1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 45 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 A problem-related to the competition for land use is whether crops should be used to produce food or fuel
3、. 【 1】 _ areas will be examined in this respect. 【 1】 _ Firstly, the problem should be viewed in its【 2】 _ 【 2】 _ perspective. When oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s, countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis. In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it i
4、s to produce alcohol from【 3】 _ material. 【 3】 _ This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of【 4】 _.The use of this material resulted 【 4】 _ from two economic reasons: a【 5】 _ in its price 【 5】 _ and low【 6】 _ costs. 【 6】 _ There are other starchy plants that can be used
5、 to produce alcohol, like the sweet【 7】 _ or the cassava plant 【 7】 _ in tropical regions, and【 8】 _ and sugar beet in 【 8】 _ non-tropical regions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the peoples staple food in many poor countries. Therefore, farmers them are faced with a choice: cro
6、ps for food or for fuel. And farmers naturally go for what is more【 9】 _. As a result, the problems involved are 【 9】 _ economic in nature, rather than technological. 7his is my second area under consideration. Finally, there have already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basica
7、lly, they. come in two forms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in【 10】 _, and a 【 10】 _ combination of alcohol and gasoline known as gasohol in Germany. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything
8、ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 In the first incident, the couple had planned to
9、 spend their weekend together _. （ A） in Boston （ B） in New York （ C） in Oslo （ D） in Washington 12 The couple failed to meet each other as previously arranged due to _. （ A） the wifes early arrival （ B） the husbands late arrival （ C） a computer error （ D） the receptionists negligence 13 The 100-pag
10、e-long leaflet the man speaker got at Oslo Airport contains _. （ A） funny information about restaurants （ B） quite boring information about restaurants （ C） totally useless information about restaurants （ D） insufficient information about restaurants 14 The suitcase of the woman speakers colleague w
11、as blown up by the security police probably because _. （ A） it failed to pass the security check （ B） it was suspected of containing a bomb （ C） it contained dirty disease-carrying clothes （ D） it was suspected of containing smuggled goods 15 After finally boarding the faulty plane in the Far East,
12、the passengers all felt _. （ A） nervous and worried （ B） sorry but helpless （ C） sick and scared （ D） cheated and angry SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, y
13、ou will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What made the British government think about strengthening security measures? （ A） Some incidents had demonstrated its security problem. （ B） The Royal family found it necessary to do so. （ C） The House of Parliament proposed to do so. （ D） The
14、 European Union suggested it doing so. 17 The European Union study found that problems in Britains security job might have come from _. （ A） paying too little attention to this issue （ B） following the US too closely （ C） too much confidence about its own ability （ D） lack of experience of terrorist
15、 attack 18 The head of homeland security indicated that _. （ A） the worry about terrorist attack was totally unnecessary （ B） the government had been well prepared for possible security problem （ C） the government bad been too optimistic about its anti-terrorism efforts （ D） the legislators usually
16、could do nothing except making empty talks 19 The research mentioned in this news has found that _. （ A） nostrils determine nose size （ B） the size of nostrils can change in ones life （ C） big nostrils help people tell different smells （ D） size of nostrils may be a cause of smell problems 20 The re
17、search is conducted in order to _. （ A） explore how nose works （ B） find ways to treat deformed noses （ C） study the relation between nostrils and smelling power （ D） find ways to deal with smelling problems 20 In the art of the Middle Ages, we never encounter the personality of the artist as an ind
18、ividual; rather it is diffused through the artistic genius of centuries embodied in the rules of religious art. Art of the Middle Ages is first a sacred script, the symbols and meanings of which were well settled. The circular halo placed vertically behind the head signifies sainthood, while the hal
19、o impressed with a cross signifies divinity. By bare feet, we recognize God, the angels, Jesus Christ and the apostles, but for an artist to have depicted the Virgin Mary with bare feet would have been tantamount to heresy. Several concentric, wavy lines represent the sky, while parallel lines water
20、 or the sea. A tree, which is to say a single stalk with two or three stylized leaves, informs us that the scene is laid on earth. A tower with a window indicates a village, and, should an angel be depicted with curly hair, and a short beard, while Saint Paul has always a bald head and a long beard.
21、 A second characteristic of this iconography is obedience to a sacred mathematics. “The Divine Wisdom,“ wrote Saint Augustine, “reveals itself everywhere in numbers“, a doctrine attributable to the neo-Platonists who revived the genius of Pythagoras. Twelve is the master number of the Church and is
22、the product of three, the number of the Trinity, and four, the number of material elements. The number seven, the most mysterious of all numbers, is the sum of four and three. There are the seven ages of man, seven virtues, seven planets. In the final analysis, the seven-tone scale of Gregorian musi
23、c is the sensible embodiment of the order of the universe. Numbers require also a symmetry. At Charters, a stained glass window show the four prophets, Isaac, Ezekiel, Daniel, and Jeremiah, carrying on their shoulders the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. A third characteristic of art
24、is to be a symbolic language, showing us one thing and inviting us to see an other. In this respect, the artist was called upon to imitate God, who had hidden a profound meaning behind the literal and wished nature itself to be a moral lesson to man. Thus, every painting is an allegory. In a scene o
25、f the final judgment, we can see the foolish virgins at the left hand of Jesus and the wise at his right, and we understand that this symbolizes those who are lost and those who are saved. Even seemingly insignificant details carry hidden meaning: The lion in a stained glass window is the figure of
26、the Resurrection. These, then, are the defining characteristics of art of the Middle Ages, a system within which even the most mediocre talent was elevated by the genius of the centuries. The artists of the early Renaissance broke with traditional at their own peril. When they are not outstanding, t
27、hey are scarcely able to avoid insignificance and banality in their religious works, and, even when they are great, they are no more than the equals of the old masters who passively followed the sacred rules. 21 What does the circular halo placed behind the head signify in the art of the Middle Ages
28、? （ A） Divinity. （ B） Sainthood. （ C） God. （ D） Sky. 22 Which of the following statements is NOT true about ;he characteristics of the art of the Middle Ages? （ A） It follows a kind of mathematics. （ B） Its religious art, employing symbols to convey its meanings. （ C） Art becomes an allegory, beyond
29、 each painting some profound meanings are hidden. （ D） Art of the Middle Ages embodies the personality of the artist in a diffused way. 23 How does the writer value art of the Middle Ages? （ A） The art of the Middle Ages is elevated by its religious and sacred facet. （ B） Artists of the Middle Ages
30、were absolutely talented. （ C） The art of the Middle Ages formed its own unique system. （ D） The religious works in the Middle Ages reached unparallel height in art. 23 The science of wildlife management is actually quite new. It is the third major phase of the original conservation movement. The fi
31、rst phase involved the preservation of wildlife through laws and hunting regulations. This phase was a reaction against the terrible destruction of many wild creatures. The second phase involved the control of certain birds and animals that were preying on other wildlife and causing their decline. H
32、owever, the first two phases of the conservation movement had serious limitations. The new laws al lowed certain animals to increase so much that they actually “ate up“ their habitat. Many of them starved to death because the land simply could not provide for them all. Something had to be done. This
33、 is how careful wildlife management came into being. One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation. It involves
34、care of plants and bushes, not only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals needs cover to hide from their natural enemies and to raise their offspring safely. Just as crops are harvested, wildlife too must sometimes be “harvested“. By allowing limited hunting and fishing, good manageme
35、nt can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat. Another major part of the wildlife management is the increasing of certain species by artificial means. Some creatures, like the whooping crane, were brought back from the edge of extinction in this way. In order to save the
36、se species, members of wildlife teams have reared the young in the safety of research stations. 24 The passage is mainly about _. （ A） the history of the wildlife conservation movement （ B） the preservation of wildlife through laws （ C） wildlife management as a new approach （ D） protection and impro
37、vement of the habitat of animals 25 Good wildlife management includes all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） carrying on a campaign against the terrible destruction of wild creatures （ B） preserving and improving the habitat （ C） regulating wildlife growth through hunting and fishing （ D） increasing wi
38、ldlife population by artificial means 25 Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such specia
39、l dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it.
40、Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades
41、 and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, which have occupied great numbers of men from re mote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, thoug
42、h highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and ha
43、ve contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the pro portion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political
44、science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the great freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, a
45、s all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called “popular science“ makes everybody acquainted with modem views and recen
46、t discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it-as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is al ways taking up new technical terms and ma
47、king them commonplace. 26 This passage is primarily concerned with _. （ A） a new language （ B） technical terminology （ C） various occupations and professions （ D） scientific undertakings 27 Special words used in technical discussion _. （ A） should be confined to scientific fields （ B） should resembl
48、e mathematical formulae （ C） are considered artificial speech （ D） may become part of common speech 28 It is true that _. （ A） the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him （ B） various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons （ C） there is always a clear-cut nontechnical word that may be substituted for the technical word （ D） an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms 29 The writer of this article was probably_. （ A） a linguist （ B） an attorney （ C） a scientist
