1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 677及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Job stress has become a common and costly problem in the American workplace, leaving few workers untouche
3、d. . General introduction to job stress 1)definition: harmful physical and【 1】 _ responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources or needs of the worker. 2)difference between challenge and job stress Challenge【 2】 _ us psychologically and physically and
4、when a challenge is met, we feel relaxed and satisfied. In the case of job stress, the stage is set for illness, injury and job failure. 3)prevention strategies for job stress: individual and【 3】 _ factors 【 4】 _ between work and family or personal life a support network of friends and coworkers a r
5、elaxed and positive outlook . Influences of job stress 1)early signs mood and sleep disturbances upset stomach and headache 【 5】 _ with family and friends 2)【 6】 diseases cardiovascular disease musculoskeletal disorders psychological disorders 3)inadequate job performance like absenteeism which has【
6、 7】 _ on the bottom line . Measures to reduce job stress 1)stress management training, such as employee assistance programs to provide【 8】 _for employees with work and personal problems inexpensive easy to implement reducing rapidly stress symptoms like anxiety and sleep disturbances beneficial effe
7、cts on stress symptoms are【 9】 _, because of focus on worker rather than environment 2)organizational change, that is, to bring in a consultant to improve【 10】 _ identification of stressful aspects of work design of strategies to reduce or eliminate the identified stressors 3)the most useful approac
8、h: a combination of organizational change and stress management 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are
9、 based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Employees in the US are paid for their time. This means that they are supposed to （ A） work hard while their boss is around. （ B） come to w
10、ork when there is work to be done. （ C） work with initiative and willingness. （ D） work through their lunch break. 12 One of the advantages of flexible working hours is that （ A） pressure from work can be reduced. （ B） working women can have more time at home. （ C） traffic and commuting problems can
11、 be solved. （ D） personal relationships in offices can be improved. 13 On the issue of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct? （ A） Performance at work matters more than anything else. （ B） There are laws protecting employees working rights. （ C） Good reasons must be provided in
12、 order to fire workers. （ D） Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones. 14 It can be assumed from the interview that an informal atmosphere might be found in （ A） small firms. （ B） major banks. （ C） big corporations. （ D） law offices. 15 The interview is mainly about _ in the USA. （ A）
13、office hierarchies （ B） office conditions （ C） office rules （ D） office life SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the q
14、uestions. 16 Which of the following statements about the American Defense Department is TRUE? （ A） It has denied the authenticity of the pictures of abused prisoners. （ B） It has supported the decision to stop the publication of the pictures. （ C） It has considered the pictures of abused prisoners u
15、nacceptable. （ D） It has been worrying about the violence incited by the pictures. 16 Marriage in Mens Lives is a courageous and innovative book: courageous because it tackles a politically and socially charged issue marriage as a social institution in a time when texts on the family portray marriag
16、e as just one of any number of equally valuable lifestyle choices; innovative because it looks closely at the ways in which a key social institution affects individuals, in this case, the way that marriage affects men. Even as sex differences within marriage have diminished, the role of husband stil
17、l plays a unique function in the lives of men. Steven Nock argues that adolescent boys face challenges in becoming men that adolescent girls do not face in becoming women. According to Nock, “Masculinity is precarious and must be sustained in adulthood. Normative marriage does this. A man develops,
18、sustains, and displays his masculine identity in his marriage. The adult roles that men occupy as husbands are core aspect of their masculinity.“ The behaviors expected of married men as husbands, according to Nock, are the same behaviors expected of husbands as men. So getting married and successfu
19、lly doing the things that husbands do allows men to achieve and sustain their masculinity. Nock argues that if marriage provides a mechanism through which men establish and maintain their masculinity, marriage should have consistent and predictable consequences. He reasons that normative marriage wi
20、ll have different consequences than other forms of marriage. Nock argues that marriage causes men to become more successful, participate in social life, and to become more philanthropic. This is, in todays climate of extreme caution about causal relationships, a bold claim. He tests it using data fr
21、om the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and fixed effect models, to separate changes that accompany aging from those that happen uniquely at marriage. To measure achievement, Nock uses annual income, annual weeks worked, and occupational prestige. He measures social participation with time spen
22、t on housework, social contacts, and organizational involvement; and he measures generosity with gifts to non-relatives and loans to relatives and non-relatives. To summarize his results too briefly, when men marry, their achievements rise on all measures; they reduce their time in housework; increa
23、se their contact with relatives, church services and church events, and coworkers; and decrease contact with friends and time in bars. When men marry, they give fewer and smaller gifts and loans to non-relatives and more and larger loans to relatives. Nock also looks at changes in each of the measur
24、es of adult achievement, social participation, and generosity with changes in each of the dimensions of normative marriage. He finds, generally, that moves toward normative marriage increase achievements, social participation with family and religious organizations, and generosity to relatives. Chan
25、ges toward more normative marriage also reduce mens time in housework, their social contacts with friends, and social events in bars. (465 words) 17 The authors attitude towards Nocks ideas is one of _. （ A） acknowledgement （ B） denial （ C） surprise （ D） ridicule 18 It can be inferred from the first
26、 paragraph that _. （ A） Nock is a strong advocate for keeping the marriage tradition （ B） nowadays moat people choose not to marry （ C） the way that marriage affects men is more important than the way it affects women （ D） Nock considers marriage only as one of the many equally valuable lifestyle ch
27、oices 19 According to Nock, the role of husband plays a unique function in the lives of men because _. （ A） most men now choose to challenge normative marriage by making free choice （ B） becoming a husband allows men achieve and sustain their masculinity （ C） men show their determination in sustaini
28、ng a key social institution through marriage （ D） marriage expects different things of men from what it does of women 20 What is the surprising claim made by Nock about normative marriage? （ A） It helps a man to develop, sustain and display his masculine identity. （ B） It helps a man to achieve more
29、 and perfect his integrity. （ C） Sex differences within marriage are diminishing, （ D） Maintaining too much masculinity after marriage can produce serious consequences. 21 This passage is most likely to be _. （ A） a survey of a book （ B） a review of the recent trend in marriage （ C） a scientific rep
30、ort （ D） a preface to a book 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 The best agriculture land in Britain is （ A） in the southeast of England. （ B） in the northeast of England. （ C） in the
31、 southeast of Scotland. （ D） in the northeast of Scotland. 23 The_of London is famous as centers for drama and music and is also a commercial center. （ A） City of London （ B） Greater London （ C） West end （ D） East end 24 The prevailing_winds or me Westerlies blow over the country all the year. （ A）
32、south-east （ B） south （ C） south-west （ D） west 25 Personal Social Services in the UK assist the following people EXCEPT （ A） elderly people. （ B） disabled people. （ C） people with learning disabilities or mental illness. （ D） the common people. 26 The input hypothesis is proposed by （ A） Stephen Kr
33、ashen. （ B） Norm Chomsky. （ C） Richard Schmidt. （ D） Michael Long. 27 Washington D.C. is named _. （ A） after the U.S. President George Washington （ B） after Christopher Columbus （ C） after both George Washington and Christopher Columbus （ D） after the U.S. scientist George Washington 28 The deepest
34、lake in Canada is （ A） Lake Superior. （ B） Great Bear Lake. （ C） Great Slave Lake. （ D） Lake Ontario. 29 Thoreaus_is full of eco-wisdom. （ A） Nature （ B） Self-Reliance （ C） Walden （ D） Moby Dick 30 _ made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711. （ A） Alexander
35、Pope （ B） John Bunyan （ C） Daniel Defoe （ D） Jonathan Swift 31 Which of the following is George Bernard Shaws first play? （ A） The Quintessence of Ibsenism （ B） The Perfect Wagnerite. （ C） Arms and the Man. （ D） Widowers Houses. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich f
36、ruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the corn, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every light breath that sweeps above it, as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the landscape with a golden hue. A mellow softness appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to
37、extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field, is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 44 With the advent of the Internet, in
38、formation can be spread with unprecedented speed and hence it is likely that people can make a name through the Internet overnight Some people driven by various motives seize the Internet to gain celebrity. Chanel Girl is the latest case. Do you think the Internet sensationalization is acceptable? W
39、rite an essay of a-bout 400 words on the following topic: Is Internet Sensationalization Acceptable? In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what y
40、ou have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 677答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-L
41、ECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will b
42、e given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Television Today, Id like to talk about television. I want to discuss with you televisions good and bad effects on our life. Television
43、 was invented in 1939. In the early 1950s, it entered into our households. Since then, millions of children have grown up in front of the TV set. Now, many people in the United States spend most of their free time watching television. It is reasonable to say that television plays an important role i
44、n our life. It has greatly changed peoples social and personal life. One should surely thank its inventors for the joy and the interest that they have brought into our life, for the information and education it has provided for both adults and children. Firstly, television has transformed informatio
45、n. It has opened a window in everybodys life. No newspaper has ever reached so many people and shown so clearly what was happening right now in their own country and everywhere else. Television not only gives the news instantly, it also shows it in pictures, which is more powerful than words. It can
46、 be said that television has brought reality to the public. Young men will never again go to war as they did in 1914, thinking that it was a romantic adventure. Millions of people now have seen the disaster that a war could bring to peoples life. The dead bodies, the blood, the homeless children, th
47、e flaming houses are all shown before your eyes through television. The result is a general revolt against war, and perhaps more interest in helping the victims of a war. Secondly, television has also transformed politics. With the help of television, now even people from the most remote area can fo
48、llow political issues, see and hear the candidates debate with each other on television. Through televisions intensive coverage on the election issue, people get to know the different parties platforms, their different domestic and foreign policies. When people are better informed, they are more lik
49、ely to vote. The larger the voter turnout is, the greater political democracy will be achieved. However, like almost anything else, television has its bad side as well as its good side. Many people now worry about the effects that television has on our life, on society in general, and especially on the young people. Firstly, sociologists think that television increases the gap between people. As most of peoples free
