[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(哲理类汉译英)模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级(哲理类汉译英)模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 人的一生好比马拉松赛跑。人人都有最后一圈,这一圈通常属于人生道路漫长的老人。七老八十的人,穿过艰难的世途,穿过芸芸众生,穿过重重障碍,于是到了人生的最后一圈。 这一圈路程有长有短,跑得有快有慢。有的人稳健有力,从容不迫;有的人歪歪扭扭,步子不正;有的人拖 拖沓沓,蹒跚不前。也有跑入歪道的人,或跑不快还要挡道的人。或不按竞赛规则乱跑的人,都是注定要失败的。 谁能跑好这最后一

2、罔,谁就是胜利者。 2 一个人生活在世上,就好像水泥搅拌器里的石子一样,运转起来之后,身不由己。使我们感觉到,不是某一个人的问题,而是社会问题,而是文化问题。耶稣临死的时候说: “宽容他们 !他们做的他们不知道。 ”年轻时候读这句话,觉得稀松平常,长大之后,也觉得这句话没有力量。但是到了我现在这个年龄,才发现这句话多么深奥,多么痛心。使我想到我们中国人,成了今天这个样子, 我们的丑陋,来自于我们不知道我们丑陋。 我到爱荷华,我们夫妇的经费是由爱荷华大学出一半,再由私人捐助一半,捐助一半的是爱荷华燕京饭店老板,一位从没有回过中国的中国人裴竹章先生,我们从前没见过面,捐了一个这么大的数目,使我感动

3、。他和我谈话,他说: “我在没有看你的书之前,我觉得中国人了不起,看了你的书之后,才觉得不是那么一回事,所以说,我想请你当面指教。 ” 3 这么美丽的玫瑰剪下来,让人心疼。她抓紧我的袖子叮咛:千万不能剪啊。玫瑰是泥土的微笑,谁忍心杀戮美得醉人的微笑 ? 我的灵魂悚然一 惊,丑陋的泥土,卑微的泥土朴素的泥土,因为玫瑰,露出了惊艳一笑。因为这一笑,让人爱惜非常。 江南的紫砂壶 s玲珑剔透,泥人张的彩塑令人拍案叫绝,它们不都是泥土的微笑吗 ?弥足珍贵。即使曾丑陋,即使曾卑微,即使曾朴素,同样让人肃然起敬。 我懂得了,即使再平凡的人,也没有理由被埋没,只要努力活出色彩,一定叫人刮目相看。 4 有一种人

4、我最不喜欢和他下棋,那便是太有涵养的人。杀死他一大块,或是抽了他一个车,他神色自若,不动火,不生气,好像是无关痛痒,使得你觉得索然寡味。 君子无所争,下 棋却是要争的。当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候,对方的头上青筋暴露,黄豆股的汗珠一颗颗地在额上陈列出来,或哭丧着睑作惨笑,或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状,或抓耳挠腮,或大叫一声,或长吁短叹,或自怨自艾口中念念有词,或一串串的噎嗝打个不休,或红头涨脸如关公,种种现象,不一而足,这时节你 “行有余力 ”便可以点起一支烟,或啜一碗茶,静静地欣赏对方的苦闷的象征。我想猎人困逐一只野兔的时候,其愉快大概略相仿佛。 因此我悟出一点道理,和人下棋的时候,如果有机会使对方受

5、窘,当然无所不用其极,如果被对方所窘,便努力作出不介意状,因为既 不能积极地给对方以烦恼,只好消极地减少对方的乐趣。 专业英语八级(哲理类汉译英)模拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 【正确答案】 Human life can be likened to the marathon race. All people, especially the aged who have already seen much of life, have t

6、he last lap. Septuagenarians and octogenarians are on the last lap of their lives after experiencing the twists and turns of lifes journey, meeting human beings of all descriptions and going through one obstacle after another. The last lap may be long or short; the runners may be fast or slow. Some

7、may run with firm and steady steps and self-possession; some may run very unsteadily and out of step; some may be sluggish and run with faltering steps. What is worse, some may resort to dishonest practices;some, being slow themselves, may purposely stand in the way of others; some may run without a

8、dhering to the rules of the competition. Such people are doomed to failure. Whoever acquits himself well on the last lap is a winner. 【试题解析】 本篇选自著名散文家何为的随笔最后一圈。作者把人生的晚年比作马拉松长跑的最后一圈,鼓励老年人保持晚节,跑好最后一圈,力求老有所为,发挥余热。文章条理清晰,但翻译上的一些细节做来并非易事,如原文四字格的翻译,便是本篇的难点。 1 好比: be likened to。 2 人生道路漫长的老人:意译为 “the aged w

9、ho have already seen much of life”。 3 七老八十的人:译为 “septuagenarian and octogenarians”比 “someone whose age is in the seventies or eighties”更为简洁。 4 “穿过艰难的世途,穿过芸芸众生,穿过重重障碍 ”这三个排比是此篇的难点之一。不可直译,须意译,且注意动词 “穿过 ”的三种不同表达。 5 穿过艰难的世途:即 “经历迂回曲折或艰难的人生之旅 ”,故译为“experiencing the twists and turns of lifes journey”(twis

10、ts and turns是成语,意为“迂回曲折 ”、 “艰难 ”)。 6 穿过芸芸众生:即 “遇见各式各样的人 ”,故译为 “meeting human beings of all descriptions”。 7 穿过重重障碍:即 “经受一次又一次的艰险阻碍 ”故译为 “going through one obstacle after another”。 8 第二段四字格翻译较多,是本篇翻译的另一个难点。 “稳健有力,从容不迫 ”译为 “run with firm and steady steps and self-possession”(self-possession: the trait

11、 of resolutely controlling your own behaviour沉着,泰然自若 )。 9 歪歪扭扭,步子不正:译为 “run very unsteadily and out of step”(out of step作“步调不一致 ”、 “不合拍 ”解 )。 10拖拖沓沓,蹒跚不前:译为 “be sluggish and run with faltering steps”(sluggish:行动迟缓的、迟钝的; faltering: unsteady in speech or action蹒跚的、支吾的 )。 11跑人歪道:意译为 “resort to dishones

12、tpractices”(resort to:依靠,求助于;诉诸 )。 12谁能跑好这最后一圈:译为 “Whoever acquits himself well on the last lap”(acquit oneself well:表现良好 )。 【知识模块】 哲理类汉译英 2 【正确答案】 Life is a little bit like a stone in a cement mixer: when it gets tossed around with the other ingredients, it loses control of its own existence. I cou

13、ld cite similar analogies, but the conclusion I always come to is that the problems of the Chinese people are not individual but rather social and cultural problems. Before he died. Jesus said. “Forgive them, for they know not what they do“. When I first heard that statement as a child. I thought it

14、 rather bland and frivolous, and as I grew older I continued to feel that it lacked substance. Only now do I appreciate its profundity and bitter irony. Jesus words taught me that the Chinese peoples ugliness grows out of our own ignorance of the fact that we are ugly. The expenses for our trip to t

15、he United States were borne by Iowa University and Pei Zhuzhang, the owner of the Yenching Restaurant in Iowa City. Pei is a Chinese-American who had never set foot on China, nor met me before. His generosity moved me deeply. He said, “Before reading your books, I felt that the Chinese people were a

16、 great people. After reading them my thinking changed entirely. Your books inspired me and made me want to hear you speak in person.“ 【试题解析】 丑陋的中国人是台湾作家柏杨先生的著名作品,其实是一部他在各地以丑陋的中国人为题演讲的合集。作者指出中国传统文化有一种滤过性疾病,这种疾病使我们的子子孙孙受感染,到今天也不能痊愈。这篇杂文虽不如鲁迅先生的杂文来得犀利,但是更为深刻,翻译时要注意用词。 1 “一个人生活在世上 ” :这里 “一个人生活在世上 ”,无需译成

17、 “when people live in this world”,只需要翻译成 “life is like” ,这样更显简练。 2 运转起来之后:这里用 “toss”更好,因为是在水泥搅拌器里, “toss”更能体现出搅拌的意味。 3 身不由己:这里的意思是身处社会中,人失去对自己的控制,所以用 “loses control of its own existence”更为贴切。 4 “使我们感觉到,不是某一个人的问题,而是社会问题,而是文化问题。 ”:在这句话的翻译中,作者增译 “I could cite similar analogies”以此作为强调。 “不是 而是 ” 可以使用 “no

18、tbut” 句型,中文喜用散句,而英文喜用整句,故此句可合译为一句 话: “The conclusion I always come to is that the problems of the Chinese people are not individual but rather social and cultural problems ”。 5 耶稣临死的时候说: “宽容他们 !他们做的他们不知道。 ”:圣经中多用简单词汇,所以即使没有读过圣经,也可以译出。全句译为: Before he died, Jesus said, “Forgive them, for they know not

19、 what they do”。 6 “年轻时候读这句话,觉得稀松平常 ” : “稀松平常 ”如果翻译成 “common things”则太显平淡,如用两个形容词 “bland”和 “frivolous”表明 “稀松 ”和 “平常 ”则更夺人眼球。 7 “ 这句话没有力量 ”:说明作者觉得上述所言缺乏实质,不能给人力量,故可意译为 “lacked substance”,如若译成: “statement lacks power ”则显得不地道。 8 “但是到了我现在这个年龄 ”:此句中 “到了我现在这个年 龄 ”如若译成 “when it comes to my age”略显累赘,只需译为 “no

20、w”就可以了。 9 “ 才发现这句话多么深奥,多么痛心 ”: “才发现 ” 可用强调句式“Only” 的倒装句, “发现 ”一词可以用 “appreciate”,透露出作者随年龄增长能品味出 “Jesusstatement”的意义。全句译为: “Only now do I appreciate its profundity and bitter irony ”这里用 “bitter irony”来表明作者的痛苦,讽刺。 10 “使我想到我们中国人,成了今天这个样子,我们的丑陋,来自于我们不知道我们丑陋 ”:整句话缺少一个主语,但是从整个句子可以看出,主语为“Jesusstatement”,但因

21、前文已用过 “statement”一词,故此处可以用 “word”代替。 “来自于 ”可以译成 “grow out of”, “out of”有 “出于 ” 的意思。全句译为: “Jesuswords taught me mat the Chinese peoples ugliness grows out of our own ignorance of the fact that we are ugly ”。 【知识模块】 哲理类汉译英 3 【正确答案】 To cut such beautiful roses would hurt one, she said. With her hands c

22、lutching at my sleeves, she told me that by no means should they be cut. Roses are the smiling face of the earth, and who could be so iron-hearted as to destroy a smile so exhilarating? My mind was thoroughly boggled: the ugly earth, the humble earth, the plain earthit is only because of the roses t

23、hat it reveals an amazing and bright smile, and it is for the sake of that smile that it wins the care and pity of men. Both the exquisiteness of the boccaro teapots made in south China, and the shockingly beautiful sculptures by Clay Sculptor Zhang of Tianjinarent they all smiles of the earth? They

24、 are such exquisite treasures thateven if they look ugly, humble, plain, or whatever they no doubt deserve respect and veneration. Now I understand that no-one, however ordinary, should be condemned to anonymity, and that anyone who adds a dash of colour to life deserves our respect. 【试题解析】 这篇散文语言朴素

25、,比较生活化,却不庸俗。我们都是平凡的人,平凡得如随处可见的泥土。但所有的农作物都要种在土里,再美丽的花也要扎根在土里。那些丰硕的果实,那些美丽的花,都是泥土的成果,泥土的分身。所以,努力地活着,活出属于自己的色彩,就不再是平凡的泥土,平凡的人 !翻译时,也应当把握住这一点,原文朴素,却不庸俗。应从语言上体现其特点。 1 千万不能剪啊,玫瑰是泥土的微笑,谁忍心杀戮美得醉人的微笑:这一句要注意句子的拆分,译文应当分成两句从意思上来看, “千万不能剪啊 ”有语气词“啊 ”在末尾,语气较重,单独处理为一句话。后面的两个 “微笑 ”相互呼应,放到一起译为第二句话。故译为 “She told me th

26、at by no means should they be cut Roses are the smiling face of the earth, and who could be so iron-hearted as to destroy a smile so exhilarating?”。 2 灵魂悚然一惊: “悚然 ”意为 “由于惊觉、害怕而犹疑 ”, boggle意为 “to overwhelm with wonder or bewilderment”,故译为 “My mind was thoroughly boggled”。 3 丑陋的泥土,卑微的泥土,朴素的泥土,因为玫瑰,露出了

27、惊艳一笑:在这句话中, 三个 “ 的泥土 ”并列为 “露出了惊艳一笑 ”的主语,故译为 “the ugly earth, the humble earth, the plain earthit is only because of the roses that it reveals an amazing and bright smile ”。 4 因为 因为 :此处使用了两个强调句。故第二句译为 “it is for the sake of that smile that it wins the care and pity of men ”。 5 紫砂壶: the boccaro teapot

28、s。 6 令人拍案叫绝的泥塑: the shockingly beautiful sculptures。 7 弥足珍贵: 中文可以接着上文说 “弥足珍贵 ”,但英文则必须有主语,且意思上应与后面的句子连在一起,可 用 suchthat 结构译出。全句译为: “They are such exquisite treasures that-even if ”。 8 “无论是谁,都不应当 ” ,英文中习惯用否定代词 no-one 表示, “即使再平凡的人 ”可译为 “however ordinary”。 9 活出色彩: anyone who adds a dash of colour to life

29、。 10刮目相看:意为 “用新的眼光看待 ”,故意译为 deserve our respect。 【知识模块】 哲理类汉 译英 4 【正确答案】 The last man I would like to play chess with is a man with too much self-control. When he sees a huge piece of his position taken by his opponent (as in Go), or a chariot, lost to his opponent through an erroneous move (as in C

30、hinese chess), he remains calm and unruffled, as if nothing whatever has happened. And that air of him will surely make you feel flat and insipid. A real gentleman seldom contests with others: he will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess. When you put him on the spot, you can ex

31、pect to see blue veins standing out on his temples and drops of cold sweat the size of soybean appearing on his forehead. He will either wear a warm smile on his long face, or purse his lips in displeasure, or scratch his head, or let out a sharp cry, or sigh and groan, or bitterly repent his folly,

32、 or keep hiccupping unceasingly, or flush crimson with shame, and such like. And at such a moment, feeling carefree, you can light a cigarette or just take a sip from your teacup and savor the signs of your opponents discomfort. The pleasure you have from it. I believe, is by no means less than that

33、 a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy. And from this 1 have found out something when engaged in a game of chess, you should resort to every conceivable means to embarrass your opponent, and try hard to remain calm when you yourself fall into difficulty. If you are unable to cause your o

34、pponent to suffer, why not try to let him find as little pleasure as possible from your trouble? 【试题解析】 下棋是梁实秋散文中较有代表性的一篇,其显著特点之一,就是细致入微地写出了下棋、观棋和悟棋的独到而深刻的感受。下棋的最大乐趣在于自己局势有利时,静静地欣赏对方痛苦不堪的种种窘态。梁实秋先生一口气用了八个 “或 ”字,把对方的窘态绘声绘色、惟妙惟肖地列举出来,使人如临其境,如闻其声。而在自己处于下风时,也应不动声色,减少对方的乐趣。 1 君子无所争: “君子 ”即 “gentleman”, “

35、争 ”即 “竞争 ”(contest),下棋也算是两人间的比赛, 所以这里选用 “contest”。全句译为 “A real gentleman seldom contests with others ”。 2 “下棋却是要争的 ”:这里的 “争 ”也有 “竞争 ”的意思,但更含有一种想赢的心态,因此译为 “do sb down”有 “胜过某人 ”的意思。全句译为 “He will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess ”。 3 “当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候 ”:译为 “when you put him on th

36、e spot”,词组 “put sb on the spot”意思是 “使人为难,使某人陷入窘境 ”。 4 “头上青筋暴露 ”: “青筋 ”即 “blue veins,全句译为 “see blue veins standing out on his temples”, “头上 ”译为 “on the temples”, “temple”指 “太阳穴 ”。 5 “黄豆般的汗珠 ”: “黄豆般的 ”即 “the size of soybean”,故词组译为 “drops of cold sweat the size of soybean”。 6 “一颗颗地在额上陈列出来 ”: “一颗颗 ”并不需要

37、译出,因为前面的 “drops”一词已经体现出来了。 7 “哭丧着脸作惨笑 ”: “哭丧着脸 ”译为 “a long face”,即 “闷闷不乐的,不悦的脸色 ”。 “惨笑 ”译为 “a wan smile”, “wan”原意为 “无血色的,苍白的 ”。全句译为“wear a wan smile on his long face ”。 8 “咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状 ”:意思是 “涵养低的人落下风时嘟囔着嘴心情不好 ”,译为 “ourse his lips in displeasure” “purse”指 “皱起,缩拢 ”。 9 “抓耳挠腮 ”: “scratch his head”。 10 “大叫一

38、声 ”: “let out a sharp cry”。 “cry”一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。 “shout”指有意识地高声喊叫,常用于提出警告、发出指令或唤起注意等。“exclaim”多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。 “roar”指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。 “scream”指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。 “shriek”指因惊恐、痛苦等或其他感情而发出比 scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声。 “yell”多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫,也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉的声音。 “call”指大声说话或喊叫,以引起某人的注意。 11 “长吁短叹 ”:泽为 “sigh

39、and groan”。 “sigh”即 “叹息,叹气 ”, “groan”即“呻吟,抱怨 ”。 12 “自怨自艾口中念念有词 ”: “自怨自艾 ”译为 “bitterly”即可, “口中念念有词 ”译为 “repent his folly”, “repent”指 “后 悔、忏悔 ”, “folly”指 “愚蠢、荒唐事 ”, 13 “一串串的噎嗝打个不休 ”: “打嗝 ”译为 “hiccup”,全句译为 “keep hiccupping unceasingly”。 14 “红头涨脸如关公 ”:译为 “flush crimson with shame”。 “flush”即 “发红,发亮 ”。 “c

40、rimson”即 “深红色 ”。 15 “行有余力 ”: “feeling carefree”。 16 “啜一碗茶 ”: “啜 ”在这里译为名词 “sip”, “sip”有 “啜饮、抿、小口喝 ”的意思,全句译为 “take a sip from your tea cup”。 17 “静静地欣赏对方的苦闷的象征 ”: “欣赏 ”译为 “savor”,因为 “savor”有 “尽情享受 ”的意思,可以体现出占上风者的从容、惬意。全句译为 “savor the signs of your opponents discomfort”。 18 “我想猎人困逐一只野兔的时候,其愉快大概略相仿佛 ”: “其愉快大概略相仿佛 ”译为 “the pleasure is by no means less than” ,用 “by no means less than”表示做强调。 “猎人困逐一只野兔 ”要注意 “困 ”字,可以译为 “at ones mercy”,表示野兔任其摆布。全句译为 “The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy ”。 【知识模块】 哲理类汉译英

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