1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 1 The value of a product is determined by the ratio of its quality to its price. The higher the value of a product, the better will be its competitive position. Therefore, either increasing the quality or lowering the price of a given product will increase the likelihoo
2、d that consumer will select that product rather than a competing one. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn above? （ A） It is possible to increase both the quality and the price of a product without changing its competitive position. （ B） For certain segments of
3、 the population of consumers, higher-priced brands of some product lines are preferred to the lower-priced brands. （ C） Competing products often try to appeal to different segments of the population of consumers. （ D） The competitive position of a product can be affected by such factors as advertisi
4、ng and brand loyalty. （ E） Consumers perceptions of the quality of a product are based on the actual quality of the product. 2 Sales of telephones have increased dramatically over the last year. In order to take advantage of this increase, Mammoth Industries plans to expand production of its own mod
5、el of telephone, while continuing its already very extensive advertising of this product. Which of the following, if true, provides most support for the view that Mammoth Industries cannot increase its sales of telephones by adopting the plan outlined above? （ A） Although it sells all of the telepho
6、nes that it produces, Mammoth Industries share of all telephone sales has declined over the last year. （ B） Mammoth Industries average inventory of telephones awaiting shipment to retailers has declined slightly over the last year. （ C） Advertising has made the brand name of Mammoth Industries telep
7、hones widely known, but few consumers know that Mammoth industries owns this brand. （ D） Mammoth Industries telephone is one of the three brands of telephone that have together accounted for the bulk of the last years increase in sales. （ E） Despite a slight decline in the retail price, sales of Mam
8、moth Industries telephones have fallen in the last year. 3 Useful protein drugs, such as insulin, must still be administered by the cumbersome procedure of injection under the skin. If proteins are taken orally, they are digested and cannot reach their target cells. Certain nonprotein drugs, however
9、, contain chemical bonds that are not broken down by the digestive system. They can, thus, be taken orally. The statements above most strongly support a claim that a research procedure that successfully accomplishes which of the following would be beneficial to users of protein drugs? （ A） Coating i
10、nsulin with compounds that are broken down by target cells, but whose chemical bonds are resistant to digestion. （ B） Converting into protein compounds, by procedures that work in the laboratory, the nonprotein drugs that resist digestion. （ C） Removing permanently from the digestive system any subs
11、tances that digest proteins. （ D） Determining, in a systematic way, what enzymes and bacteria are present in the normal digestive system and whether they tend to be broken down within the body. （ E） Determining the amount of time each nonprotein drug takes to reach its target cells. 4 There is a gre
12、at deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand between different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies. To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgica
13、l procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following? （ A） A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary. （ B） The variation is unrelated to factors(other than the surgical procedures
14、 themselves)that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered. （ C） There are several categories of surgical procedure(other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies)that are often performed unnecessarily. （ D） For certain surgical procedures, it is diff
15、icult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded. （ E） With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in gener
16、al. 5 In Argonia the average rate drivers pay for car accident insurance is regulated to allow insurance companies to make a reasonable profit. Under the regulations, the rate any individual driver pays never depends on the actual distance driven by that driver each year. Therefore, Argonians who dr
17、ive less than average partially subsidize the insurance of those who drive more than average. The conclusion above would be properly drawn if it were also true that in Argonia （ A） the average accident insurance rate for all drivers rises whenever a substantial number of new drivers buy insurance. （
18、 B） the average cost to insurance companies of insuring drivers who drive less than the annual average is less than the average cost of insuring drivers who drive more than the annual average. （ C） the lower the age of a driver, the higher the insurance rate paid by that driver. （ D） insurance compa
19、ny profits would rise substantially if drivers were classified in terms of the actual number of miles they drive each year. （ E） drivers who have caused insurance companies to pay costly claims generally pay insurance rates that are equal to or lower than those paid by other drivers. 6 Which of the
20、following, if true, would provide most support for concluding from the survey results described above that the use of illegal drugs by people below the age of 20 is declining? （ A） Changes in the level of drug use by high school seniors are seldom matched by changes in the level of drug use by other
21、 people below the age of 20. （ B） In the past, high school seniors were consistently the population group most likely to use illegal drugs and most likely to use them heavily. （ C） The percentage of high school seniors who use illegal drugs is consistently very similar to the percentage of all peopl
22、e below the age of 20 who use illegal drugs. （ D） The decline revealed by the surveys is the result of drug education programs specifically targeted at those below the age of 20. （ E） The number of those surveyed who admit to having sold illegal drugs has declined even faster than has the number who
23、 have used drugs. 7 The level of lead contamination in United States rivers declined between 1975 and 19Federal regulations requiring a drop in industrial discharges of lead went into effect in 1975, but the major cause of the decline was a 75 percent drop in the use of leaded gasoline between 1975
24、and 19Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim that the major cause of the decline in the level of lead contamination in United States rives was the decline in the use of leaded gasoline? （ A） The level of lead contamination in United States rivers fell sharply in both 1975 and 1983.
25、 （ B） Most of the decline in industrial discharges of lead occurred before 1976, but the largest decline in the level of river contamination occurred between 1980 and 1985. （ C） Levels of lead contamination in rivers fell sharply in 1975 - 1976 and rose very slightly over the next nine years. （ D） L
26、evels of lead contamination rose in those rivers where there was reduced river flow due to drought. （ E） Although the use of leaded gasoline declined 75 percent between 1975 and 1985, 80 percent of the decline took place in 1985. 8 Despite the approach of winter, oil prices to industrial customers a
27、re exceptionally low this year and likely to remain so. Therefore, unless the winter is especially severe, the price of natural gas to industrial customers is also likely to remain low. Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the conclusion above? （ A） Long-term weather foreca
28、sts predict a mild winter. （ B） The industrial users who consume most natural gas can quickly and cheaply switch to using oil instead. （ C） The largest sources of supply for both oil and natural gas are in subtropical regions unlikely to be affected by winter weather. （ D） The fuel requirements of i
29、ndustrial users of natural gas are not seriously affected by the weather. （ E） Oil distribution is more likely to be affected by severe winter weather than is the distribution of natural gas. 9 41 . Residents of an apartment complex are considering two possible plans for collecting recyclable trash.
30、 Flan 1 Residents will deposit recyclable trash in municipal dumpsters located in the parking lot. The trash will be collected on the first and the fifteenth days of each month. Plan 2 Residents will be given individual containers for recyclable trash. The containers will be placed at the curb twice
31、 a week for trash collection. Which of the following points raised at a meeting of the residents, if valid, would most favor one of the recycling plans over the other? （ A） Residents will be required to exercise care in separating recyclable trash from nonrecyclable trash. （ B） For trash recycling t
32、o be successful, residents must separate recyclable bottles and cans from recyclable paper products. （ C） Penalties will be levied against residents who fail to sort their trash correctly. （ D） Individual recycling containers will need to be made of a strong and durable material. （ E） Recyclable tra
33、sh that is allowed to accumulate for two weeks will attract rodents. 10 Human beings can see the spatial relations among objects by processing information conveyed by light. Scientists trying to build computers that can detect spatial relations by the same kind of process have so far designed and bu
34、ilt stationary machines. However, these scientists will not achieve their goal until they produce such a machine that can move around in its environment. Which of the following, if true, would best support the prediction above? （ A） Human beings are dependent on visual cues from motion in order to d
35、elect spatial relations. （ B） Human beings can often easily detect the spatial relations among objects, even when those objects are in motion. （ C） Detecting spatial relations among objects requires drawing inferences from the information conveyed by light. （ D） Although human beings can discern spa
36、tial relations through their sense of hearing, vision is usually the most important means of detecting spatial relations. （ E） Information about the spatial relations among objects can be obtained by noticing such things as shadows and the relative sizes of objects. 11 Most geologists believe oil re
37、sults from chemical transformations of hydrocarbons derived from organisms buried under ancient seas. Suppose, instead, that oil actually results from bacterial action on other complex hydrocarbons that are trapped within the Earth. As is well known, the volume of these hydrocarbons exceeds that of
38、buried organisms. Therefore, our oil reserves would be greater than most geologists believe. Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument above about our oil reserves? （ A） Most geologists think optimistically about the Earths reserves of oil. （ B） Most geologists hav
39、e performed accurate chemical analyses on previously discovered oil reserves. （ C） Ancient seas are buried within the Earth at many places where fossils are abundant. （ D） The only bacteria yet found in oil reserves could have leaked down drill holes from surface contaminants. （ E） Chemical transfor
40、mations reduce the volume of buried hydrocarbons derived from organisms by roughly the same proportion as bacterial action reduces the volume of other complex hydrocarbons. 12 Woodsmoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells. Because woodsmoke presents such a high health risk, l
41、egislation is needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood-burning stoves. Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above? （ A） The amount of dangerous toxins contained in woodsmoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile ex
42、haust. （ B） Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas. （ C） Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from woodburning stoves. （ D） No significant beneficial effect on air quality would res
43、ult if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation. （ E） In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality. 13 Todays low gasoline prices make consumers willing to indulge their preference for
44、larger cars, which consume greater amounts of gasoline as fuel. So United States automakers are unwilling to pursue the development of new fuel-efficient technologies aggressively. The particular reluctance of the United States automobile industry to do so, however, could threaten the industrys futu
45、re. Which of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the claim above about the future of the United States automobile industry? （ A） A prototype fuel-efficient vehicle, built five years ago, achieves a very high 81 miles per gallon on the highway and 63 in the city, but its materi
46、als are relatively costly. （ B） Small cars sold by manufacturers in the United States are more fuel efficient now than before the sudden jump in oil prices in 1973. （ C） Automakers elsewhere in the world have slowed the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies but have pressed ahead with research
47、 and development of them in preparation for a predicted rise in world oil prices. （ D） There are many technological opportunities for reducing the waste of energy in cars and light trucks through weight, aerodynamic drag, and braking friction. （ E） The promotion of mass transit over automobiles as a
48、n alternative mode of transportation has encountered consumer resistance that is due in part to the failure of mass transit to accommodate the wide dispersal of points of origin and destinations for trips. 14 In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred hone fragments dating hack 1 mill
49、ion years. Analysis of the fragments, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been heated to temperatures no higher than those produced in experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most common tree around Swartkans. Which of the following, if true, would, together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim that the charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids? （ A） The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by the present-day inhabitants of Swartkans. （ B） Forest fires can heat
