assure that （ D） See that 26 Light waves and heat waves are all electromagnetic. _are radio waves. （ A） Some （ B） Such （ C） As （ D） So 27 Every object in the universe,_large or small, has a tendency to move towards every other object. （ A） how （ B） so （ C） be it （
14、 D） whether being 28 Have a word with the manager_if hes willing to reduce the price. （ A） and to see （ B） and see （ C） and seeing （ D） so to see 29 I think we_buy this one. Were not going to find anything cheaper. （ A） may as well （ B） would like （ C） may well （ D） can possibly 30 In a few days you
15、ll be_by one of our staff and asked to complete a quick questionnaire. （ A） touched （ B） contacted （ C） connected （ D） associated 二、 Cloze 30 Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.【 C1】 _that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for
16、 rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still【 C2】 _in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U. S. history, on【 C3】_TV. Anyone who didnt know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made【 C4】 _worse by our willful blindnes
17、s to risk as much as our【 C5】 _to work together before everything goes to hell. Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the【 C6】 _condition. In A. D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work【 C7】 _, in the same spot until they were buri
18、ed altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a【 C8】 _of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at【 C9】 _themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we【 C10】 _did about the dangers we face. But it turns【 C11】 _that in times of crisis
19、, our greatest enemy is【 C12】_the storm, the quake or the【 C13】 _itself. More often, it is ourselves. So what has happened in the year that【 C14】 _the disaster on the Gulf Coast? In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls
20、to【 C15】 _they were before Katrina, more or less. Thats not【 C16】 _, we can now say with confidence. But it may be all【 C17】 _can be expected from one year of hustle. Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to【 C18】 _the sick and the disabled. The city estimates
21、that 15,000 people will need a【 C19】 _out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The【 C20】 _with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult. 31 【 C1】 （ A） To （ B） By （ C） On （ D） For 32 【 C2】 （ A） fresh （ B） obvious （ C） apparent （ D） evident 33 【
22、C3】 （ A） visual （ B） vivid （ C） live （ D） lively 34 【 C4】 （ A） little （ B） less （ C） more （ D） much 35 【 C5】 （ A） reluctance （ B） rejection （ C） denial （ D） decline 36 【 C6】 （ A） natural （ B） world （ C） social （ D） human 37 【 C7】 （ A） revising （ B） refining （ C） rebuilding （ D） retrieving 38 【 C8】 （
23、 A） review （ B） reminder （ C） concept （ D） prospect 39 【 C9】 （ A） preparing （ B） protesting （ C） protecting （ D） prevailing 40 【 C10】 （ A） never （ B） ever （ C） then （ D） before 41 【 C11】 （ A） up （ B） down （ C） over （ D） out 42 【 C12】 （ A） merely （ B） rarely （ C） incidentally （ D） accidentally 43 【 C
24、13】 （ A） surge （ B） spur （ C） surf （ D） splash 44 【 C14】 （ A） ensued （ B） traced （ C） followed （ D） occurred 45 【 C15】 （ A） which （ B） where （ C） what （ D） when 46 【 C16】 （ A） enough （ B） certain （ C） conclusive （ D） final 47 【 C17】 （ A） but （ B） as （ C） that （ D） those 48 【 C18】 （ A） exile （ B） eva
25、cuate （ C） dismiss （ D） displace 49 【 C19】 （ A） ride （ B） trail （ C） path （ D） track 50 【 C20】 （ A） conventions （ B） notifications （ C） communications （ D） negotiations 三、 Reading Comprehension 50 Is happiness proportional to income to the money a person has? Is a man with two rooms and loaves of br
26、ead happier than a man with only one of each? Clearly poverty and destitution(that is, having no room and no bread)do produce unhappiness. Obviously, men need money to buy the necessities of life. But this presents another question. How many rooms and how many loaves of bread(and thus how much money
27、)does a man need? Most people in the Western world can satisfy a minimal requirement for the necessities of life, but they still desire to increase their incomes to buy more and more material possessions and status symbols. Why? The answer may be that as things are today, if a man is not rich, admir
28、ation and respect are not given him by other people. Accordingly this may be the chief reason why people wish to be richer and richer, as the actual goods or possessions play a secondary part to the envy or admiration that this wealth brings them. This veneration from other people may be a greater s
29、ource of happiness than the money or possessions themselves. This has not, however, always been true. In aristocratic ages men were admired for their birth and breeding. In other ages men would not have been respected if they had not proved their artistic excellence or learning. In India, for exampl
30、e, poor and saintly men are respected, and in China, the old and wise. In such circles many men are, as long as they have enough to live on, indifferent to money. They value more and are happier with the respect they merit for other reasons. The modern desire for wealth is not inherent in human natu
31、re, and varies with social values. If, by law, we all had exactly the same income, we should have to find some other way of being superior to our peers, as most of our craving for material possessions would cease. Thus a general increase of wealth gives no competitive advantage to an individual and
32、therefore brings him no competitive happiness. 51 Which of the following is the authors point in the first paragraph? （ A） The more one earns, the more he wants. （ B） Rooms and bread are the only sources of happiness. （ C） One cant be happy without money. （ D） Poor people need money to buy the neces
33、sities of life. 52 Most people in the Western world_. （ A） are not content with what they possess （ B） are not sure how many rooms they want （ C） are satisfied with having minimal necessities of life （ D） consider happiness most important in life 53 According to the author, people seeking wealth are
34、 actually in pursuit of_. （ A） goods （ B） scholarship （ C） wisdom （ D） veneration 54 In India, people generally respect those who are_. （ A） old and wise （ B） of high breeding （ C） poor and holy （ D） artistically excellent 55 The author suggests that Man would cease chasing after money if_. （ A） he
35、were not born with the desire for it （ B） social values were emphasized （ C） it did not carry sense of superiority with it （ D） laws were established to forbid all forms of competition 55 The crucial years of the Depression, as they are brought into historical focus, increasingly emerge as the decis
36、ive decade for American art, if not for American culture in general. For it was during this decade that many of the conflicts which had blocked the progress of American art in the past came to a head and sometimes boiled over. Janus-faced, the thirties look backward, sometimes as far as the Renaissa
37、nce; and at the same time forward, as far as the present and beyond. It was the moment when artists, like Thomas Hart Benton, who wished to turn back the clock to regain the virtues of simpler times came into direct conflict with others, like Stuart Davis and Frank Lloyd Wright, who were ready to co
38、me to terms with the Machine Age and to deal with its consequences. America in the thirties was changing rapidly. In many areas the past was giving way to the present, although not without a struggle. A predominantly rural and small town society was being replaced by the giant complexes of the big c
39、ities; power was becoming increasingly centralized in the federal government and in large corporations. Many Americans, deeply attached to the old way of life, felt disinherited. At the same time, as immigration decreased and the population became more homogeneous, the need arose in art and literatu
40、re to commemorate the ethnic and regional differences that were fast disappearing. Thus, paradoxically, the conviction that art, at least, should serve some purpose or carry some message of moral uplift grew stronger as the Puritan ethos lost its contemporary reality. Often this elevating message wa
41、s a sermon in favor of just those traditional American virtues which were now threatened with obsolescence in a changed social and political context. In this new context, the appeal of the paintings by the regionalists and the American Scene painters often lay in their ability to recreate an atmosph
42、ere that glorified the traditional American values self-reliance tempered with good-neighborliness, independence modified by a sense of community, hard work rewarded by a sense of order and purpose. Given the actual temper of the times, these themes were strangely anachronistic, just as the rhetoric
43、 supporting political isolationism was equally inappropriate in an international situation soon to involve America in a second world war. Such themes gained popularity because they filled a genome need for a comfortable collective fantasy of a Godfearing, white-picket-fence America, which in retrosp
44、ect took on the nostalgic appeal of a lost Golden Age. In this light, an autonomous art-for-arts sake was viewed as a foreign invader liable to subvert the native American desire for a purposeful art. Abstract art was assigned the role of the villainous alien; realism was to personify the genuine Am
45、erican means of expression. The arguments drew favor in many camps: among the artists, because most were realists; among the politically oriented intellectuals, because abstract art was apolitical; and among museum officials, because they were surfeited with mediocre imitations of European modernism
46、 and were convinced that American art must develop its own distinct identity. To help along this road to self-definition, the museums were prepared to set up an artificial double standard, one for American art, and another for European art. In 1934, Ralph Hint wrote in Art News, “ We have today in o
47、ur midst a greater array of what may be called second-, third-, and fourth string artists than any other country. Our big annuals are marvelous outpourings of intelligence and skill; they have all the diversity and animation of a fine-ring circus. “ 56 According to the passage, in the 1930s, abstrac
48、t art was seen as_. （ A） uniquely America （ B） uniquely European （ C） imitative of European modernism （ D） counter to American regionalism 57 The second paragraph deals mainly with in America_. （ A） the rapid growth of urban population （ B） the impact of industrialization on rural life （ C） the disappearance of traditional values （ D） the changing scenes in religion and politics 58 According to the passage, the best word to describe America in the 1930s would be_. （ A） reactionary （ B） consistent （ C） dynamic （ D） melancholic 59 “The artificial standard“(Para 4)refers to the differen
