1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 158及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Water is a kind of chemical substance. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 2 Water is as important as
2、 vitamins, minerals and proteins for life. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 3 Women have more fat cells so women have less water. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 4 Bone contains no water. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 5 Warm water cant cool us, But cold water can. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 6 Sugar in cold sweet drinks slows the liquid
3、from getting into the blood-stream. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 7 Fat cells block body heat from escaping quickly. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 8 A 15% -20% drop in body water can cause the blood system to fail. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 9 Health experts say that all kinds of people should drink at least about 2 liters
4、 of liquids every day. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 10 Meats also contain water. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where is population growth happening? （ A） In
5、all countries in the world. （ B） In only a few countries. （ C） In most countries. （ D） Mainly in developed countries. 12 Which of the following is true according to the talk? （ A） There has been a slower population growth in the past ten years. （ B） The worlds birth rate is higher than ten years ago
6、. （ C） Families are as large as before. （ D） Birth control has been carried out well all over the world. 13 Why may it happen in the future that people working in Europe will have to pay much higher taxes? （ A） Because more and more children will be given birth. （ B） Because they will earn more mone
7、y. （ C） Because they will have higher living standards. （ D） Because the number of retired people will become even larger. 14 Which of the following statements about the telephone of the future is NOT true? （ A） It will be much more complex than the telephone we use today. （ B） It will be more conve
8、nient to use than todays telephone. （ C） You will be able to dial great distances. （ D） There will be no busy lines. 15 The screens of televisions of the future will_. （ A） become screens of movie theaters （ B） become as large as walls in home （ C） have no change （ D） become smaller 16 What will hap
9、pen to the programs of televisions of the future? （ A） All TV sets can receive some programs without paying money in a certain area. （ B） You may pay for some special programs if you like. （ C） If you are interested in a certain subject, you may borrow some video tapes about it. （ D） All of the abov
10、e. 17 What is the main topic of this talk? （ A） Bicycles and cars. （ B） Building codes. （ C） Energy conservation. （ D） New housing construction. 18 Why is insulation required in new houses? （ A） To limit discussion on heating bills. （ B） To prevent heat loss. （ C） To determine the temperature in hom
11、es. （ D） To convert homes to electric heat. 19 What is the purpose of building new houses facing north or south? （ A） To avoid direct sunlight. （ B） To limit space used. （ C） To keep out the cold. （ D） To conform to other houses. 20 What has the city of Davis provided for bicycle riders? （ A） Specia
12、l paths. （ B） Resurfaced highways. （ C） More parking space. （ D） Better street lighting. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right
13、. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Where was the letter probably placed many years ago? 22 What was there under a rock once at the southern trip of Africa? 23 How long did the journey take from England to India in the old days? 24 Where could the boats
14、find the letters at Cape Horn? 25 What was marked on each box inside the tree in Washington? 26 Who did the people usually give letters to after the English colonists just arrived at America? 27 Where was the mail at a plantation passed on to me? 28 How long did it take for a letter sent by a post r
15、ider to reach the addressee between New York and Boston? 29 What did Franklin set up between the northern and southern colonies? 30 What was used to carry most mail after the colonies became a nation? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the
16、numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 Recent surveys show that Japanese youth have become a “Me Generation“ that rejects traditional values. “Around 1980 many Japanese, 【 C1】 _young people abandoned the values of economic success and began【 C2】 _for new set
17、s of values to【 C3】 _them happiness, “ writes sociologist Yasuhiro in Comparative Civilizations Review. Japanese youth are placing more importance on the individual s pursuit of【 C4】 _and less on the values of work, family, and society. Japanese students seem to be losing patience with work, 【 C5】 _
18、their counterparts in the United States and Korea. In a 1993【 C6】 _of college students in the three countries, only 10% of the Japanese regarded【 C7】 _as a primary value compared with 47% of Korean students and 27% of American students. A greater【 C8】 _of Japanese aged 18 -24 also preferred easy job
19、s【 C9】 _heavy responsibility. The younger Japanese are showing less concern for family values as they pursue an inner world of private satisfaction. Data collected【 C10】 _the Japanese government in 1993 shows that only 23% of Japanese youth are thinking about supporting their aged parents, in contra
20、st【 C11】 _63% of young Americans. It appears that many younger-generation Japanese are【 C12】 _both respect for their parents【 C13】 _a sense of responsibility to the family. Author Yoshizaki attributes the change【 C14】 _Japanese parents over-indulgence of their children, material affluence, and growi
21、ng【 C15】 _for private matters. The shift【 C16】 _individualism among Japanese is most pronounced among【 C17】 _very young. According to 1991 data【 C18】 _the Bunka Center of Japan, 50% of Japanese youth aged 16 -19 can be labeled “ self-centered“ compared with 33% among【 C19】 _aged 25-29. To earn the s
22、elf-centered label, the young people responded positively to【 C20】 _ideas as “ I would like to make decisions without considering traditional values“ and “I dont want to do anything I cant enjoy doing. 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37 【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C1
23、1】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoev
24、er is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to make ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions about the future of work. Would we continue to treat emplo
25、yment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the
26、 office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seem
27、s a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriv
28、ing them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transportation improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places
29、 of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it beca
30、me customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As emp
31、loyment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away fr
32、om the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs. 51 Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that_. （ A） available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population （ B） new jobs m
33、ust be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures （ C） available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployed （ D） the nowaday high unemployment figures are a truth of life 52 The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that_. （ A） universal empl
34、oyment virtually guaranteed prosperity （ B） economic freedom came within everyones control （ C） patterns of work were fundamentally changed （ D） peoples attitudes to work had to be reversed 53 The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that_. （ A） people were no longer legally entitled to o
35、wn land （ B） people were driven to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves （ C） people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their land （ D） people were badly paid for the work they managed to find 54 The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that_. （ A） the
36、 household and village community disappeared completely （ B） men now travelled enormous distances to their places of work （ C） young and old people became superfluous components of society （ D） the work status of those not in paid employment suffered 55 The article concludes that_. （ A） the creation
37、 of jobs for all is an impossibility （ B） our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficient （ C） people should begin supporting themselves by learning a practical skill （ D） we should help those whose jobs arc only part-time 55 Throughout history there have been many unusu
38、al taxes levied on such things as hats, Beds, Baths, marriages, and funerals. At one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every household with six or more windows. And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each time he dined with one of his subjects.
39、Why? To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth! Different kinds of taxes help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a tax is said to “bear the burden“of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on others. That is why the three levels of government in this country u
40、se several kinds of taxes. This spreads the burden of taxes among more people. From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income taxes, property taxes, sales taxes, and estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Some are used by only one level of government; others by two or even all t
41、hree levels. Together these different taxes make up what is called our tax system. Income taxes are the main source of federal revenues. The federal government gets more than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxes. As its name indicated, an income tax is a tax on earnings. Both individuals a
42、nd business corporations pay a federal income tax. The oldest tax in the United States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for local governments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is not used by the federal government. A sales tax is a tax l
43、evied on purchases. Most people living in the United States know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are several kinds of sales taxes, But only three of them are important. They are general sales taxes, excise taxes, and import taxes. Other three closely rela
44、ted taxes are estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Everything a person owns, including both real and personal property, makes up his or her estate. When someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals or organizations. Before the property is transferred,
45、 however, it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount. 56 The reason that the Turkish ruler collected a dining tax is to pay for_. （ A） the inconvenience for him to put on and take off clothes （ B） the damage that eating did to his teeth （ C） his efforts to cut the food into
46、 pieces （ D） the decay of his teeth because of sugar 57 The government levies different kinds of taxes so that_. （ A） the rich have to pay more and the poor less （ B） a wider range of taxpayers can be included （ C） each of three levels of government could get tax money （ D） the burden of taxes falls
47、 evenly on everybody 58 The federal government gets most of their income from_. （ A） property tax （ B） income tax （ C） sales tax （ D） estate tax 59 How many states levy import taxes in the U. S. A. ? （ A） 4 （ B） 50 （ C） 46 （ D） 54 60 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Any form of pr
48、operty is subject to an estate tax when transferred. （ B） Property tax provides a part of income for local government. （ C） There are a few kinds of sales taxes. （ D） Individuals and corporations both pay income taxes. 60 World leaders met recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to
49、discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earths life-support systems. In fact, this meeting had much the flavour of the original Earth Summit. To wit: empty promises, hollow rhetoric, Bickering between rich and poor, and irrelevant initiatives. Think U. S. Congress in slow motion. Almost obscured by
