1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 1 A recent spate of launching and operating mishaps with television satellites led to a corresponding surge in claims against companies underwriting satellite insurance. As a result, insurance premiums shot up, making satellites more expensive to launch and operate. Thi
2、s, in turn, has added to the pressure to squeeze more performance out of currently operating satellites. Which of the following, if true, taken together with the information above, best supports the conclusion that the cost of television satellites will continue to increase? （ A） Since the risk to i
3、nsurers of satellites is spread over relatively few units, insurance premiums are necessarily very high. （ B） When satellites reach orbit and then fail, the causes of failure are generally impossible to pinpoint with confidence. （ C） The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more
4、 frequently those satellites break down. （ D） Most satellites are produced in such small numbers that no economies of scale can be realized. （ E） Since many satellites are built by unwieldy international consortia, inefficiencies are inevitable. 2 Affirmative action is good business. So asserted the
5、 National Association of Manufacturers while urging retention of an executive order requiring some federal contractors to set numerical goals for hiring minorities and women. “Diversity in work force participation has produced new ideas in management, product development, and marketing, “ the associ
6、ation claimed. The association s argument as it is presented in the passage above would be most strengthened if which of the following were true? （ A） The percentage of minority and women workers in business has increased more slowly than many minority and womens groups would prefer. （ B） Those busi
7、nesses with the highest percentages of minority and women workers are those that have been the most innovative and profitable. （ C） Disposable income has been rising as fast among minorities and women as among the population as a whole. （ D） The biggest growth in sales in the manufacturing sector ha
8、s come in industries that market the most innovative products. （ E） Recent improvements in management practices have allowed many manufacturers to experience enormous gains in worker productivity. 3 If the airspace around centrally located airports were restricted to commercial airliners and only th
9、ose private planes equipped with radar, most of the private-plane traffic would be forced to use outlying airfields. Such a reduction in the amount of private-plane traffic would reduce the risk of midair collision around the centrally located airports. Which of the following, if true, would most st
10、rengthen the conclusion drawn in the second sentence? （ A） Commercial airliners are already required by law to be equipped with extremely sophisticated radar systems. （ B） Centrally located airports are experiencing overcrowded airspace primarily because of sharp increases in commercial-airline traf
11、fic. （ C） Many pilots of private planes would rather buy radar equipment than be excluded from centrally located airports. （ D） The number of midair collisions that occur near centrally located airports has decreased in recent years. （ E） Private planes not equipped with radar systems cause a dispro
12、portionately large number of midair collisions around centrally located airports. 4 Bats emit sounds and generally use the echoes of these sounds highly efficiently to detect, locate, and catch their prey. However, it is claimed that the characteristic efficiency of this process is reduced by moths
13、able to hear the sounds emitted by insect-eating bats. Which of the following statements, if true, best supports the claim above? （ A） Those moths that cannot hear the sounds emitted by insect-eating bats live longer on the average than those that can hear such sounds when both kinds of moth are in
14、an environment continuously free of such bats. （ B） Those moth species that cannot hear the sounds emitted by insect-eating bats are among the species of insects that are most likely to be caught by such bats. （ C） When a moth changes its speed or direction of flight, there is a change in the sound
15、pattern generated by the moths wing movements. （ D） Moth species that can hear the sounds emitted by insect-eating bats are less likely to be caught by such bats than are moth species that cannot hear these sounds. （ E） Moths that are capable of hearing the sounds emitted by insect-eating bats diffe
16、r in their abilities to use evasive action to escape capture by such bats. 5 Two decades after the Emerald River Dam was built, none of the eight fish species native to the Emerald River was still reproducing adequately in the river below the dam. Since the dam reduced the annual range of water temp
17、erature in the river below the dam from 50 degrees to 6 degrees, scientists have hypothesized that sharply rising water temperatures must be involved in signaling the native species to begin the reproductive cycle. Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the scientists hypo
18、thesis? （ A） The native fish species were still able to reproduce only in side streams of the river below the dam where the annual temperature range remains approximately 50 degrees. （ B） Before the dam was built, the Emerald River annually overflowed its banks, creating backwaters that were critica
19、l breeding areas for the native species of fish. （ C） The lowest recorded temperature of the Emerald River before the dam was built was 34 degrees, whereas the lowest recorded temperature of the river after the dam was built has been 43 degrees. （ D） Nonnative species of fish, introduced into the Em
20、erald River after the dam was built, have begun competing with the declining native fish species for food and space. （ E） Five of the fish species native to the Emerald River are not native to any other river in North America. 6 In recent years shrimp harvests of commercial fishermen in the South At
21、lantic have declined dramatically in total weight. The decline is due primarily to competition from a growing number of recreational fishermen, who are able to net young shrimp in the estuaries where they mature. Which of the following regulatory actions would be most likely to help increase the shr
22、imp harvests of commercial fishermen? （ A） Requiring commercial fishermen to fish in estuaries. （ B） Limiting the total number of excursions per season for commercial fishermen. （ C） Requiring recreational fishermen to use large-mesh nets in their fishing. （ D） Putting an upper limit on the size of
23、the shrimp recreational fishermen are allowed to catch. （ E） Allowing recreational fishermen to move out of estuaries into the South Atlantic. 7 Toughened hiring standards have not been the primary cause of the present staffing shortage in public schools. The shortage of teachers is primarily caused
24、 by the fact that in recent years teachers have not experienced any improvements in working conditions and their salaries have not kept pace with salaries in other professions. Which of the following, if true, would most support the claims above? （ A） Many teachers already in the profession would no
25、t have been hired under the new hiring standards. （ B） Today more teachers are entering the profession with a higher educational level than in the past. （ C） Some teachers have cited higher standards for hiring as a reason for the current staffing shortage. （ D） Many teachers have cited low pay and
26、lack of professional freedom as reasons for their leaving the profession. （ E） Many prospective teachers have cited the new hiring standards as a reason for not entering the profession. 8 A cost-effective solution to the problem of airport congestion is to provide high-speed ground transportation be
27、tween major cities lying 200 to 500 miles apart. The successful implementation of this plan would cost far less than expanding existing airports and would also reduce the number of airplanes clogging both airports and airways. Which of the following, if true, could proponents of the plan above most
28、appropriately cite as a piece of evidence for the soundness of their plan? （ A） An effective high-speed ground-transportation system would require major repairs to many highways and mass-transit improvements. （ B） One-half of all departing flights in the nations busiest airport head for a destinatio
29、n in a major city 225 miles away. （ C） The majority of travelers departing from rural airports are flying to destinations in cities over 600 miles away. （ D） Many new airports are being built in areas that are presently served by high-speed ground-transportation systems. （ E） A large proportion of a
30、ir travelers are vacationers who are taking long-distance flights. 9 If there is an oil-supply disruption resulting in higher international oil prices, domestic oil prices in open-market countries such as the United States will rise as well, whether such countries import all or none of their oil. If
31、 the statement above concerning oil-supply disruptions is true, which of the following policies in an open-market nation is most likely to reduce the long-term economic impact on that nation of sharp and unexpected increases in international oil prices? （ A） Maintaining the quantity of oil imported
32、at constant yearly levels. （ B） Increasing the number of oil tankers in its fleet. （ C） Suspending diplomatic relations with major oil-producing nations. （ D） Decreasing oil consumption through conservation. （ E） Decreasing domestic production of oil. 10 Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorat
33、ed nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a geneti
34、cally transmitted, trait. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers? （ A） There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively. （
35、B） Young male bowerbirds are inept at bower-building and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style. （ C） The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.
36、（ D） Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another. （ E） It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically. 11 The average age and racing experience o
37、f the drivers at the Indianapolis 500 automobile race increased each year between 1965 and 19The reason for the increase is that high-speed racing drivers were living longer than their predecessors. Race-car safety features that reduced the severity of crashes of the kind that formerly took drivers
38、lives were primarily responsible for the increase in the average age of the Indianapolis 500 competitors. Which of the following, if true, would be most likely to be part of the evidence used to show that safety features on the cars that protected drivers in major crashes were responsible for the in
39、crease in the average age of drivers at the Indianapolis race? （ A） Younger drivers at high-speed racetracks were involved in major accidents at a slightly higher rate than were older drivers between 1965 and 1980. （ B） Major accidents on high-speed racetracks occurred at about the same frequency in
40、 the years after 1965 as in the years before 1965. （ C） The average age of drivers attempting to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 decreased slightly between 1965 and 1980. （ D） Accidents on highways in the United States occurred at about the same frequency in the years after 1965 as in the years bef
41、ore 1965. （ E） Other safety features, involving the condition of the racetrack and the uniforms worn by the drivers while driving, were adopted at Indianapolis between 1965 and 1980. 12 Medical personnel who served in heavy combat in a recent war even those who escaped physical injury now have lower
42、 incomes and higher divorce rates, and score lower on psy chological profiles measuring general happiness, than medical personnel who served in less stressful settings during that war. This evidence demonstrates that exposure to heavy-combat situations produces serious adverse effects, even among th
43、ose who suffered no physical harm. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the conclusion drawn above? （ A） The medical personnel who served in heavy combat had completed significantly less schooling prior to military service than had other medical personnel. （ B） The medical personnel who
44、 served in heavy combat tended to be younger at the time of their entry into military service than were other medical personnel. （ C） Parents of medical personnel who served in heavy combat show no significant difference in incomes, divorce rates, or general happiness from parents of other medical p
45、ersonnel. （ D） Income levels, divorce rates, and levels of general happiness are the same for the medical personnel who served in heavy combat as they are for construction workers. （ E） Medical personnel who served in heavy combat in an earlier war show no significant difference in incomes, divorce
46、rates, or general happiness from other medical personnel who served in that war. 13 In tests for Pironoma, a serious disease, a false positive result indicates that people have Pironoma when, in fact, they do not; a false negative result indicates that people do not have pironoma when, in fact, they
47、 do. To detect pironoma most accurately, physicians should use the laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of false positive results. Which of the following, if true, gives the most support to the recommendation above? （ A） The accepted treatment for Pironoma does not have damaging side effec
48、ts. （ B） The laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of false positive results causes the same minor side effects as do the other laboratory tests used to detect Pironoma. （ C） In treating Pironoma patients, it is essential to begin treatment as early as possible, since even a week of delay c
49、an result in loss of life. （ D） The proportion of inconclusive test results is equal for all laboratory tests used to detect Pironoma. （ E） All laboratory tests to detect Pironoma have the same proportion of false negative results. 14 The attitude that it is all right to do what harms no one but oneself is usually accompanied by a disregard for the actual interdependence of people. Destroying ones own life or health means not being available to help family members or the community, it means, instead, absorbing the limited resources of the community for food, health services, and educ
