1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 27及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Potentially offering a powerful new tool against terrorism, researchers have found a novel way to detect deception: in the liars blushing face. The technique, described in the journal, Nature, uses a thermal camera to detect sudden, inv
3、oluntary shifts of blood flow in the face. The system performed as accurately as a traditional polygraph, the scientists report. Yet the camera can provide answers instantly, and does not require a highly trained specialist to operate it or interpret its results. This makes it far better suited than
4、 the polygraph for a new, high-tech approach to security that is already raising the hackles of civil libertarians: the screening of large numbers of citizens, at airports and other sensitive areas, who have done nothing wrong. “The next decade is going to see the development of truly accurate lie d
5、etectors, “ said Stephen M. Kosslyn, an expert on detecting lies and a professor of psychology at Harvard University. The prototype, built by researchers at the Mayo Clinic and Honeywell Laboratories in Minnesota, is at least 2 years from being ready for general use. But other scientists said the di
6、scovery of previously unknown physiological changes in the face was itself an important step forward. “This is a potentially very important work, which may open a new window on the mind,“ said Kosslyn. Pushed by technological advances, and with fresh interest since Sept. 11, the discovery is part of
7、 a boom in the scientific study of deceit and its detection. Although the lie remains a mysterious phenomenon, researchers in recent years have found a number of new approaches that might replace the polygraph, from brain scans, to subtle changes in eye movement, to sparks of electrical activity tha
8、t signal a person who has seen a victim or a crime scene before. The new finding, though, is remarkable for its simplicity. When a person tells a lie, the team found, there is a sudden rush of blood to the area around the eyes, according to the Mayo Clinics Dr. James A. Levine. Although the change i
9、s not ordinarily visible the blood warms the skin, causing bands of color to appear through a camera sensitive to heat. The team devised a computer program that can identify the telltale changes based on the camera images. In testing at the US Department of Defense Polygraph Institute, which trains
10、federal polygraph examiners, the device performed better than polygraphs, with 85 percent accuracy compared with 70 percent for the polygraph. 1 Compared with a traditional polygraph a thermal camera_. （ A） can show accurate results （ B） can easily be handled by anybody （ C） is a high-tech approach
11、（ D） is used to fight against terrorism 2 The phrase “raising the hackles of.“(in boldface in Paragraph 3)most probably means_. （ A） arousing someones interest （ B） giving someone high priority （ C） drawing someones attention （ D） making someone feel very angry 3 A thermal camera is expected to dete
12、ct deception by_. （ A） showing the physiological changes in the liars face （ B） scanning the liars brain and his/her whole body （ C） catching the sudden movements of the liars eyes （ D） screening the sudden rush of the liars blood pressure 4 With respect to the advances in studying lie detection sci
13、entists think highest of_. （ A） simplifying the entire process of detection （ B） the mechanic design of thermal cameras （ C） substituting new approaches for polygraph （ D） the discovery that one blushes while telling lies 5 It can safely be inferred that Sept. 11_. （ A） confirmed the failure of poly
14、graph in detecting deception （ B） made American begin to know about lie detection （ C） gave a spur to the study of lie detection in the United States （ D） triggered Americas development of lie detectors 6 According to the passage thermal cameras _. （ A） have yet to be put to general use （ B） have pr
15、oved successful since 2 years ago （ C） have to undergo tests at least half a year （ D） have been playing a dominant role in lie detection 6 On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder(胆囊 )removed by surgeons operating via computer from New York. It was the f
16、irst complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient. In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between N
17、ew York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc., that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the follo
18、wing week. The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeons movements in New
19、York and the return video(from Strasbourg)on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time. France Telecoms engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room,“ says Mar
20、escaux. The successful collaboration(合作 )among medicine, advanced technology, and telecommunications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The
21、computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world. Marescaux des
22、cribes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a “third revolution“ in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen(腹部 )and thorax(
23、胸腔 )do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms(计算法 )enhance the safety of the surgeons movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the pat
24、ient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distancecurrently several meters in the operating room could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers. 7 The title that best expresses the main idea is_. （ A） How the Second Revolution in Surgery Comes Out （ B） The Telesurgery Revolution （ C） A
25、Patient Was Saved （ D） Dream Comes True 8 The italicized Word “ telesurgery“(Sentence 2, Para. 1)can be best explained as_. （ A） an operation done over a distance （ B） an operation done on television （ C） an operation demanding special skill （ D） an operation demanding high technology 9 How long did
26、 it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation? （ A） 24 hours. （ B） 48 hours. （ C） About a week. （ D） Almost a month. 10 What is the major barrier to telesurgery? （ A） Distance. （ B） Advanced technology. （ C） Delay. （ D） Medical facilities. 11 The writer implies that_. （ A） d
27、ifficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world now （ B） compared to the “third revolution“ in surgery, the first two are less important （ C） all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operation （ D） a new breakthrough has been made in surgery 12 According to the fifth p
28、aragraph, which of the following statements is NOT a fact? （ A） The successful collaboration among medicine, advanced technology, and telecommunications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. （ B） Highly skilled surgeons may perform especially difficult operati
29、ons through longdistance procedures. （ C） The scanning systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. （ D） More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurg
30、ery operating rooms around the world. 12 The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence(显著
31、 ),“ said the UNs 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998. The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana(大麻
32、)or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a persons lifestyle,“ the study says. Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the
33、 occasional shock of death by overdose(过量用药 ). “Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use,“ it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars including
34、 Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Be-lushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countr
35、ies, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household,“ the study says. The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issuesespecially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization which encourages, rather than preven
36、ts, drug abuse. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,“ says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,“ he says. Ghodse also points out that
37、 all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway. The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tole
38、rant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed. 13 Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with? （ A） The use of drugs fo
39、r non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a persons lifestyle （ B） The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond country boundaries. （ C） No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse. （ D） The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug mess
40、ages of the youth culture. 14 The italicized phrase “under fire“(Sentence 1, Para. 1)means_. （ A） in an urgent situation （ B） facing some problems （ C） being criticized （ D） quite popular 15 Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars cau
41、sed by overdose? （ A） They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models. （ B） They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs. （ C） They try to confront the deadly effect of “recreational“ drug use. （ D） They may stop abusing the drugs. 16 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage
42、 as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse? （ A） The spreading of pop music. （ B） The media. （ C） Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups. （ D） The low price of some drugs. 17 The pop music_. （ A） has a great influence on youn
43、g people of most cultures （ B） only appeals to a small number of young people （ C） is not a profitable industry （ D） is the only culprit(罪魁祸首 )responsible for drug abuse 18 According to the given article, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Pop music is being blamed by the United Nat
44、ions for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. （ B） Pop music is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. （ C） The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legali
45、zation. （ D） The present study focuses on the issue of demand increase and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. 18 The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United Sta
46、tes, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs shee
47、r mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents“, long sections
48、of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipelines up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, th
49、e tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $ 8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could ra
