1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 1 21 . During the Second World War, about 375,000 civilians died in the United States and about 408,000 members of the United States armed forces died overseas. On the basis of those figures, it can be concluded that it was not much more dangerous to be overseas in the
2、armed forces during the Second World War than it was to stay at home as a civilian. Which of the following would reveal most clearly the absurdity of the conclusion drawn above? （ A） Counting deaths among members of the armed forces who served in the United States in addition to deaths among members
3、 of the armed forces serving overseas. （ B） Expressing the difference between the numbers of deaths among civilians and members of the armed forces as a percentage of the total number of deaths. （ C） Separating deaths caused by accidents during service in the armed forces from deaths caused by comba
4、t injuries. （ D） Comparing death rates per thousand members of each group rather than comparing total numbers of deaths. （ E） Comparing deaths caused by accidents in the United States to deaths caused by combat in the armed forces. 2 A proposed ordinance requires the installation in new homes of spr
5、inklers automatically triggered by the presence of a fire. However, a home builder argued that because more than ninety percent of residential fires are extinguished by a household member, residential sprinklers would only marginally decrease property damage caused by residential fires. Which of the
6、 following, if true, would most seriously weaken the home builders argument? （ A） Most individuals have no formal training in how to extinguish fires. （ B） Since new homes are only a tiny percentage of available housing in the city, the new ordinance would be extremely narrow in scope. （ C） The inst
7、allation of smoke detectors in new residences costs significantly less than the installation of sprinklers. （ D） In the city where the ordinance was proposed, the average time required by the fire department to respond to a fire was less than the national average. （ E） The largest proportion of prop
8、erty damage that results from residential fires is caused by fires that start when no household member is present. 3 With the emergence of biotechnology companies, it was feared that they would impose silence about proprietary results on their in-house researchers and their academic consultants. Thi
9、s constraint, in turn, would slow the development of biological science and engineering. Which of the following, if true, would tend to weaken most seriously the prediction of scientific secrecy described above? （ A） Biotechnological research funded by industry has reached some conclusions that are
10、of major scientific importance. （ B） When the results of scientific research are kept secret, independent researchers are unable to build on those results. （ C） Since the research priorities of biotechnology companies are not the same as those of academic institutions, the financial support of resea
11、rch by such companies distorts the research agenda. （ D） To enhance the companies standing in the scientific community, the biotechnology companies encourage employees to publish their results, especially results that are important. （ E） Biotechnology companies devote some of their research resource
12、s to problems that are of fundamental scientific importance and that are not expected to produce immediate practical applications. 4 Shelby Industries manufactures and sells the same gauges as Jones Industries. Employee wages account for forty percent of the cost of manufacturing gauges at both Shel
13、by Industries and Jones Industries. Shelby Industries is seeking a competitive advantage over Jones Industries. Therefore, to promote this end, Shelby Industries should lower employee wages. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above? （ A） Because they make a small number
14、of precision instruments, gauge manufacturers cannot receive volume discounts on raw materials. （ B） Lowering wages would reduce the quality of employee work, and this reduced quality would lead to lowered sales. （ C） Jones Industries has taken away twenty percent of Shelby Industries business over
15、the last year. （ D） Shelby Industries pays its employees, on average, ten percent more than does Jones Industries. （ E） Many people who work for manufacturing plants live in areas in which the manufacturing plant they work for is the only industry. 5 Red blood cells in which the malarial-fever paras
16、ite resides are eliminated from a persons body after 120 days. Because the parasite cannot travel to a new generation of red blood cells, any fever that develops in a person more than 120 days after that person has moved to a malaria-free region is not due to the malarial parasite. Which of the foll
17、owing, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above? （ A） The fever caused by the malarial parasite may resemble the fever caused by flu viruses. （ B） The anopheles mosquito, which is the principal insect carrier of the malarial parasite, has been eradicated in many parts of the world. （ C）
18、Many malarial symptoms other than the fever, which can be suppressed with antimalarial medication, can reappear within 120 days after the medication is discontinued. （ D） In some cases, the parasite that causes malarial fever travels to cells of the spleen, which are less frequently eliminated from
19、a person s body than are red blood cells. （ E） In any region infested with malaria-carrying mosquitoes, there are individuals who appear to be immune to malaria. 6 The number of people diagnosed as having a certain intestinal disease has dropped significantly in a rural county this year, as compared
20、 to last year, health officials attribute this decrease entirely to improved sanitary conditions at water-treatment plants, which made for cleaner water this year and thus reduced the incidence of the disease. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the health officials explanat
21、ion for the lower incidence of the disease? （ A） Many new water-treatment plants have been built in the last five years in the rural county. （ B） Bottled spring water has not been consumed in significantly different quantities by people diagnosed as having the intestinal disease, as compared to peop
22、le who did not contract the disease. （ C） Because of a new diagnostic technique, many people who until this year would have been diagnosed as having the intestinal disease are now correctly diagnosed as suffering from intestinal ulcers. （ D） Because of medical advances this year, far fewer people wh
23、o contract the intestinal disease will develop severe cases of the disease. （ E） The water in the rural county was brought up to the sanitary standards of the water in neighboring counties ten years ago. 7 Most archaeologists have held that people first reached the Americas less than 20,000 years ag
24、o by crossing a land bridge into North America. But recent discoveries of human shelters in South America dating from 32,000 years ago have led researchers to speculate that people arrived in South America first, after voyaging across the Pacific, and then spread northward. Which of the following, i
25、f it were discovered, would be pertinent evidence against the speculation above? （ A） A rock shelter near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, contains evidence of use by human beings 19,000 years ago. （ B） Some North American sites of human habitation predate any sites found in South America. （ C） The climate
26、 is warmer at the 32, 000-year-old South American site than at the oldest known North American site. （ D） The site in South America that was occupied 32,000 years ago was continuously occupied until 6,000 years ago. （ E） The last Ice Age, between 11,500 and 20,000 years ago, considerably lowered wor
27、ldwide sea levels. 8 Since the mayor s publicity campaign for Greenville s bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into
28、the midtown area. Obviously, the mayors publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work. Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above? （ A） Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of
29、 five percent during the past six months. （ B） The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the citys midtown area. （ C） Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months. （ D） The numbe
30、r of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago. （ E） Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayors publicity campaign began. 9 Most consumers do
31、not get much use out of the sports equipment they purchase. For example, seventeen percent of the adults in the United States own jogging shoes, but only forty-five percent of the owners jog more than once a year, and only seventeen percent jog more than once a week. Which of the following, if true,
32、 casts most doubt on the claim that most consumers get little use out of the sports equipment they purchase? （ A） Joggers are most susceptible to sports injuries during the first six months in which they jog. （ B） Joggers often exaggerate the frequency with which they jog in surveys designed to elic
33、it such information. （ C） Many consumers purchase jogging shoes for use in activities other than jogging. （ D） Consumers who take up jogging often purchase an athletic shoe that can be used in other sports. （ E） Joggers who jog more than once a week are often active participants in other sports as w
34、ell. 10 A drug that is highly effective in treating many types of infection can, at present, be obtained only from the bark of the Ibora, a tree that is quite rare in the wild. It takes the bark of 5,000 trees to make one kilogram of the drug. It follows, therefore, that continued production of the
35、drug must inevitably lead to the Iboras extinction. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above? （ A） The drug made from Ibora bark is dispensed to doctors from a central authority. （ B） The drug made from Ibora bark is expensive to produce. （ C） The leaves of the Ibor
36、a are used in a number of medical products. （ D） The Ibora can be propagated from cuttings and grown under cultivation. （ E） The Ibora generally grows in largely inaccessible places. 11 A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so in
37、tentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard
38、peoples intentions as relevant to punishment. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above? （ A） In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or
39、accidentally. （ B） In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated. （ C） Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children. （ D） The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults had assigned punishment in
40、a similar experiment. （ E） The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories. 12 The program to control the entry of illegal drugs into the country was a failure in 19If the program had been successful, the wholesale price o
41、f most illegal drugs would not have dropped substantially in 19The argument in the passage would be most seriously weakened if it were true that （ A） in 1987 smugglers of illegal drugs, as a group, had significantly more funds at their disposal than did the countrys customs agents. （ B） domestic pro
42、duction of illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987. （ C） the authors statements were made in order to embarrass the officials responsible for the drug-control program. （ D） in 1987 illegal drugs entered the country by a different set of routes than they did in 1986. （ E） the countrys citizens
43、spent substantially more money on illegal drugs in 1987 than they did in 1986. 13 When hypnotized subjects are told that they are deaf and are then asked whether they can hear the hypnotist, they reply, “No. “ Some theorists try to explain this result by arguing that the selves of hypnotized subject
44、s are dissociated into separate parts, and that the part that is deaf is dissociated from the part that replies. Which of the following challenges indicates the most serious weakness in the attempted explanation described above? （ A） Why does the part that replies not answer, “Yes“? （ B） Why are the
45、 observed facts in need of any special explanation? （ C） Why do the subjects appear to accept the hypnotist s suggestion that they are deaf? （ D） Why do hypnotized subjects all respond the same way in the situation described? （ E） Why are the separate parts of the self the same for all subjects? 14
46、Many researchers believe that the presence of RNA in brain cells is the biochemical basis of memory; that is, the presence of RNA enables us to remember. Because certain chemicals are known to inhibit the synthesis of RNA in the body, we can test this hypothesis. Animals that have learned particular
47、 responses can be injected with an RNA inhibitor and then tested for memory of the learned responses. Which of the following test results would most seriously weaken the case for RNA as the basis of memory? （ A） After an injection of RNA inhibitor, a wide range of behaviors in addition to the learne
48、d responses were affected. （ B） After an injection of RNA inhibitor, animals that had not consistently been giving the learned responses were able to give them consistently. （ C） After injections of RNA inhibitor, some animals lost memory of the learned responses totally but others lost it only part
49、ially. （ D） After a small injection of RNA inhibitor, animals responded well, but as the size of the injection increased, they gave fewer of the learned responses. （ E） After an injection of RNA inhibitor, animals could not learn a new response. 15 It was long thought that a now-rare disease of the joints, alkaptonuria, was epidemic in Egypt 2,500 years ago. Evidence came from the high proportion of mummies from that period showing symptoms of the disease. Recently, however, chemical analyses of skeletons have led scientists to propose that the joint damage was actually caused
