1、专业英语八级（散文类汉译英）模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 我同书籍，即将分离。我虽非英雄，颇有垓下之感，即无可奈何。 这些书，都是在全国解放以后，来到我家的。最初零零碎碎，中间成套成批。有的来自京沪，有的来自苏杭。最初，囊中羞涩，也曾交臂相失。中间也曾一掷百金，稍有豪气。总之，时历三十余年，我同它们，可称故旧。 十年浩劫，我自顾不暇，无心也无力顾及它们。但它们辗转多处，经受折磨、潮湿、践踏、撞破，终于还是回来了。失去了一些，我有
2、些惋惜，但也不愿去寻觅它们，因为我失去的东西，比起它们，更多也更重要。 它们回到寒舍以后，我对它们的情感如故。书无分大小、贵贱，古今、新旧，只要是我想保存的，因之也同我共过患难的，一视同仁 s。洗尘，安置，抚慰，唏嘘，它们大都体味到了。 2 已经是很不短的时间了，热闹的艺坛上，天才与小丑无法分清。不知浪潮翻过了多少回合，惊涛裂岸，沙石混沌，我们并未太多地在电 视上报刊上见过何海霞；但京城消息传来，他还在活着，他还在作画。好了，活着画着，谁也不多提他；提他谁也心悸。百鬼多狰狞，上帝总无言。他的艺术是征服的艺术，他的存在是一种震慑。 面对着他的作品，我无法谈论某一方面的见解，谈出都失水准 s，行话
3、全沦为小技，露出我一副村相了。我只想到项羽，力举下鼎，气盖山河。 它使我从病痛中振作，怯弱生勇，改造我的性格。这个时代有太多的委琐，也有太多的浮躁，如此大的气势和境界，实在少之甚少，是一个奇迹。打开他的画册。我曾经独坐一个晌午又一个晌午，任在那创造 的大自然里静定神游，作一回庄子，化一同蝴蝶。但是，当我第一次看到他的近照，枯老赢瘦，垂垂暮年，我感到了一个寂寞的灵魂。啊，正是精神寂寞，他才有大的艺术。 3 例如我翻译莎士比亚，本来计划于课余之暇每年翻译两部，二十年即可完成，但是我用了三十年，主要的原因是懒。翻译之所以完成，主要的是因为活得相当长久，十分惊险。翻译完成之后，虽然仍有工作计划，但体力
4、渐衰，有力不从心之感。假使年轻的时候鞭策自己，如今当有较好或较多的表现。然而悔之晚矣。 再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十 才知道读书自修的重要。我披阅，我圈点，但是恒心不足，时作时辍。五十以学易，可以无大过矣，我如今年过八十，还没有接触过易经，说来惭愧。史书也很重要。我出国留学的时候，我父亲买了一套同文石印的前四史 “，塞满了我的行箧的一半空间，我在外国混了几年之后又把前四史原封带回来了。直到四十年后才鼓起勇气读了通鉴一遍。现在我要读的书太多，深感时间有限。 无论做什么事，健康的身体是基本条件。我在学校读书的时候，有所谓 “强迫运动 ”，我踢破过几双球鞋，打断过几只球拍。因此侥
5、幸维持下来最低限度的体力。老来打 过几年太极拳，目前则以散步活动筋骨而已。寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒地从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间 ”。健康的身体是做人做事的真正的本钱加。 4 船在树下泊了片刻，岸上很湿，我们没有上去。朋友说这里是 “鸟的天堂 ”，有许多只鸟在这棵树上做窝，农民不许人捉它们。我仿佛听见几只鸟扑翅的声音，但是等到我的眼睛注意地看那里时，我却看不见一只鸟的影子。只有无数的树根立在地上，像许多根木桩。地是湿的，大概涨潮时河水常常冲上岸去，。 “鸟的天堂 ”里没有一只鸟，我这样想道。船开了，一个朋友拨着船，缓缓地流到河中 间去。 5 这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，
6、忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。月亮渐渐地升高了，墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑，已经听不见了；妻在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷糊糊地哼着眠歌。我悄悄地披了大衫，带上门出去。 沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂寞。荷塘四面，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。路的一旁，是些杨柳，和一些不知道名字的树。没有月光的晚上，这路上阴森森的，有些怕人。今晚却很好，虽然月光也还是淡淡的。 6 没有 一个人将小草叫做 “大力士 ”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种 “
7、长期抗战 ”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。 种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子绝不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨练。生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的草，也只有这种草，才可以傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。 7 逢到和旧友谈话，就不知不觉地把话题转到旧事上去，这是我的习惯。我在 这上面无意识地会感到一种温暖的慰藉。可是这些旧友一年比一年减少了，本来只是屈指可数的几个，少去一个是无法弥补的。我每当听到一个旧友死去的消息，总要惆怅多时。 学校教育给我们的好处不但只是灌输知识，最大的好处恐怕还在给予我们求友的机会。这好处我到了离开学校后才知道，这几年
8、来更确切地体会到，深悔当时毫不自觉，马马虎虎地过去了。近来每日早晚在路上见到两两三三的携着书包、携了手或挽了肩膀走着的青年学生，我总艳羡，他们有朋友之乐，暗暗地要在心中替他们祝福。 8 在重复的岁月里，我们渐渐有点摸不着过 年的幸福了，不少人觉得过年 “没劲 ”，还有几分无奈和麻木。这个时候，检点我们的幸福感，就显得很有必要。 对不同的人，幸福的体验是大相径庭的。但问题是，低层次的需要得到满足之后，高层次的需要往往并不 “从天而降 ”。说白了，我们还不太习惯培植源自情感、归属、自尊等层次的幸福，对这些需要还比较朦胧和粗糙。所以，比如尽管我们对婚姻越来越挑剔，也有足够的勇气对窒息人的婚姻说不，但
9、对于如何经营一个完美的婚姻，我们往往束手无策。所以，尽管有人说现在的日子如同天天在过年，但我们心里却时常有点空落落的。 9 对于一个在北平住惯的人，象我，冬天要是不刮风，便觉得是奇迹；济南的冬天是没有风声的。对于一个刚由伦敦回来的人，象我，冬天要能看得见日光，便觉得是怪事；济南的冬天是响晴的。自然，在热带的地方，日光是永远那么毒，响亮的天气，反有点叫人害怕。 可是，在北中国的冬天，而能有温情的天气，济南真的算个宝地。 设若单单是有阳光，那也算不了出奇。请闭上眼睛想：一个老城，有山有水，全在天底下晒着阳光，暖和安适地睡着，只等春风把它们唤醒，这是不是理想的境界 ? 专业英语八级（散文类汉译英）模
10、拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 【正确答案】 Soon Ill part with my books; Ill have to, the way the ancient hero Xiang Yu parted with his favorite lady Yu Ji at Gaixia. The books had arrived at my home since 1949, the year the country was lib
11、erated. At first they came piecemeal and, later, in set or in bulk, some from Beijing and Shanghai, some from Suzhou and Hangzhou. During the first few years, as I was financially embarrassed, sometimes I had to turn from the books that I would have liked to give everything in exchange for. However,
12、 there were occasions on which I threw my money on books with quite a sense of lavish generosity. In short, having kept them company for over 30 years, I felt lifelong intimacy with them all. During the ten years of the disastrous “Cultural Revolution“ I was not in the mood to, nor was I fit enough
13、to bother about my books, as I was not even sure where I myself would end up. But, having been taken from place to place, getting moistened and damaged, tortured and trampled underfoot, they eventually had come back to me. Some of them had got lost, for which I was really sorry, but I thought I woul
14、d not go and retrieve them, for I had had more to lose in those years and what I had lost other than the books was far more important than the books. After their return home I felt about them with the same affection as I did earlier. I treated them alike, whether they were big or small, old or new,
15、expensive or inexpensive, classical or contemporary, since they had been in my collection and, therefore, gone through thick and thin with me. I would sigh with significance, when I dusted and caressed them and then found a place for them to go to. I guessed they must have sensed how I felt about th
16、eir return. 【试题解析】 本篇节选自作家孙犁的散文书籍。他与书同生活、共命运。十年浩劫，孙犁不仅书籍遭劫，他的心灵也受到极大的创伤。他心痛的不仅仅是几十年省吃俭用购置并终生与之为伴的书籍，更由此想到国家的前途与民族的命运。了解、研究作家的为人及其作品对译者很重要，在动笔前，要仔细研读原作，使译文达意传神。 我同书籍，即将分离。 即无可奈何：此段出现一个典故，说明他对书的依依不舍之情和即将与之分别的悲恸。翻译这段文字，无需用加注释的方法按 照字面意思译出典故，只要将中心意思准确译出即可，典故部分可以略作变通。译为： “Soon Ill part with my books； Ill
17、have to， the way the ancient hero Xiang Yu paged with his favorite lady Yu Ji at Gaixia ”。 最初，囊中羞涩，也曾交臂相失： “交臂相失 ”即 “失之交臂 ”，表示 “十分喜爱，但想买而无力购买，因而抱憾不已 ”。翻译时可以参考英语中现有的成语，但要根据语境略作调整。另外，需要注意时 态和语态。译为： “During the first few years， as I was financially embarrassed， sometimes I had to turn from the books th
18、at I would have liked to give everything in exchange for ”。 中间也曾一掷百金，稍有豪气： “豪气 ”指 “为了购买心爱的书籍，不惜血本 ”所表现的气派，可以考虑用 “lavish generosity”。这句译为： “However， there were occasions on which I threw my money on books with quite a sense of lavish generosity ”。 因为我失去的东西，比起它们，更多也更重要：英译时 “更多 ”与 “更重要 ”需要分成两个部分，译为 “fo
19、r I had had more to lose in those years and what I had lost other than the books was far more important than the books”，避免产生歧义。 只要是我想保存的，因之也同我共过患难的，一视同仁：译为 “I treated them alike， whether they were big or small， old or new， expensive or inexpensive，classical or contemporary， since they had been in my
20、 collection and， therefore，gone through thick and thin with me ”。 “只要 ”替 换成了 “既然 ”，更符合目的语英语的表达习惯。 【知识模块】 散文类汉译英 2 【正确答案】 Over a long period of time, “geniuses“ and “clowns“ have been mixed up in the hectic realm of art, like rocks and sand mixed and driven by stormy waves along the shore. We have no
21、t seen much of He Haixia on the TV or in the newspapers, but as rumor from Beijing has it, he is still around. Around as he is, there has not been much mention of him, because the mere mention of his name makes one scared. Ghosts are hideously clamorous while God is silent. He Haixias art is the art
22、 of conquest; the fact that he is still around is awe-inspiring. I am not qualified to comment on any particular aspect of his works, for whatever I say would be short of professionalism, turning technical terms into frivolities, thus laying out bare a laymans follies. At this point I think of Xiang
23、 Yu, the ancient heroic general, who had unusual physical strength and overwhelming will power. It has braced me up from the suffering of ailments, turned what is cowardly in me into courage, thus toughening up my character. In this era characterized by too much pettiness and flightiness, it is real
24、ly a miracle that we should find such dynamic forcefulness and artistic excellence as shown in his works. I remember sitting at home alone, for the whole of one morning after another, with his album open in front of me, my mind wandering about in the artistic natural world created by the artist, fee
25、ling as if I were Zhuangzi transformed into a butterfly fluttering around. But the first time I saw a recent photo of him, emaciated and aged, I sensed a lonely soul in him. Ah, but it is the loneliness of his soul that makes the great art and the great artist. 【试题解析】 本篇节选自贾平凹的我读何海霞，是一位作家以他自己的内心感受来解
26、读一位画家，是作家与画家的心灵交流。翻译这样的文章时，译者需体验作家写作时的思想、情绪和心态，了解一些画家的情况，以使译文更能完美地再现作者的思想和感慨。 不知浪潮翻过了多少回合，惊涛裂岸，沙石混沌：原文是另起一句，而实际上这个部分是对前文的补充说明，用暗喻的修辞方法，说明在艺坛上是鱼龙混杂，很难分清谁是天才，谁是小丑。故译文中，可以将两句话变得更为紧凑，用 “like”连接，变暗喻为明喻。 京城消息传来： “京城 ”即现在的 “北京 ”， “消息 ”并不确凿，故译为 “rumor”。 他还在活着，他还在作画：说明他的艺术生涯仍在继续。 Be around： be active or prom
27、inent in a particular field or profession “还在活着 ”与 “还在作画 ”实为汉语上的重复，故译为 “He is still around ”即可。 好了，活着画着，谁也不多提他：汉语往往依靠意合，英语往往依靠形合，故汉译英时，首先要考虑成分之间的逻辑关系，此处应该是让步，即 “虽然何海霞还活着，还在作画，但提 到他的人却不多 ”。可以使用 “though”，或者 “although”，这里考虑到句式的变换，使用了 “around as he is”，这里请注意形容词或副词的提前。 谈出都失水准： “失水准 ”不是简单的 “失水平 ”，而是缺乏专业的鉴
28、赏力。故译为“short of professionalism”。 露出我一副村相了：理解 “村相 ”这个短语时，需要联系上文，即 “外行人愚蠢的想法 ”，故译为 “laymans follies”。 我只想到项羽，力举千鼎，气盖山河： “项羽 ”是中国历史上有名的秦末重要的反秦领袖之一 ，秦亡后自封西楚霸王。翻译为英文时，考虑到大部分目的语读者并不了解项羽，故增译为 “Xiang Yu， the ancient heroic general”。 “力举千鼎，气盖山河 ”是指项羽 “力拔山兮气盖世 ”的英雄气概对作家所产生的心灵上的和精神上的震撼，翻译时不宜具体化，译得太过具体反而失去了引用这
29、一典故的本意。 【知识模块】 散文类汉译英 3 【正确答案】 Take the translation of Shakespeare for example. I had initially planned to spend 20 years of my spare time in doing the translation, finishing two plays a year. But I spent 30 years instead, due primarily to my slothfulness. The whole project would probably have falle
30、n through had it not been for my fairly long life. After that I had other plans for work, but, because of my approaching senility, somehow I failed to do what I had wished to. Had I spurred myself on in my youth, I would have done more and better work. Alas, it is too late to repent. Another example
31、. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. But it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics. I did read carefully though, marking words and phrases for special attention with small circles and dots. But my efforts at s
32、elf-study were off and on. Confucius says, “I shall be free of great faults if I can live long enough to begin the study of K at the age of 50.“ I feel ashamed to admit that I havent even touched Yi though Im now over 80. Chinese history books are equally important. When I was leaving China to study
33、 abroad, father bought a set of Tong Wen lithographic edition of The First Four Books of History, and crammed them into my travelling box, taking up half of its space. Several years later, however, after drifting along abroad, I returned home carrying with me the same books all unread. It was not un
34、til 40 years later that I plucked up enough courage to read through Tong Jian. So many books still remain to be read, and I much regret not having enough time to do it. Whatever you do, you need a sound body first of all. In my school days, in response to the so-called “compulsory physical exercises
35、“, I went in for many sports at the expense of many pairs of sneakers and rackets, thus luckily building up a minimum of good physique. When I was approaching old age, I did taiji quart (shadow boxing) for several years. Now I only do some walking exercises. Dear young friends, my advice to you is:
36、Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 【试题解析】 这段文字节选自梁实秋的散文时间即生命，读来使人受益匪浅。梁实秋 (1902 1987)为我国著名现代作家、翻译家、教育家，一生致力于英国文学研究。时间即生命选自他的散文集雅舍小品。 主要的原因是懒：可译为 “due primarily to my slothfuln
37、ess”。其中 “sloth-fulness”与 “laziness”同义。 翻译之所以完成，主要的是因为活得相当长久，十分惊险：其意思为 “幸亏自己命长，否则可能完成不了莎士比亚的翻译 ”。其中 “十分惊险 ”的意思是 “险 些完成不了 ”。全句译为 “The whole project would probably have fallen through had it not been for my fairlylong life ”。 fall through： fail； miscarry； come to nothing(失败；成为泡影 )。例如， “His scheme fell
38、through (他的计划失败了 )”。 但体力渐衰，有力不从心之感：译为 “because of my approaching senility,somehow I failed to do what I had wished to”，其中 “senility”指 “因年迈而导致身心两方面的衰退 ”。 假使年轻的时候鞭策自己，如今当有较好或较多的表现：根据上下文，作者在感叹要是年轻时能更珍惜时间会有更大的成就。用 if条件句时，要使用虚拟语气。故译为 “Had I spurred myself on in my youth I would have done more and better
39、work ”。 然而：可译为感叹词 “alas”。 作为一个中国人，经书不可不读： “经书 ”指 “中国的经典书籍 ”，故译为 “The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese ”。 才知道读书自修的重要：根据上下文， “读书 ”应指 “读经书 ”，故此句译为 “came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics”，其中 “in the matter of”作 “in relation to”或 “in regard to(就 而论 )”
40、解。 我披阅， 我圈点：译为 “I did read carefully though， marking words and phrases for special attention with small circles and dots”，其中 “I did read carefully though”是增译部分，强调 “我 ”读书的认真。 五十以学易，可以无大过矣：出自论语 ?述而中的 “子日，加我数年，五十以学易，可以无大过矣。 ”其意为 “让我再多活几年，到 50岁时去学习易经，就可以没有多大的过错了。 ”现按此意用加字法译为 ： “Confucius says， I shall b
41、e free of great faults ifI can live long enough to begin the study of Yi at the age of 50 ”。 史书也很重要：意为 “历史书籍同样重要 ”，故译为 “Chinese history books are equally important ”。 同文石印的前四史： “前四史 (The First Four Books of History)”指史记 (The Historical Records)、汉书 (The Book of Han)、后汉书 (The Book of Later Han)以及三国志 (
42、The Annals of the Three Kingdoms)。故译为 “the Tong Wen lithographic edition of The First Four Books of History”。 Lithography： process of printing from parts of a flat stone or sheet of zinc or aluminum that are prepared to receive a greasy ink(平版印刷术；石版印刷术；金属版印刷术 )。 行箧： “箧 ”意为 “小箱子 ”，故 “行箧 ”译为 “travelli
43、ng box”。 在外国混了几年之后：译为 “Several years later,however,after drifting along abroad”。 其中 “drift along”表示 “随波逐流；混日子 ”。 把前四史原封带回来了： “原封 (带回来 )”指 “没有阅读 ”，故译为 “I returned home carrying with me the same books all unread”。 通鉴：即资治通鉴，故直接音译为 “Tong Jian”，也可加注： Tong Jianthe 294一 volume chronicle by Sima Guang。 健康的身
44、体：译为 “a sound body”。 强迫运动：译为 “compulsory physical exercises”。 最低限度的体力：译为 “a minimum of good physique”，其中 “physique”指“structure and development of the body(体格；身体的构造与发育 )”。 这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间： “这不是 ” 可译为 “That has nothing to do with” ，故全句译为 “That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting ”。 健康的身体是
45、做人做事的真正的本钱：译为 “Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career”，其中 “the wherewithal”意同 “the necessary means(必要的资金、手段等 )”。 “做人做事 ”指 “生活 ”与 “事业 ”两方面，故参照上下文译为 “a successful life and career”。 【知识模块】 散文类汉译英 4 【正确答案】 Our boat slowed to a halt under the tree and stopped there for a moment.
46、We did not get off to the bank as it was wet there. My friends said the tree was a “paradise“ for the birds; many birds had nested in it and peasants would not allow anyone to catch them. I seemed to have heard the sound of some birds flapping their wings, but when I turned to look I could not see a
47、ny one there. Instead there were numerous roots standing on the ground like wood stakes. The ground was wet, probably washed by the tides. “Birds Paradise“, but there were no birds in it, I wondered. Our boat, poled by a friend, moved on and glided toward the middle of the river. 【试题解析】 巴金在陈洪有、陈毓就、叶
48、渠均、梁朝令等朋友的陪同下，划船游了 “雀墩 ”，看见无数小鸟在一棵榕树上漫天飞舞的奇景，回到上海后写了散文鸟的天堂。该文最初在上海的文学月刊上发表，后收录到巴金的旅途随笔中，现在已于 1978年开始编入我国小学语文课本中。 岸上很湿，我们没有上去： “我们没有上去 ”是指 “我们没有到岸上去 ”，此处需要增补这一概念，使得译文更加流畅，可译为： “We did not get off to the bank as it was wet there.”。 扑翅： “(鸟儿 )扑翅 ”译为 “flapping their wings”，请注意代词的使用。如：那白鹭振翅向湖对岸慢慢飞去。 (The
49、 heron flapped slowly off across the lake )。 地是湿的，大概涨潮时河水常常冲上岸去：注意中英文行文的差异， “涨潮时河水常常冲上岸去 ”，实指 “潮水常常冲上岸去 ”，即 “常常被潮水冲刷 ”，故可译为：“The ground was wet， probably washed by the tides ”。 一个朋友拨着船： “pole”可作动词，英语释义是 “push(a boat， etc)along by using a pole”，即 “用杆、篙、杖等撑 (船等 )”。如：他用篙撑方头平底船逆流而上。 (He poled a punt up the river)，故可译为 “poled by a friend”。 【知识模块】 散文类汉译英 5 【正确答案】 The last few days had found me very restless. This evening as I sat in the yard to enjoy the cool, I sudden
