1、专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 7及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after th
2、e mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Culture Shock I. Culture shock People have difficulty in (1)_to a new culture completely d
3、ifferent from their own. The shock consists of distinct phases. 1) Honeymoon Phase a. romantic,wonderful and new b. love the new culture: food, pace of life, habits, building, etc. c. associate with the nationals and polite to foreignei d. full of (2)_and new discoveries 2) (3)_Phase a. difficulties
4、; language, housing, work, friends, school, work, etc. b. cultural differences become apparent and create (4)_ c. feelings of frustration and anger d. longing for things in their native country e. disappointment and depression 3) Adjustment Phase a. accustomed to the new culture and developing (5) _
5、 b. things become more normal c. accepting the new culture positively d. adaptation and constructive response to culture shock 4) Mastery Phase a. fully and completely participating the host culture b. often referred to as (6)_stage II. (7) _Culture Shock 1) also called “ re-entry shock “ or “ own c
6、ulture shock“ ; 2) when returning to ones home culture, one finds it more difficult to (8)_. III. Basic Outcomes of Culture Shock 1) Rejectors: impossible to accept new culture and integrate. 2) Adopters: integrate fully the host culture and lose the original identity. 3) Cosmopolitan: create a uniq
7、ue (9)_by adapting to the host culture while keeping some of their own. IV. Transition Shock 1) Transition shock is a state of loss and disorientation. 2) The symptoms are various. 3) (10)_: Dont sleep excessively; Write home,spend time with people; Adjust yourself to the new culture. 10 The English
8、 Renaissance The English Renaissance dates from the late 15th and early 16th centuries to the early 17th century. The beginning is often taken as 1485, when the Wars of the Roses ended. The (1)_is the Elizabethan period in the second half of the 16th century. I. Literature 1. English literature incr
9、eased as the (2)_ became common 2. Drama and Poetry: Elizabethan literature Edmund Spenser;the Faerie Queene William Shakespeare: lyrics Thomas Wyatt and others 3. Theatre; for the court, nobility, (3)_ Giant figures; Christopher Marlowe, Shakespeare, Ben Johnson,Elizabeth Impacts; 1) The Tudor mona
10、rchs were highly (4)_ 2) Italian literature provided sources for many of Shakespeares plays II. Visual arts 1. England was (5)_in Renaissance style visual arts, and the artists were mainly imported until after the end of the Renaissance. 2. The English Reformation produced a huge programme of iconoc
11、lasm that destroyed the medieval religious art. 3. English art was to be dominated by (6)_, and then later landscape art III. architecture architecture is prosperous during the Renaissance a true Renaissance style emerged until the Elizabethan times the Elizabethan architecture was influenced more b
12、y (7)_than Italy the buildings are large show houses constructed for courtiers the style continued into the early 17th century church architecture continued in Gothic style until the Reformation IV. Comparison of the English Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance 1. Dominant art forms of the Englis
13、h Renaissance were literature and (8)_. 2. The English period began far later than the Italian. V. Criticism on the Renaissance Many cultural historians contended that the “English Renaissance“ has no real tie with the artistic achievements and the aims of the northern Italian Renaissance artists. T
14、he word “Renaissance“ was considered as an unnecessarily loaded word that implies an unambiguously positive “ (9)_“ from the supposedly more primitive Middle Ages. Instead they prefer to use the term “ early modem“ that (10)_the period as a transitional one that led to the modern world. 20 American
15、Literature A literature is the record of human experience and people have always been impelled to write down their impressions of life. Specific characteristics of the American literature are as follows; I. The beginning of the American literature The first English colonies in Virginia and New Engla
16、nd. Colonists came to find religious (1)_ and prosperity. No spirit of (2) _;English legends,ballads, poems and the richness of the English language. The history of American literature is short. A mirror reflecting the social life and the product of the development of the American society. II. The i
17、nfluence of Puritanism 1) Puritanism Supreme view of (3)_ Puritans demand for a (4)_population 2) Puritan life Harsh and unlovely life Puritans zeal,courage,and moral nature Man is (5)_of evil actions III. Periods of the American literature A. from 1607 to 1765;Colonial Period; B. from 1765 to rough
18、ly 1830; the Early National and Revolutionary Period; C. from 1830 to 1865:the Romantic Period; D. from 1865 to 1900:the (6)_Period; E. from 1900 to 1930; the Naturalistic and Symbolistic Period; F. from 1930 to 1960:the Modern Period; G. from 1960 until now:the Postmodern Period. IV. Terms American
19、 Renaissance;the period of 1850 1855 Transcendentalism;Ralph Waldo Emersons masterpiece (7)_. American Romanticism. Realism; a reaction against“ the lie “ of Romanticism and Sentimentalism. American Naturalisms somber and dark picture; the general tone is (8)_. Imagism: a reaction to the traditional
20、 English poetic principle in the 1920s. V. Characteristics of the American (9)_ literature The scope is broad. The meaning is deeper and more complex. Modern writing is technically sophisticated. The language is simpler. There is more (10)_. 专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 7答 案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
21、 Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be give
22、n two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Culture Shock Good morning,everybody. Today we are going to talk about culture shock. (1) Culture shock refers to the difficulty people have
23、adjusting to a new culture that differs markedly from their own. The shock of moving to a foreign country often consists of distinct phases, though not everyone passes through these phases and not everyone is in the new culture long enough to pass through all. There are no fixed symptoms ascribed to
24、 culture shock as each person is affected differently. The first phase is often named as honeymoon phase. During this period the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light,wonderful and new. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new foods
25、, the pace of the life,the peoples habits,the buildings and so on. During the first few weeks most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with the nationals that speak their language and are polite to the foreigners. (2) This period is full of observations and new discoveries. Like
26、 many honeymoons this stage eventually ends. When an individual sets out to study, live or work in a new country, he or she will invariably experience difficulties with language,housing,friends,school,work. (4) After some time, usually three months but it may be sooner or later depending on the indi
27、vidual, differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. That sense of excitement will eventually give way to new and unpleasant feelings of frustration and anger as you continue to have unfavorable encounters that strike you as strange, offensive and unacceptable.
28、 One may long for food the way it is prepared in ones native country, may find the pace of life too fast or slow, may find the peoples habits annoying, disgusting and irritating etc. (3) This phase is often called negotiation phase, which is marked by mood swings caused by minor issues or without ap
29、parent reason. This is where excitement turns to disappointment and more and more differences start to occur. Depression is not uncommon. Again,after some time of usually 6-12 months, one enters the adjustment phase in which one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows wh
30、at to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more “normal“. One starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture, and begins to accept the culture ways with a positive attitude
31、. The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and responses to the culture are reduced. Reaching this stage requires a constructive response to culture shock with effective means of adaptation. With this gradual adaptation,people get to the final phase mastery phase. In the mastery stag
32、e assignees are able to participate fully and comfortably in the host culture. Mastery does not mean total conversion,and people are capable of not adopting some aspects of the host culture. (6) It is often referred to as the biculturalism stage. In addition, we also have to mention reverse culture
33、shock, which is also called “ re-entry shock“ , or “ own culture shock“. It may take place returning to ones home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects as described above. This results from the psychosomatic and psychological consequences of the readjustment proc
34、ess to the primary culture. (8) The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock. Culture shock has many different effects, time spans, and degrees of severity. Many people are handicapped by its presence and dont recognize what is bothe
35、ring them. There are mainly three basic outcomes of the adjustment; Firstly,some people find it impossible to accept the foreign culture and integrate. They isolate themselves from the host countrys environment, which they come to perceive as hostile,withdraw into a “ghetto“and see return to their o
36、wn culture as the only way out. These “Rejectors“ also have the greatest problems re-integrating back home after return. Secondly, some people integrate fully and take on all parts of the host culture while losing their original identity. They normally remain in the host country forever. This group
37、is sometimes know as “Adopters“. Finally, some people manage to adapt the aspects of the host culture they see as positive, while keeping some of their own and creating their unique blend. They have no major problems returning home or relocating elsewhere. This group can be thought to be somewhat co
38、smopolitan. Culture shock is a subcategory of a more universal construct called transition shock. Transition shock is a state of loss and disorientation predicated by a change in ones familiar environment which requires adjustment. There are many different symptoms of transition shock, some of which
39、 include; excessive concern over cleanliness and health,feelings of helplessness and withdrawal,irritability,glazed stare,desire for home and old friends, physiological stress reactions, homesickness, boredom, getting “stuck“ on one thing, excessive sleep, compulsive eating, drinking, or weight gain
40、, stereotyping host nationals,hostility towards host nationals,etc. Culture Shock can not only occur after a honeymoon phase, but directly upon arrival in the country. You may immediately begin to miss your home country, even things you didnt like about it, and miss your home foods, family .friends,
41、 etc. It is not advisable to sleep excessively, isolate yourself, or have anger towards your host people. You should write,spend time with the host family,or people,and try to adjust yourself to the cultureincluding eating even if you are not hungry, sleeping at normal times not when you feel you sh
42、ould, and adjusting yourself to the time change. (10) Though these solutions may not work on everybody, you should try hard. This is the end of our lecture. Thank you! 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 adjusting 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座一开始对文化休克现象给予了 解释说明：Culture shock refers to the difficulty people have adjusting to a ne
43、w culture that differs markedly from their own文化休克是指人们对于新文化的适应过程产生的一些困难和问题。故填入 adjusting。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 observations 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处主要讲到文化休克现象的第一个阶段：蜜月期的一些表现和特征。其中提到 This period is full of observations and new discoveries人们对外界充满了好奇，喜欢观察和探索新事物。因此填入observations. 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 Negotiation 【试
44、题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到了文化休克现象第三个阶段的特征。 This phase is often called negotiation phase， which is marked by mood swings caused by minor issues or without apparent reason因为一些小问题，情绪会无缘无故地变得不稳定，处于协调新旧文化的时期。故应填人 Negotiation。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 anxiety 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者讲到了协调阶段的一些表现和特征： After some time， usually thr
45、ee months but it may be sooner or later depending on the individual， differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety通常经过三个月左右的时间，新旧文化的差异和冲突开始显现，人们可能会产生一种焦虑。因此填入 anxiety。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 routines 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到了文化休克的第三个阶段的特征： after some time of usually 6-12 m
46、onths， one enters the adjustment phase in which one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines即调整适应期的表现： 人们逐渐适应新的文化，并形成自己新的日常行为模式。因此填入routines。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 biculturalism 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处演讲者指出最后一个阶段完全适应期的表现：人们完全投入到新文化影响的日常生活工作中， It is often referred to as the bicuhuralism stage通
47、常这一时期也可以称为 “二元文化阶段 ”，因此填入bicuhuralism。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 Reverse 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。演讲者又讲到了新的表现： “反向文化休克 ”， In addition， we also have to mention reverse culture shock， which is also called“reentry shock”， or“own culture shock” “反向文化休 克 ”又可以称为 “回归性文化休克 ”或者 “原文化休克 ”，是指适应新的文化后又回归本民族文化时产生的不适应，故填入 Reverse。 【
48、知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 readjust 【试题解析】 本题为推断题。此处主要讲出现 “反向文化休克 ”现象后，人的表现，文中提到 The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock即他们 会更难适应自己的原文化，因此可以推断，本题填入 readjust。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 blend 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。作者讲到文化休克产生的第三种人：cosmopolitan，世界主义者，即 “四海
49、为家者 ”。 Finally， some people manage to adapt the aspects of the host culture they see as positive， while keeping some of their own and creating their unique blend他们具有很强的适应能力，不仅能很快适应新的文化，还能保持自身文化的一些特色，从而形成一种独特的融合，故填入 blend。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 solutions 【试题解析】 本题为概括题。作者认为在文化过渡时期要调整好自身情况，不应该睡眠过度，甚至将自己与外人孤立开来等等，这些都不利于适应新文化的调整。最后提到 Though these solutions may not wor
