1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 His constant attempts to_his colleagues achievement eventually caused his dismissal. （ A） withdraw （ B） diminish （ C） restrain （ D） confine 2 The Supreme Court_the judgment of the lower court in that case last week. （ A） amplified （ B） affirmed （ C
2、） ascended （ D） applauded 3 The doctor promised that this medicine would_the pain in the stomach. （ A） affirmed （ B） agitated （ C） alleviate （ D） allocate 4 The apartment was_at $ 20,000 and its owner was happy about that. （ A） assaulted （ B） assessed （ C） asserted （ D） avenged 5 In order to help th
3、e students get a better understanding of the new conception,the professor_it with many examples. （ A） enchanted （ B） dissipated （ C） eliminated （ D） illustrated 6 The_of his first novel appeared in The Times yesterday;no doubt he was very happy to see that. （ A） survey （ B） inspection （ C） appraisal
4、 （ D） review 7 After the concert,the clean-up crew found the ground_with papers,bottles and cans. （ A） scrubbed （ B） used （ C） littered （ D） dispersed 8 The new policy has_a large amount of investment for industry and business in this city. （ A） acquainted （ B） adhered （ C） activated （ D） asserted 9
5、 The two countries were fighting severely to_every inch of the land. （ A） intervene （ B） contest （ C） imperil （ D） inhabit 10 They_for an early end to the fighting which had brought about a great loss to the city. （ A） petitioned （ B） reasoned （ C） reckoned （ D） rebuked 11 By such demarcation,strong
6、,representative national societies can then be left to do what they do best-_young scientists development at national meetings,and represent their disciplines at the national level. （ A） foster （ B） founder （ C） found （ D） foul 12 The intellectually_enterprise of science depends on free communicatio
7、n. （ A） depressing （ B） depressed （ C） exhilarating （ D） exhilarated 13 Against the wishes of many smaller countries,Europe is_a stable,if undesirable,situation lacking any coherent policy of transnational coordination in basic and strategic research-despite the European Commission. （ A） tightened w
8、ith （ B） put fast into （ C） stuck fast in （ D） fastened with 14 The items contained in the parcel dont correspond_those on the list that accompanied it. （ A） against （ B） for （ C） about （ D） with 15 It was clear that the storm_his arrival by two hours. （ A） retarded （ B） retrieved （ C） refrained （ D
9、） retreated 16 Human choice,not the intrinsic content of science,determines the outcome and scientists,as human beings,therefore have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in_. （ A） expiration （ B） explanation （ C） expertise （ D） expenditure 17 In a sense, scientists and engineers in th
10、e past have been fortunate,for we became accustomed to being measured by nature itselfan unwaveringly fair and consistent,_unforgiving,judge. （ A） thus （ B） nevertheless （ C） therefore （ D） albeit 18 According to_across the relevant research community, the published attack represents an extreme posi
11、tion in its demands for proof. （ A） soundings （ B） echoes （ C） sonar systems （ D） reflections 19 Stocks are not goodsthey merely are_.exchanging current cash flows for future ones. （ A） conducts （ B） conduction （ C） conduits （ D） products 20 The bill would establish protection against criminal and c
12、ivil penalties for the improper_of protected patient information. （ A） discovery （ B） disappearance （ C） disclosing （ D） disclosure 二、 Cloze 20 The Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being p
13、repared for【 C1】 _. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the “chontadurre“ palm and a drink of “chicha“. When the sun has【 C2】 _over the river, some of the younger women go【 C3】 _their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【 C4】 _maize, bananas and w
14、ild fruits. The older women stay in the house mak-ing pots which are【 C5】 _for drinking water and for “chicha“. Later they have to【 C6】 _the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【 C7】 _day involves much the same【 C8】 _. The men, who may have been hunt
15、ing during the night,【 C9】_the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or “atarraya“ net. In January after the rains,【 C10】 _men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【 C11】 _, in August and September, they sow a【 C12】_crop. Four months afte
16、r each【 C13】 _, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【 C14】 _ and after the babies are【 C15】 _in their hammocks they discuss the days events. 21 【 C1】 22 【 C2】 23 【 C3】 24 【 C4】 25 【 C5】 26 【 C6】 27 【 C7】 28 【 C8】 29 【 C9】 30 【 C10】 31 【 C11】 32 【 C
17、12】 33 【 C13】 34 【 C14】 35 【 C15】 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 So far as I know,Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy,a man must feel,firstly,free and,secondly,important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society t
18、o do what he does not enjoy doing,or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished,the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it,but a laborer today can rightly be cal
19、led a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game,we enjoy what we are doing,otherwise we should not play
20、it,but it is a purely private activity;society could not care less whether we play it or not. Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do:what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point o
21、f view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends,not on the job itself,but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not .for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job;a gardener or cobbler may be a worker,a
22、bank clerk,a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker,leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much;workers die of coronaries and forget their wives
23、 birthdays. To the laborer,on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring,and the more hours he is free to play,the better. 36 The best title for the passage could be_. （ A） Work,Labor and Play （ B） Ways Lea
24、ding to Happiness （ C） The Most Desirable Job in the World （ D） The Necessity of Leisure 37 If a person wishes to be happy,_. （ A） he must have something to do （ B） he must realize the essential difference between work and labor （ C） he must feel free first of all （ D） he must do something valuable
25、to society 38 A man is a laborer if_. （ A） what he likes to do is not recognized by society （ B） he has to make a living or supporting his family （ C） he cannot get paid for what he does （ D） he is forced to do what he doesnt enjoy 39 According to the passage,what is societys attitude toward the gam
26、e we play? （ A） Society regards play as another kind of labor. （ B） Society doesn t care what we play at all. （ C） Society forbids us to play any game. （ D） Society cares for private games very much. 40 Which of the following kinds of person is a worker? （ A） A teacher who enjoys working with studen
27、ts. （ B） A white-collar employee who is well paid. （ C） A man who doesnt mix work with play. （ D） A man who has good appetite and enjoys goods health. 41 What does the laborer think of leisure? （ A） He thinks he has no time for it since he has to support his family. （ B） He wishes to have as little
28、leisure as possible. （ C） He hopes to have more leisure to play. （ D） He thinks it more important than health and family. 41 Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The bio
29、logical clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insect when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat,sleep and wake. It controls body temperature,the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events a
30、re circadian rhythms. Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer, Jean-Jacquesd“Ortous de Mairan“, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, an
31、d closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that mans biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours
32、 on a man-made clock. About four years a-go an American doctor,Eliot Weitzman,established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his re
33、search will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monte-flore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered,so no sunlight or moonlight comes
34、 in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers,one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. The instruments measure heartbeat,body temperature,hormones in the blood,other substance
35、s in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches,so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the first four
36、 years of research,Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month,a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper,Dava Sobol,became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She ent
37、ered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper. 42 The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in_. （ A） the regulation of body temperature （ B） the secretion of hormones （
38、C） animal reproduction （ D） many aspects of plant and animal physiology 43 In his observation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its open-ing-and-closing cycles_. （ A） even when it was kept in a murky place all day （ B） even if it was placed in the moonlight
39、（ C） even when he was observing it from a dark place （ D） even during the night time 44 The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. “(Para. 2) probably means_. （ A） They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks,without referring to a manmade c
40、lock （ B） They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them （ C） They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythms （ D） They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life 45 In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman,the doctor who is on duty does n
41、ot work the same time each day_. （ A） in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different times （ B） so as not to be recognized by the people （ C） so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work （ D） so as to leave the peoples circadian rhythms in disorde
42、r 46 What is Mr. Weitzman s ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory? （ A） He wanted to have his experiment report published in the newspapers. （ B） People are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. （ C） He wanted to find a way to treat peoples diseases. （ D） He could gain some
43、reputation for the first scientific observation of circadian. 47 Miss Sobol left the laboratory_. （ A） on June 13th （ B） on June 25th （ C） at the end of June （ D） on July 7th 47 There are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms“. No one knows quite how they will interact with the c
44、hanging climate. Heres one example:plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade,vegetation may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a y
45、earfaster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1,000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, Russia,and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying tress would soon lead to massive forest fires,releasing tons
46、 of CO2 and further boosting global warming. There are dozens of other possible “feedback mechanisms“. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others,like the“albedo“ef-fect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earths
47、 surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes through,more heat will be absorbed,adding to the global temperature increase. Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow,the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply
48、make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels. Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the worlds energy is consumed by a quarte
49、r of the worlds population. The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere,more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US,with just seven percent of the global population,is responsible for 22 percent of global warming. 48 “Feedback mechanisms“in paragraph 1 most probably refer to_. （ A） how plants and animals adapt to hidden f
