1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 1 One analyst predicts that Hong Kong can retain its capitalist ways after it becomes part of mainland China in 1997 as long as a capitalist Hong Kong is useful to China; that a capitalist Hong Kong will be useful to China as long as Hong Kong is prosperous; and that Ho
2、ng Kong will remain prosperous as long as it retains its capitalist ways. If the predictions above are correct, which of the following further predictions can logically be derived from them? （ A） If Hong Kong fails to stay prosperous, it will no longer remain part of mainland China. （ B） If Hong Kon
3、g retains its capitalist ways until 1997, it will be allowed to do so afterward. （ C） If there is a world economic crisis after 1997, it will not adversely affect the economy of Hong Kong. （ D） Hong Kong will be prosperous after 1997. （ E） The citizens of Hong Kong will have no restrictions placed o
4、n them by the government of mainland China. 2 Correctly measuring the productivity of service workers is complex. Consider, for example, postal workers: they are often said to be more productive if more letters are delivered per postal worker. But is this really true? What if more letters are lost o
5、r delayed per worker at the same time that more are delivered? The objection implied above to the productivity measure described is based on doubts about the truth of which of the following statements? （ A） Postal workers are representative of service workers in general. （ B） The delivery of letters
6、 is the primary activity of the postal service. （ C） Productivity should be ascribed to categories of workers, not to individuals. （ D） The quality of services rendered can appropriately be ignored in computing productivity. （ E） The number of letters delivered is relevant to measuring the productiv
7、ity of postal workers. 3 That social institutions influence the formation of character has become a generally accepted proposition. This doctrine views individuals as but compliant recipients of social influence: personalities are entirely the products of society, and at any point in life an individ
8、uals personality can be changed by management of the social world. Crime is said to exist only because society has in some ways failed in its responsibility to give every person the resources to lead a productive life. However, whereas it is true that extreme poverty forces some people to steal, it
9、is obvious that some persons will commit crimes no matter how well society treats them. Which of the following is implied by the “doctrine“(line 2)described in the passage above? （ A） Social institutions may reflect personality as much as they shape it. （ B） Social influence on personality is most s
10、trongly felt by the affluent. （ C） The concentration of wealth in the hands of a privileged few accounts for the existence of crime. （ D） Bringing about social reform is the most likely means of curtailing crime. （ E） Less severe punishment of crime would be likely to result in more crime. 4 Ninetee
11、nth-century art critics judged art by the realism of its method of representation. It was assumed that the realistic method developed from primitive beginnings to the perfection of formal realism. It is one of the permanent gains of the aesthetic revolution of the twentieth century that we are rid o
12、f this type of aesthetics. It can be inferred from the passage above that the artistic revolution of the twentieth century had which of the following effects? （ A） It deemphasized realistic representation as an evaluative consideration for judging works of art. （ B） It permitted modern critics to ap
13、preciate the simplicity of primitive art. （ C） It repudiated the realistic representation found in the art of the past. （ D） It reinforced traditional ways of looking at and judging great art. （ E） It allowed art critics to understand the evolution and nature of art. 5 Anyone who has owned a car kno
14、ws that saving money in the short run by skimping on relatively minor repairs and routine maintenance will prove very costly in the long run. However, this basic truth is often forgotten by those who call for reduced government spending on social programs.Which of the following is NOT implied by the
15、 analogy above as a point of comparison? （ A） Money that is spent on repairs and maintenance helps to ensure the continued functioning of a car. （ B） Owners can take chances on not maintaining or repairing their cars. （ C） In order to keep operating, cars will normally need some work. （ D） The probl
16、ems with a car will become worse if they are not attended to. （ E） A car will last for only a limited period of time and then must be replaced. 6 The Census Bureau reported that the median family income, after adjustment for inflation, increased 1.6 percent in 19Poverty normally declines when family
17、 income goes up, but the national poverty rate remained at its highest level in eighteen years in 19The Census Bureau offered two possible explanations: the lingering effects of the deep and lengthy 1981 - 1982 recession, and increases in the number of people living in families headed by women and i
18、n the number of adults not living with any relatives. Both groups are likely to be poorer than the population as a whole. Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from this report? （ A） The national poverty rate has increased steadily over the last eighteen years. （ B） The national p
19、overty rate will increase when there are lingering effects of an earlier recession. （ C） The median family income can increase even though the family income of some subgroups within the population declines or fails to increase. （ D） The category of adults not living with any relatives is the most cr
20、itical group in the determination of whether the economy has improved. （ E） The median family income is affected more by changes in family patterns than by the extent of expansion or recession of the national economy. 7 The nuclear polyhedrosis virus helps control gypsy moth populations by killing t
21、he moths larvae. The virus is always present in the larvae, but only every sixth or seventh year does the virus seriously decimate the number of larvae, thereby drastically setting back the gypsy moth population. Scientists believe that the virus, ordinarily latent, is triggered only when the larvae
22、 experience biological stress. If the scientists mentioned above are correct, it can be inferred that the decimation of gypsy moth larvae populations by the nuclear polyhedrosis virus would be most likely to be triggered by which of the following conditions? （ A） A shift from drought conditions to n
23、ormal precipitation in areas infested by gypsy moths. （ B） The escalating stress of defoliation sustained by trees attacked by gypsy moths for the second consecutive year. （ C） Predation on larvae of all kinds by parasitic wasps and flies. （ D） Starvation of the gypsy moth larvae as a result of over
24、population. （ E） Spraying of areas infested by gypsy moths with laboratory-raised nuclear polyhedrosis virus. 8 Konstantin Stanislavski s justly praised method for training actors arose from Stanislavski s own awkwardness and susceptibility to theatrical cliches as a young actor. The “method“ must b
25、e understood in terms of Stanislavski s personal search for release from the temptations of stock gestures, well-tried vocal intonations, and standard emotional formulas. Despite the pretensions of certain of his disciples in the United States, the Russian director never intended to formulate a text
26、book of rigid solutions to acting problems. It can be inferred that the author of the preceding statements about Stanislavski s method holds which of the following opinions about acting? （ A） Acting is essentially spontaneous emotional expression, with which systematic training usually interferes. （
27、 B） The Stanislavski method has lost some of its flexibility and exploratory qualities as it has been used by some followers of Stanislavski in the United States. （ C） The Stanislavski method has misled those actors in the United States who have adopted it. （ D） Virtually the only advice young actor
28、s need be given is that they must systematically suppress theatrical cliches in their performances. （ E） The Stanislavski method is useful primarily for young actors who must overcome artificiality and immaturity in their performances. 9 Forty-five percent of all blood donated in the United States i
29、s type O. Type O blood is essential for emergencies where there is no time for determining the blood type of victims because type O blood can be used for everyone. Type C)blood is unique in that it is compatible with blood of all types: any recipient, regardless of blood type, can be given it. But p
30、recisely because of this special usefulness, type O blood is chronically in short supply. If the statements in the passage above are true, which of the following must also be true? （ A） The special usefulness of type O blood lies in the fact that it matches the blood type of most people. （ B） Suppli
31、es of type O blood are continuously so low that type O blood is unavailable for emergencies, where its usefulness would be greatest. （ C） Forty-five percent of the total population of the United State has type O blood, which makes type O the most common blood type. （ D） Any decision to give blood of
32、 any type other than O needs to be based on knowledge of the recipients blood type. （ E） Type O blood is the only blood that cannot be typed as fast as needed in emergencies. 10 Dense snow cover can cause unusually harsh weather patterns to persist. If a severe winter storm blankets the Great Plains
33、, the snow cover reflects the suns radiation back into space and thus keeps the temperature of the ground low. Consequently, cold air moving down from Canada remains cold enough to cause more snowstorms. Which of the following is a conclusion that can be properly drawn from the information above? （
34、A） Winter weather on the Great Plains is the product of unusual movements of air masses. （ B） The Great Plains are more likely than other areas to suffer unusually harsh weather patterns. （ C） If the Great Plains get more snow than usual early in the winter and the snow remains until the spring thaw
35、, the winter is likely to be colder than usual. （ D） Even if the temperatures on the Great Plains are not extremely cold but are just below freezing, a moderate snowstorm will probably turn into a blizzard. （ E） The temperature of the ground depends primarily on the thickness of the snow cover. 11 C
36、onsider three fish swimming together in a school. The space within which each fish can be seen by predator Y is defined by a sphere centered on the fish and having a radius that is the maximum distance Y can see. The school is vulnerable to attack when Y is within one of the three spheres. The spher
37、es overlap to a great extent, since the fish are in a compact group. Which of the following is a reliable inference to be drawn from the passage above? （ A） The vulnerability to attack of the school as a whole is not much greater than the vulnerability to attack of any one fish in the school. （ B） T
38、here is less chance that predator Y will attack a school of four fish than that it will attack a school of three fish. （ C） Fish who swim in schools are less likely to be devoured by predators than are fish who do not swim in schools. （ D） The maximum distance at which an individual fish is visible
39、depends less on the size of the fish than on whether the fish is swimming in a school. （ E） The maximum distance at which predator Y can see its prey is increased if Y is itself swimming in a school of Ys. 12 Masterpieces of literature are “ intertextual,“ that is, they tend to be written in respons
40、e not to reality but to other works of literature. To the extent that a writing is intertextual, it becomes clouded as a mirror of social reality. The statements above provide the most support for which of the following conclusions? （ A） To the extent that a writing fails to mirror social reality, t
41、he writing is intertextual. （ B） The author who wishes to write a masterpiece should avoid being influenced by other works of literature. （ C） A writing that is not intertextual can have no significant relationship to any other writings. （ D） Literary masterpieces of the past are suspect as sources
42、of information about the social reality of the past. （ E） A work of literature is not intertextual if it is written in response to a writing that accurately mirrors social reality. 13 To many environmentalists, the extinction of plants accompanied by the increasing genetic uniformity of species of f
43、ood crops is the single most serious environmental problem. Something must be done to prevent the loss of wild food plants or no-longer-cultivated food plants. Otherwise, the lack of genetic diversity could allow a significant portion of a major crop to be destroyed overnight. In 1970, for example,
44、southern leaf blight destroyed approximately 20 percent of the United States corn crop, leaving very few varieties of corn unaffected in the areas over which the disease had spread. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage above? （ A） Susceptibility to certain plant diseases is geneti
45、cally determined. （ B） Eighty percent of the corn grown in the United States is resistant to southern leaf blight. （ C） The extinction of wild food plants can in almost every case be traced to destructive plant diseases. （ D） Plant breeders focus on developing plants that are resistant to plant dise
46、ase. （ E） Corn is the only food crop threatened by southern leaf blight. 14 A placebo is a chemically inert substance prescribed more for the mental relief of a patient than for its effect on the patients physical disorder. It is prescribed in the hope of instilling in the patient a positive attitud
47、e toward prospects for his or her recovery. In some cases, the placebo actually produces improvement in the patients condition. In discussing the use and effect of placebos, a well-known medical researcher recently paid physicians the somewhat offbeat compliment of saying that physicians were the ul
48、timate placebo. By comparing a physician to a placebo, the researcher sought to imply that （ A） physicians should always maintain and communicate an optimistic attitude toward their patients, regardless of the prognosis. （ B） the health of some patients can improve simply form their knowledge that t
49、hey are under a physicians care. （ C） many patients actually suffer from imagined illnesses that are best treated by placebos. （ D） physicians could prescribe less medication and achieve the same effect. （ E） it is difficult to determine what, if any, effect a physicians behavior has on a patients condition. 15 In a study of more than 8,000 people using ten beaches on two of the Great Lakes, ecologists from the University of Toronto determined that the rate of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness among people who had been swimming was 69.6 per 1,000, whereas the respiratory
