1、专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 42及答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的,容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。 朋友之间,情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交:反之,则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密,也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然,默契和平衡将被打破,友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间,朋友之间过于 随便,就容易侵入这片禁区,从而引起冲突,造成隔阂。待友不敬,或许只是一件小事,却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友
2、亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节,互不干涉。 2 现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是,面对重重矛盾,许多时候你却别无选择。 匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。但在现实生活中,人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭,有时也说不清自己到底是 “休闲着 ”还是 “匆忙着 ”。譬如说,当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期,却忽然接到老板的电话,告诉我们客户或工 作方面出了麻烦 现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容 搞得人一下子兴趣全无,接下来的休闲只能徒有其表,因为心里已是火烧火燎了。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Direction
3、s: Translate the following text into Chinese. 3 For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an e
4、ntire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. Im lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely so
5、metimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out. Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by
6、watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person. It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced
7、 to be explored and slowly understood. 4 It is simple enough to say that since books have classesfiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with b
8、lurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not di
9、ctate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticise at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost
10、imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more defini
11、te. 5 I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the
12、 power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was inter space far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be
13、seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died. 专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 42答案与解析 SECTIO
14、N A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 【正确答案】 Friends tend to become more intimate if they are congenial; otherwise they will separate or break with each other. However familiar and close they are with each other, friends cannot be too casual and behave freel
15、y towards each other. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will no longer exist. Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and too casual relationship among friends will mislead them to invade this piece of restricted areas easily with a result of conflicts and al
16、ienation. Furthermore, it may be not a big matter to treat friends in a disrespectful manner; however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds. The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint and mutual non-interference. 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一句中的 “情趣相投 ”和 “
17、脾气对味 ”意思相近,可合并译成 are congenial;因为本句谈论的关系是已经成为朋友的关系,所以句中的“合 ”和 “交 ”实际表达的是更加亲密的意思,所以可合译成 more intimate;而 “离 ”和 “绝 ”因为意思不同,最好分别翻译成 separate和 break with each other。 2画线部分第二句的前半句可选择英文句式中 “however+adj.”的结构表现中文“再 再 ” 的语势,而 “不恭不敬 ”可译成 behave freely towards each other。 3画线部分第四句较长,句式较散,而英语语言要求逻辑性,所以翻译时要先进行句式转
18、换,调整语序,理顺句子间的关系。故 “朋友之间过于随便 ”可转译成名词短语 too casualrelationship among friends,和 “就容易侵入这片禁区 ”重新组成一句话。用 with a result of 短语翻译句子 “从而引起冲突,造成隔阂 ”,不仅使得译文贴合原意,而且更能突出原文短小精悍的风格。 4画线部分第四句和第五句之间虽然没有任何连接词,但隐含了递进的关系,故可增译 出 Furthermore。 5画线部分最后一句中的 “有节 ”是 “有节制 ”的意思, “往来有节 ”可译成 to keep contactswith restraint;而 “互不干涉
19、”其实也是维持亲密关系的好方法,所以和 “往来有节 ”一起并列,用 with短语来体现。 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 People always spend their earthly existence in shuttling between haste and leisuretwo distinct life styles, thoughsometimes even hardly conscious of which way they are on. For instance, while still vacationing at the resort, we receive
20、 a call from the boss all of a sudden, knowing that some troubles are with the clients or the work. At this moment, the handy cell phone is exposed as an evil and dismal device more than a modern and advanced tool. The subsequent leisure is merely showy as such a call has shadowed our leisure tour a
21、nd made us restless with anxiety. 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一句与第二句结合较为紧密,并且重复词组较多,因此在翻译 时可以合并为英语的一个长句,并且把第一句话处理为插入语,更加符合英语的表达习惯。其中在 “在 间频繁穿梭 ”可以译为 shuttling between 。第二句中的 “休闲着 还是 匆忙着 ”在翻译时应当避免与上文重复,可以译为从句which way they are on。 2画线部分第三句较长,在翻译时可以断开译为三个分句。第一个分句可以断在第一个破折号前。第二个分句用词较为犀利,翻译时应当注意英语选词。 “狰狞、阴郁 ”可以译为 evil
22、 anddismal。第三个分句为第二个破折号后的内容,其中 “兴趣全无 ”中的 “兴趣 ”指的是 “度假的兴致 ”,兴趣全无可以译为 shadowed our leisure tour, “火烧火燎 ”在此是形容人的心情很焦虑,坐立不安,可译为 restless with anxiety。 【知识模块】 汉译英 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 3 【正确答案】 只有过度劳累的时候,长时间不间断地工作的时候,或是一时感到内心空虚、需 要充实的时候,我才会感到孤
23、独。此外,当我巡回演讲完回到家中,或见过许多人讲过许多话后,心中满是纷乱的感受需要整理时,我偶尔也会感到孤独。 然后就有那么一小会儿,我感觉房子又大又空,不知道此时的自我藏匿在何处。于是,我只有给花草浇浇水,挨个儿瞅瞅,仿佛它们是活生生的人一样,之后才能慢慢找回自我。 找回自我需要一些时间。当我看着水浪如喷泉般喷涌而出,身边的世界逐渐消逝时,那一刻才会到来,自我再次从迷茫的无意识中浮现,最近经历的种种也都随之而来,以待我去探究和慢慢领会。 【试题解析】 1画 线第一段作者用了几个并列的排比句来描述自己在什么时候会感到孤独,翻译时可采用顺译法,使译文体现出这一修辞手法。 2画线第一段的第一句 w
24、hen for the time being I feel empty and need filling up中, for the timebeing译为 “一时,眼下 ”, feel empty译为 “感到内心空虚 ”, need filling up译为 “需要充实 ”。 3画线第一段第二句 And I am lonelyafter a lecture tripthat needs to be sorted out中, and可译为 “此外 ”; a lecture trip的意思是 “巡回演讲 ”; to sort out是 “整理,梳理 ”的意思。 4画线第一段第二句中, am ful
25、l to the brim是指 “作者的经历太多,以至于感到心里有太多的东西,快要放不下了 ”。 brim意为 “边,边缘 ”。 5画线第二段第一句中, for a little while意为 “一时间,一小会儿 ”, the house feels huge andempty表现作者当时的心境,即 “感到房子又大又空 ”。 6画线第二段第二句中 It has to be recaptured slowly byit were a person ,第一个代词 it指 myself,即自我,第二个 it指植物,即作者把植物当作有思想的人来看待,与它们交流,来排遣自己的孤独。 be recapt
26、ured意为 “再捕捉回来,再现 ”。 7最后一段是个很长的复合句,主干结构为: It take , butand ,可用顺译法进行翻译。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 然而,很少有人在读书时想过书能赋予我们什么。我们读书时常常带着模糊不清、和作者相抵触的观念,要求小说为真,诗歌为假,传记为誉,史书佐证己见。我们读书前若能抛弃所有这些先人之见,那将会是一个极好的开端。不要对作者发号施令,试着站在作者的角度,成为他的同伴和合作者。如果读书伊始便固步自封、处处设防,甚至批判挑剔,那么你就无法尽可能多地从阅读中获得最大的价值。但是,如果你能尽情敞开心扉,那么书中那些极细微的精妙之处和暗示都
27、会从开头曲折婉转的语句中显现出来,由此,一个与众 不同的人物形象将跃然呈现在你面前。 【试题解析】 1画线部分第二句 Most commonly we come to our own prejudices中有几个并列结构,即 ask of的四个宾语成分,可采用顺译法,按照原文的结构进行翻译就可以了。 2 divided的本义表示 “分开的,有区别的 ”,但根据文章后面的描述,指的是对所读书籍的矛盾看法,在此译为 “和作者相抵触的 ”。 3 flattering的意思是 “谄媚的,讨人喜欢的 ”,在文中指传记的内容应该讨好所写对象。 4 false的本义为 “假 的,虚伪的 ”,在文中是指 “虚
28、构的 ”。 5画线部分第四句 Do not dictate to your author; try to become him中的dictate to 是 “对 发号施令 ”的意思,此句的意思是读者要求作者按照自己的要求去写; try to become him的意思是读者看书时要站在作者的角度去读。 6画线部分第五句 Be his fellow worker and accomplice中 accomplice的本义是“同谋者,帮凶 ”,文中指读者在读书时要与作者站在同一立场,理解作者 的思想。 7画线部分第六句 If you hang back, and reservewhat you r
29、ead 中 hang back和 reserve都指在读书时对书中内容或作者的观点持有不同意见,从而会产生偏见。 8画线部分最后一句 But if you open your mindimperceptible fineness , a human being unlike anyother中的 imperceptible fineness是指书中读者难以读出来的佳言妙句或写作手法等。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 我想,那是五月一个周日的清晨;那天是复活节,清晨一大早。我仿佛是站在自家屋舍门口,面前的景象清晰地尽收眼底,梦中,就像往常一样,依然是一个欢乐而隆重的场面,山还是那些山,
30、山脚下还是那条涓涓细流的溪谷;但是山变高了,比阿尔卑斯山还挺拔了些,诸山相距更加空旷,丰草如茵,林地开阔,错落其间;树篱上长满白色的蔷薇花;远近看不见任何动物,唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里,牛群静静地躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地旁歇息,牛群尤其靠近一座孩童的坟墓,那是我曾经百般疼爱的孩子的坟墓。整幅景象正如孩子去世的 那个夏天旭日东升前那一刻看到的一模一样,那孩子死去了,我如同当年那样望着眼前的景色。 【试题解析】 1第一句由几个短句组成,翻译时可采用顺译法,也可译成几个对应的短句。本句交代了下文叙述内容所发生的时间,给人一种很真实的感觉,似乎下文是对一件真实事件的描述,但是翻译时要倍加小心。 2第二句是个
31、简单句,开始描述当时的场景。汉语描述习惯一气呵成,不会先单独描述作者站在什么地方,再进行下文的描述,故可把第二句和接下来的几句合在一起翻译,再根据意思的连贯和转折进行断句,根据句意和汉语表达习惯适当调整句式。 第二、三以及第四句的第一个分句可作为一个分句进行翻译,和下文梦幻的场景形成对比;从 and no living creature到 whom I had tenderly loved描述的是真实的场景,故可单独作为一个分句翻译; just as I hadreallythat child died是对整幅场景的总结,可单独成句进行翻译。 3第二句看似在描述实景,但根据下文中的 as wa
32、s usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams,又让人难辨真幻,所以第二句的翻译可 增加 “仿佛 ”一词,从一开始就给人梦幻的感觉,以表达原文作者描述的梦幻感。 4为了凸显作者描述中亦真亦幻的朦胧感,可把 by the power of dreams简单翻译成 “梦中 ”,而把 exalted和 solemnized合译成 “欢乐而隆重 ”; commanded在这里明显不是 “控制 ”的意思,可意译为 “清晰地尽收眼底 ”; lovely valley根据实际场景可译为 “涓涓细流的溪谷 ”;在 aswas usual之后可增译 “依然 ”一词,
33、既可突出现实的描述,又可和下文的梦幻场景在语气上形成对比。 5第四句中, but the mountains were raisedthe hedges were rich with white roses这个分句包含 wereraised to more than, was inter space far larger和 were rich with white roses,由此可明显看出是梦幻的描述,山不可能突然变高,翻译时既要把这种变化显现出来,又要符合汉语的语言习惯。 6 roses在英文中可兼作 “玫瑰 ”和 “蔷薇 ”解释,因为是在野外,又是白色的,因此是蔷薇花的可能性更大,所以
34、white roses翻译成 “白色的蔷薇花 ”更为合适。living creature本来指 “生物 ”或 “生灵 ”,在这里根据上下文翻译成 “动物 ”更为合适。 7 particularly round about the grave of a child是个分词短语,根据上下文语境可知,隐含的主语是 “牛群 ”,故短语可译出隐含的主语,翻译成一个单句 “牛群尤其靠近一座孩童的坟墓 ”,其后的定语从句按照一贯的翻译原则,单独翻译成句。tenderly loved可根据表达习惯译为 “百般疼爱的 ”。 8最后一句 just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that childdied句子不算长,但指代词容易被错误理解,翻译时首先要弄清作者要表达的重点。整句话隐含的主语是 “作者站在那里看到的整幅景象 ”,是对整段描述的总结,隐含的主语可补译出来;其中特别需要指出的是,them指代的也是整段篇幅描述的场景;在时间状语从句 when 之前省略了动词see,要补译出来;此外, just as I had和后文的 when that child died指代的是同一时间,所以整句话翻译时可按照汉语的时间顺序叙述,句式上进行适当调整。 【知识模块】 英译汉