1、专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 9及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after th
2、e mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Cultural Differences in Business When you conduct business overseas or play host to intern
3、ational visitors, cultural differences should be well (1)_. By making an effort to close the culture gap, youll gain respect, increase (2)_and foster healthy business relationships. Dos and donts in international commerce: I. Addressing people 1) Greetings Americans: (3)_and informal Germans and Jap
4、anese;unlikely to use first names Asians-less eye and physical contact 2) Handshake Universal handshake: a single pump handshake lasting a few seconds Latins; smaller personal space; (4)_is common Asians and Germans;more distance Japanese; bow from the waist 3) Punctuality Punctuality is (5)_for Asi
5、an and German associates. 4) Business cards exchanging emphasis on (6)_ exchanging and studying the cards properly 5) Formality Germans, Japanese and Latins value more formality than Americans. n. Business meals Western style:fork and knife Asian style; (7)_ III. (8)_in gift giving and accepting 1)
6、Japanese white;color of death four; unlucky gifts giving and receiving: with a slight bow and are not opened in front of the guests 2) Latins gifts of knives; (9)_of the relationship 3) Germans red roses; romantic interests carnations; (10)_ 4) Mexicans and Brazilians purple; the color of death 10 N
7、ote-Taking I. Why to take notes? Notes are an aid to memory. There are system of (1)_and recalling the information you will need when you write an essay. Notes provide the raw material of your set essay topic. The process of taking notes helps you to (2)_ideas and arguments,select relevant points. I
8、I. When to take notes? In the early stages of reading,you may make notes on the important points or sections after first skimming. At a later stage, you will underline key points of essential(3)_materials or texts. III. What and how much to note? You should know the writers (4)_ in the passage. It w
9、ill not be precisely the same with your essay topic. When you are working in history or literature, you will have to include many direct (5)_in your notes. You should keep your purpose clear, so that you can select and record relevant material in as much (6)_as you want. IV. How to take notes? For c
10、lear identification,your notes must be headed clearly with all the (7)_ facts. You must record the author, title, place of (8)_, publisher and edition,and date. You should set up flexible system so that you can (9)_your notes easily. You should leave enough space for comment, so (10)_are useful. 20
11、How to Get the Most from Your College Professor I. Daily routine in college Get up in the morning Go to attend (1)_ Go and read the textbook Make sense of what the professor said II. Know your professor Use the schools (2)_ The professors area of expertise The professors (3)_interests The professors
12、 personal interests Learn more about the professors interests Start a (4)_with your professor Dont do this while the professor is busy (5)_ Help with the professors chores and try to find a chance to chat III. Get a syllabus The syllabus is a (6)_between the professor and the students. A syllabus in
13、cludes; The professors contact information Office hours (7)_policy Readings Dates for exams and projects due IV. (8)_ Try sitting up front Listen and take notes during class (9)_any questions you have Put a hand up when youre not clear V. Use the professors office hours Go to the professors office w
14、ith specific questions Bring in a (10)_or an outline on a project or term paper Discuss on your unclear assignments 专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 9答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on
15、the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank
16、sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Cultural Differences in Business Today we are going to talk about the cultural differences in business. As English majors, you are not only learning how to communicate with people in other countries in English,you should also know the cultural differences when you are
17、 communicating, especially in business communicating situations. What do you do when a new Japanese business associate hands you his card? Why should you never send carnations to a German? What is the most common way to greet a Latin? They are all what you should pay attention to in your business wi
18、th foreigners. When you conduct business overseas or play host to international visitors, (1)it makes good business sense to understand and appreciate their cultural differences. By making an effort to close the culture gap, (2)youll gain respect,increase credibility and foster healthy business rela
19、tionships. Although its impossible to generalize guidelines for all cultures,here are some dos and donts with respect to three nationalities that have become major players in international commerce. Well look at the Japanese, Latins and Germans when it comes to how to address them,their concepts of
20、time,their dining styles,and appropriate gifts. Firstly, addressing people vary from different countries. (3) As Americans, they tend to be much more casual and informal when we meet people. Their natural inclination to be familiar can put some people on edge. Germans and Japanese,for example, are v
21、ery unlikely to use first names in business. Asians prefer to use less eye and physical contact. A universal handshake that most cultures are comfortable with is a single pump handshake that lasts a few seconds. Latins are prone to touch and to smaller personal space,while Asians and Germans enjoy m
22、ore distance. (4)The Latin hug is common between men and men or between women and women. At home,the Japanese are more comfortable with a bow from the waist. Be sure not to refer to Japanese as“foreigners“ or “orientals“ but instead as international visitors and Asians. With Asian and German associa
23、tes, punctuality is a must! It is safe to begin a meeting with a more formal tone that can always be relaxed by following their lead. (6) Business cards are treated with more respect by people from other countries, and there is a strong emphasis on titles ami positions. It is helpful to have your ca
24、rds printed in their language on the back if you are regularly dealing with a particular country. Germans will include university degrees and often the companys founding date on their cards, so you may need to add similar information to yours. Have a good supply of business cards whenever conducting
25、 business with the Japanese. Offer a short bow. Present the card so the recipient can read it. Study any card you are offered,receive it with both hands and put it in a respectful place,such as a wallet or breast pocket. It is also a sign of respect to learn a few simple sentences in the other perso
26、ns language to show that you appreciate his or her culture. Germans,Japanese and Latins value more formality in manners than Americans. Dont stand with hands on hips or talk with hands in pockets. Be tolerant about smoking, as Japanese and Europeans smoke more than Americans. Avoid speaking in a lou
27、d voice. Respect privacy and a sense of order with Germans. Latins enjoy discussing family, whereas Germans and Japanese generally do not. Secondly, people behave differently at meals. At business meals, more time is spent on building relationships rather than rushing straight to work. It is appropr
28、iate to eat with the silverware constantly in both hands. Most of the world eats in continental style with the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right, eating off the back of the fork. However,on the other hand,it is uncomfortable when people keep both of their wrists above the table for th
29、e whole meal. Americans usually place the hand we are not eating or drinking with on our laps. Europeans often find it strange and may wonder what they are doing! When you eat with chopsticks, never leave your sticks standing up in the bowl and never leave them crossed. If you are serving yourself,
30、turn them around and use the ends you havent used to eat. It is polite in any culture to try different foods. Never make a negative comment about the food. Asians consider it appropriate to pick up soup and rice bowls while eating. Some groups even show their pleasure by slurping their soup and nood
31、les. In Germany, Japan and Brazil, the service charge may be included in the bill. In Latin countries and in Germany, the main meal is served at midday. The last tip is on gift giving and accepting. (8) Be aware that gifts are important. but some may be taboo in certain cultures. For example,for the
32、 Japanese people, white is the color of death and four of anything is unlucky. And gifts are normally given and received with a slight bow and are not opened in front of the guests. (9) For the Latins. gifts of knives suggest “cutting“ of the relationship. (10) For Germans.red roses signal romantic
33、interests,and carnations signify death. For Mexicans and Brazilians,purple is the color of death,so its best to avoid purple flowers and gifts. To sum up, we have mentioned the cultural differences of formality, manners at meals and gift giving and accepting in different countries. In a word,when yo
34、u are in doubt about how to act in a certain situation, ask questions. If you are communicating through an interpreter,remember to look at your business associate who is being interpreted, not at the interpreter. International protocol is a fascinating but often frightening element of doing business
35、 in this global economy. By becoming an enthusiastic student of cultural differences and helping international business associates learn more about our culture,you will leave a more favorable and memorable impression. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 understood and appreciated 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座中提到当人们参与国际商务时， it ma
36、kes good business sense to understand and appreciate their cultural differences即文化差异应该受到关注或者充分认识，因此可填入 understood and appreciated，或者两者之一也可。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 credibility 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者讲到通过努力填平文化差异的鸿沟，国际商务参与者可以 gain respect increase credibility and foster healthy business relationships即获取尊重，增强信任和
37、促进良好的商务关系，因此填入credibility。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 casual 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者讲到第一个方面 打招呼。商务交往中，美国人 tend to be much more casual and informal when we meet people，即显得更加随意，不拘礼节，因此填入 casual。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 hug 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到了拉丁人的握手礼节，其中讲到 The Latin hug is common between men and men or between women and
38、women，故答案为 hug。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 a must necessary important 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到对于亚洲和德国的商业合作伙伴来讲，punctuality is a must!守时是必须的，非常重要的。答案为 a must，或者填入necessary或 important亦可。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 titles and positions 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到的是收发名片。 Business cards are treated with more respect and there is a str
39、ong emphasis on titles and positions即在名片上通常会强调头衔和职位，因此答案为 titles and positions。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 chopsticks 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到的是商务用餐方面的中西方差异。西方人使用刀和叉，而亚 洲人主要是用筷子，而且文中讲的是使用筷子的一些注意事项和禁忌，因此填入 chopsticks。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 Taboo 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座第三方面主要讲到的是收发礼物。 Be aware that gifts are important， but s
40、ome may be taboo in certain cultures收发礼物时也要注意不同文化中的一些禁忌，因此答案为 taboo。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 cutting 【试 题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到拉丁人收发礼物的禁忌，他们认为送刀子作为礼物表示双方友谊的破裂 (“cutting”of the relationship)，故答案为 cutting。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 death 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到德国人收发礼物的禁忌， For Germans，red roses signal romantic interests， and
41、 carnations signify death，德国人认为红玫瑰有浪漫的气息而康乃馨则意味着死亡 故此处应填入 death。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 Note-Taking Good morning. Id like to begin by saying how pleased I am that so many of you have come to the first of our study skills sessions this term. Today Ill talk about how to take notes. Note-taking is quite a
42、n interesting topic to discuss. First I would ask, why do you take notes? I think you might consider two reasons. First,notes are an aid to memory. Obviously if you are reading for a long essay over a period of weeks, or for two or three essays simultaneously, (1) then you must have some systems of
43、sorting and recalling the information you will need when you finally come to plan and write the essay. Second,your notes provide the raw material on which your mind must work in relation to your set essay topic. And you will need certain types of information, such as;facts,figures and direct quotati
44、ons. They must be available quickly and accurately, When you take notes, the process of doing it helps you to summarize ideas and arguments, select points relevant to your purpose, and finally understand and interpret the original source. So note-taking is an important stage in developing your under
45、standing of your topic. Your notes will provide the basis for your thinking and the materials for your essay. You may ask; when do I take notes? It really depends on your own purpose and the stage of reading you have reached. In your early stages of reading when you are skimming material of a genera
46、l nature, you will probably not want to make any notes at all, until after you have finished your skimming and have got a feel for the subject. Then you may find it useful to go back and make notes on the points or section within the general survey which seemed important to you. At a later stage of
47、reading, when you can recognize to underline key points or make marginal notes, you will probably want to do this with essential source materials or original texts which you must study in detail and refer to constantly. Now we come to the question;what do you note,and how much do you take notes from
48、 reading? We often consider the following three ways: First,what is the writers intention in the passage? You know the writer has selected and structured his material to suit his intentions, but these are unlikely to be precisely the same focus as your essay topic. Therefore, while recognizing the w
49、riters own purpose,you must sift his information and ideas according to your own interests. The same holds true for lectures and tutorials. And then,the discipline in which you are working. In disciplines in which you are working with original sources, for example, history or literature,(5) you, will have to
