1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 211及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 How many chickens become the KFC chains fried meals every year?_ （ A） 500 million. （ B） 600 million. （ C） 700 million. （ D） 800 million. 12 Which of the following suggestions has NOT been raised by the Ethical Treatment of Animals? _ （ A） To improve the diets of hens. （ B） To m
5、ove chickens into large farms. （ C） To make chickens sleep before they are killed. （ D） To improve chickens lives. 13 What is Ian Duncans attitude towards the Ethical Treatment of Animals now? _ （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） No specific idea. 14 Main languages used for normal
6、lessons at Pacific College are_. （ A） English （ B） French （ C） Spanish （ D） Both A and B 15 What is the fee for one year? （ A） $1200 （ B） $2400 （ C） $1500 （ D） $4200 16 Apart from academic ability, what should be considered when one applies for scholarship? （ A） Hobby （ B） Special activities （ C） Ma
7、turity （ D） Nationality 17 Why does the woman say she has mixed feeling ? （ A） She wasnt quite ready to come back to campus. （ B） There are more endangered species in zoos than in the wild. （ C） The birds wont learn to keep away from people. （ D） She might change her major. 18 What was the womans jo
8、b? （ A） Counting wildlife （ B） Cleaning cages （ C） Training baby birds （ D） Making puppets 19 Why does the man mention tigers and pandas? （ A） He once had a job in a zoo. （ B） Theyre familiar examples of endangered species. （ C） Hes interested in the genetics of mammals. （ D） They also become attach
9、ed to humans. 20 Why do the staff members cover themselves with cloth as they work? （ A） So that they are protected from scratches by the cranes talons. （ B） So that they arent exposed to infectious diseases. （ C） So that the chicks can be examined in a sterile environment. （ D） So that the chicks d
10、ont become dependent on human being. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives,
11、 21 about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, 22 is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old persons recollections of the past help to 23 an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: 24 any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide
12、 25 to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life 26 living. 27 , the memories form part of a continuing life 28 , in which the old person 29 the events and experiences of the years gone by and 30 on the overall meaning of his or her own almost co
13、mpleted life. As the life cycle 31 to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending (即将发生的 ) death. 32 this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a 33 subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as 34 . As adults m
14、any of us find the topic frightening and are 35 to think about itand certainly not to talk about it 36 the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo 37 only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to 38 the idea of death. It
15、is the very fact that death remains 39 our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes 40 is so. （ A） better than （ B） rather than （ C） less than （ D） other than （ A） so （ B） even （ C） nor （ D） hardly （ A） preserve （ B） conserve （ C） resume （ D） assume （ A） performing （ B） playing （
16、C） undertaking （ D） lacking （ A） orientation （ B） implication （ C） succession （ D） presentation （ A） worthy （ B） worth （ C） worthless （ D） worthwhile （ A） In a word （ B） In brief （ C） In addition （ D） In particular （ A） prospect （ B） impetus （ C） impression （ D） review （ A） integrates （ B） incorpora
17、tes （ C） includes （ D） interacts （ A） reckons （ B） counts （ C） reflects （ D） conceive （ A） keeps （ B） draws （ C） inclines （ D） tends （ A） Therefore （ B） And （ C） Yet （ D） Otherwise （ A） taboo （ B） dispute （ C） contempt （ D） neglect （ A） notorious （ B） indecent （ C） obscure （ D） desperate （ A） ready
18、（ B） willing （ C） liable （ D） reluctant （ A） at （ B） on （ C） with （ D） in （ A） status （ B） circumstance （ C） environment （ D） priority （ A） encounter （ B） confront （ C） tolerate （ D） expose （ A） under （ B） above （ C） beyond （ D） within （ A） which （ B） what （ C） as （ D） that Part B Directions: Read t
19、he following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon)English, Middle English, and Modern English.
20、 The earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, O
21、ld Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (词尾变化的 ) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had be
22、gun to break down. The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French (and Latin, often by way of French) upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and m
23、any changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A bypical prose passage, specially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either. The period of Modern Engl
24、ish extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had begun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early development
25、s include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many a
26、reas which Britain had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word-stock. 41 The earliest written record of English available to us started （ A） from the seventh century （ B） from the fifth century （ C） from the twelfth century （ D） from the ninth century
27、 42 What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English? （ A） The influence of Latin. （ B） A revolution in vowel distribution. （ C） A well-developed inflectional system. （ D） Loss of some inflections. 43 what can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Even an educated person can not read old English
28、without special training. （ B） A person who knows French well can understand old English. （ C） An educated person can understand old English but can not pronounce it. （ D） A person can pronounce old English words but cant understand them. 44 Which of the following is NOT mentioned? （ A） French. （ B）
29、 Latin. （ C） Greek. （ D） German. 45 What is the most remarkable characteristic of Modern English? （ A） Numerous additions to its vocabulary. （ B） Completion of a revolution in vowel distribution. （ C） Gradual changes in its grammatical system. （ D） The direct influence of Latin. 45 Hawaiis native mi
30、nority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea. The islands were an
31、nexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US
32、native group without some degree of autonomy. But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian n-atives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. Howe
33、ver, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the stateas enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) , a state a-gency set up in 1978 to represent to na
34、tives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 wants full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how
35、many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood. Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this iss
36、ue that n-ative groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US$ 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigoro
37、usly disputed this. 46 Hawaiis native minority refers to_. （ A） people of Filipino origin （ B） the Ka Lahui group （ C） people with 50% Hawaiian blood （ D） Hawaiis ethnic groups 47 Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? （ A） They are the only native group without sovereignt
38、y. （ B） Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans. （ C） Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed. （ D） Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii. 48 Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? （ A） He suggested that the native people decided for th
39、emselves. （ B） He is leading the local independence movement. （ C） He is Hawaiis first native governor. （ D） He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee. 49 Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? （ A） The Hawaiian natives. （ B） American Indian na
40、tives. （ C） Office of Hawaiian Affairs. （ D） The Ka Lahui group. 50 Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） more back rent on the crown land （ B） full independence from the US （ C） a greater autonomy within the state （ D） a claim on the Hawaiian crown land 50 Specialisation c
41、an be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related
42、developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur“ does carry a
43、connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur
44、 participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the last cent
45、ury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth ce
46、ntury, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geologica
47、l journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals
48、 have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or t
49、o come together nationally in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 51 The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_. （ A） society and chemistry （ B） phys
