1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 28及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 ExxonMobil has spent Dollars 3.5bn on the clean-up, environmental_and compensation, voluntarily paying Dollars 300m to more than 11,000 affected Alaskans. （ A） rehabilitation （ B） purity （ C） defilement （ D） affection 2 Today this city is a highly
2、 skilled society without the urban sprawl and rural poverty that usually_larger nations. （ A） conflict （ B） dissert （ C） afflict （ D） dissemble 3 Although the two companies talked about how little_there is between them, they still expect to eliminate about 10,000 positions from a combined work force
3、 of 140,000 after their mergence. （ A） overlap （ B） combination （ C） congregation （ D） inundation 4 It is true that Matviyenko s heading of the campaign would_certain staffing shuffles in the leadership , and now only a few members of the company were in the know. （ A） concur （ B） convoke （ C） entai
4、l （ D） alternate 5 It is said that something was_way back when Enron CEO Jeffrey William departed the company only six months after being elevated to the post from CFO, but the president denied it last night. （ A） acquisitive （ B） amiss （ C） allusive （ D） tentative 6 Movies are often held up as eith
5、er the paragons or pariahs of our society at large; towering achievements on the one hand and endless_on the other. （ A） wallows （ B） accomplishments （ C） awards （ D） extravagance 7 Permission to build the factory has been delayed by the complex_between industrial and environmental interests. （ A） i
6、nterplay （ B） collaboration （ C） concurrence （ D） attribution 8 Rescue teams from all over the world_on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, had claimed a toll of 15,000 lives. （ A） diversified （ B） disseminated （ C） converged （
7、D） accelerated 9 In the past few years, the little land-bound country had been_mercilessly by financial crises. （ A） deviated （ B） expedited （ C） decimated （ D） buffeted 10 Many doubt if the Internet, television, advanced communications or instant food will make our country a_society anytime soon. （
8、 A） discriminated （ B） endangered （ C） construed （ D） homogenized 11 The Federal Communications Commission made an effort to prevent a single giant company from_competition in the market. （ A） entering （ B） evading （ C） squelching （ D） circumventing 12 It was exciting to see such a movie for first t
9、ime, but we soon became_when our TV was flooded with programs of like-kind. （ A） overflowed （ B） overwhelmed （ C） undigested （ D） jaded 13 Fame happened almost overnight for the 25-year-old actress, but she has become_by all the recent media attention and now she has got quite used to her life. （ A）
10、 perturbed （ B） unfazed （ C） frustrated （ D） dissuaded 14 According to the recent census, under-18s_nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families. （ A） compose （ B） institute （ C） prescribe （ D） constitute 15 Modern plant breading is largely based on planned hybridization combined with_selec
11、tion to speed up the evolution of new varieties. （ A） stringent （ B） stern （ C） emergent （ D） austere 16 The poor couple_every night over the decision to send their sons to school and keeping their only daughter at home to help with fanning work. （ A） agonized （ B） descended （ C） abated （ D） evacuat
12、ed 17 Nowadays more and more people are interested in arranging time for exercises and_to release the stress caused by the fast pace and pressure of their lives. （ A） meditation （ B） registration （ C） mediation （ D） illumination 18 The attempt and offer to carry out cloning experiment on human being
13、 is blameworthy and can hardly find any_among the public not only in our country but also in most of the countries in the world. （ A） conscience （ B） consensus （ C） sensation （ D） discord 19 That prospect has infuriated ordinary Mexicans, who have seen the purchasing power of their paychecks _more t
14、han 40% since 1982. （ A） extract （ B） contaminate （ C） erode （ D） rust 20 The government has to decide whether cost or concern for the environment should take_when choosing the route for the new road crossing the well known scenic spot. （ A） solution （ B） sight （ C） intellect （ D） precedence 二、 Cloz
15、e 20 Acid ran leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments there the pH is below 5.0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged.【 C1】 _, the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in
16、an acidic environment decreases【 C2】_becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the【 C3】 _salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also【 C4】_in the waters of Ontario and Queb
17、ec, where fish populations are【 C5】 _the decline. What potential remedies exist for the acid rain【 C6】 _? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be【 C7】 _to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would h
18、ave planned【 C8】 _to prevent it.【 C9】 _, all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another【 C10】 _is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good【 C11】 _of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ide
19、as even include breeding more【 C12】 _fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in【 C13】 _acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a【 C14】 _of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fac
20、t that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we【 C15】 _what we know now. 21 【 C1】 （ A） Likewise （ B） Besides （ C） Thus （ D） Otherwise 22 【 C2】 （ A） and （ B） then （ C） hence （ D） or 23 【 C3】 （ A） entire （ B） complete （ C） total （ D） all 24 【 C4】 （ A） imaginable （ B） understandable （ C） consid
21、erable （ D） unaccountable 25 【 C5】 （ A） on （ B） to （ C） with （ D） at 26 【 C6】 （ A） matter （ B） issue （ C） affair （ D） question 27 【 C7】 （ A） announced （ B） ordered （ C） imposed （ D） enacted 28 【 C8】 （ A） faster （ B） more （ C） better （ D） harder 29 【 C9】 （ A） Furthermore （ B） Conversely （ C） Accordin
22、gly （ D） Nevertheless 30 【 C10】 （ A） possibility （ B） perspective （ C） occurrence （ D） opportunity 31 【 C11】 （ A） piece （ B） portion （ C） section （ D） segment 32 【 C12】 （ A） tolerated （ B） tolerant （ C） tolerable （ D） intolerant 33 【 C13】 （ A） descending （ B） declining （ C） reducing （ D） relieving 3
23、4 【 C14】 （ A） combination （ B） alliance （ C） mixture （ D） union 35 【 C15】 （ A） know （ B） knew （ C） had known （ D） have known 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness
24、. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the sources of true happiness. They fear the pain ine
25、vitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment(承担的义务 ), self improvement. Ask a bachelor(单身汉 )why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of makin
26、g a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three day vacation. I dont know an
27、y parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating re
28、alizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand tha
29、t all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. 36 According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because_. （ A） he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities （ B） he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single （ C） he finds more f
30、un in dating than in marriage （ D） he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement 37 Raising children, in the authors opinion, is_. （ A） a moral duty （ B） a thankless job （ C） a rewarding task （ D） a source of inevitable pain 38 From the last paragraph, we learn that envy someti
31、mes stems from_. （ A） hatred （ B） misunderstanding （ C） prejudice （ D） ignorance 39 To understand what true happiness is one must_. （ A） have as much run as possible during ones lifetime （ B） make every effort to liberate oneself from pain （ C） put up with pain under all circumstances （ D） be able t
32、o distinguish happiness from fun 40 What is the author trying to tell us? （ A） Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain. （ B） One must know how to attain happiness. （ C） It is important to make commitments. （ D） It is pain that leads to happiness. 41 According to the authors opinion, which is cor
33、rect? （ A） Happiness is different from the fun. （ B） Fun always leads to happiness. （ C） Happiness is always originated from fun. （ D） Pain is another kind of happiness. 41 Its very interesting to note where the debate about diversity(多样化 )is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political c
34、ircles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate(公司的 )leaders;none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity i
35、s an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policie
36、s that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesnt occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need. Likewise, I dont hear people in the academy saying.
37、“Lets go backward. Lets go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy(不拘一格降人才 )“(which was never true we never had a meritocracy, although weve come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York here the campus has doubled its minority population
38、 in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the u-niversity is better because of the diversity. So wh
39、ere we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses. 42 The word “imperative“(Line 5, Para. 1)most probably refers to something_. （ A） superficial （ B） remarkable （ C） debatable （ D） essential 43 Which of the following groups
40、 of people still differ in their views on diversity? （ A） Minorities （ B） Politicians （ C） Professors （ D） Managers 44 High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to_. （ A） lower the rate of unemployment （ B） win equal political rights for minorities （ C） be competitive i
41、n the world market （ D） satisfy the demands of a growing population 45 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） meritocracy can never be realized without diversity （ B） American political circles will not accept diversity （ C） it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. media （ D） m
42、inorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity. 46 According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by_. （ A） expanding the pool of potential employees （ B） promoting policies that provide skills to employees （ C） training more engineers, scientist
43、s lawyers and business managers （ D） providing education for all regardless of race or sex 47 The authors attitude to the diversity is_. （ A） Positive （ B） Neural （ C） Objective （ D） Critical 47 Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to fin
44、d out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.“ Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived(被剥夺 )of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject(试验对象 )sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or sh
45、e recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different o
46、ne. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine(尼古丁 ), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to
47、read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble
48、separating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex.“ Sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins,“ He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot co
49、uld fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.“ 48 The purpose of George Spilichs experiments is_. （ A） to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers （ B） to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacity （ C） to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performance （ D） to find out whe
