1、大学生英语竞赛（ NECCS） B类模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 Section A 1 When she heard the bad news, her eyes_with tears as she struggled to control her emotions. （ A） sparkled （ B） twinkled （ C） radiated （ D） glittered 2 Half the excuses she gives are not true, but she always seems to_them. （ A） get on with （ B） get away with
2、 （ C） get up from （ D） get in on 3 I only know the man by_but I have never spoken to him. （ A） chance （ B） heart （ C） sight （ D） experience 4 The multinational corporation was making a take-over_for a property company. （ A） application （ B） bid （ C） proposal （ D） suggestion 5 The ability to store kn
3、owledge makes computers different from every other machine_ invented. （ A） ever （ B） thus （ C） yet （ D） as 6 There_nothing more for discussion; the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （ A） to be （ B） to have been （ C） being （ D） be 7 He must give US more time,_we shall not be able to make a
4、 good job of it. （ A） consequently （ B） otherwise （ C） therefore （ D） doubtlessly 8 He resented_to wait. He expected the minister_him at once. （ A） to be asked; to see （ B） being asked; to flee （ C） to be asked; seeing （ D） being asked; seeing 9 It was recommended that passengers_smoke during the fl
5、ight. （ A） not （ B） need not （ C） could not （ D） would not 10 If this university_such a good reputation, I would not have come here. （ A） didnt have （ B） hadnt had （ C） doesnt have （ D） hasnt had Section B 11 _is not a U. S. news and cable network. （ A） ABC （ B） CNN （ C） CBS （ D） BBC 12 In the U. S.
6、 , the senatorial term is_years. （ A） 3 （ B） 4 （ C） 6 （ D） 8 13 Which of the following is the most famous work of the American novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald? （ A） A Farewell to Arms （ B） The Sound and the Fury （ C） Long Day Journey into Night （ D） The Great Gatsby 14 The southern part of the Pacific
7、coast in California has a_climate. （ A） subtropical （ B） continental desert （ C） maritime （ D） Medit rranean 15 The major source of income of Irish farmers is_. （ A） wheat （ B） fruits （ C） livestock （ D） potatoes 一、 Part Cloze 15 The rate at which man has been storing up useful knowledge about himse
8、lf and the universe has been spiraling upward for 10,000 years. The rate【 46】 t_a sharp upward leap thousands of years ago,【 47】 w_the invention of writing, but even so it remained painfully slow over centuries of time. In knowledge【 48】 _(acquire) the next great leap forward did not occur until the
9、 invention of movable type in the fifteenth century by Gutenberg and others. Prior【 49】 _1500, by the most optimistic【 50】 est_, Europe was producing books at a rate of 1, 000 titles per year. This means that it would take a full century to produce a library of 100, 000 titles. The rate had【 51】 ac_
10、so sharply by 1950, four and a half centuries later, that Europe was producing 120, 000 titles a year.【 52】 _once took a century now took only ten months. By 1960, a【 53】 s_decade later, the rate had made another significant jump, so that a century s work could be completed in seven and a half month
11、s. And, the output of books【 54】 _ a world scale by the mid sixties, Europe【 55】_(include), approached the remarkable figure of 1,000 titles per day. Section A 25 The Supreme Court s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients
12、 of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect“ , a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects a good one that is intended and a harmful
13、one that is foreseen is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of
14、Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain, if that might hasten death. George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University,
15、 maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal e-ven if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “ It s like surgery,“ he says. “ We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patient
16、s, although they risked their death. If you re a physician, you can risk your patient s suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide. “ On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem m
17、edicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggr
18、essive use of “ ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying“ as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to deve
19、lop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “ Large numbers of physicians seem unconce
20、rned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,“ to the extent that it constitutes “ systematic patient abuse“. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license susp
21、ension. 26 From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_. （ A） doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain （ B） it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives （ C） the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide （ D） patients have no consti
22、tutional right to commit suicide 27 Which of the following statements is true according to the text? （ A） Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death. （ B） Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery. （ C） The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relievin
23、g medication can be prescribed. （ D） A doctor s medication is no longer justified by his intentions. 28 According to the NAS s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is_. （ A） prolonged medical procedures （ B） inadequate treatment of pain （ C） systematic drug abuse （ D） insufficient hospita
24、l care 29 Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive“ (line 3 , paragraph 6) ? （ A） Bold. （ B） Harmful. （ C） Careless. （ D） Desperate. 30 George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they_. （ A） manage their patients incompetently （ B） give patients more medicin
25、e than needed （ C） reduce drug dosages for their patients （ D） prolong the needless suffering of the patients Section B 30 Collision between an aircraft and one or more birds is termed a bird-strike. Pilots sometimes record a birdstrike while at cruising altitudes, but most of them happen when an ai
26、rcraft is relatively close to the ground, usually in proximity to an airport and during the circling, descent to land or take-off phases of a flight. Birdstrikes may cause significant damage to an aircraft and/or, if the birds are ingested into a jet engine, a significant and sudden loss of power. I
27、f this were to happen during take-off or initial climb of a fully loaded passenger aircraft the results could be catastrophic loss of the aircraft and the lives of those on board. Any bird is a potential hazard to aircraft and this is especially true as bird numbers and bird size increase. Unfortuna
28、tely airports themselves can be attractive to birds rodents, insects and other small animals are a food source often found in flat grassed areas such as the runway strips. Even so, this problem can be reduced by careful habitat management or bird harassment techniques practised by airport maintenanc
29、e and safety personnel. Further problems may arise because the airport is located on bird migration routes. These may have existed prior to the airport site selection but may not have been taken into account because the problem was not understood at the time or have only been recently established be
30、cause the birds have found an attractive new food source. Care needs to be taken by local authorities in deciding the location of rubbish tips, or when permitting other land uses that may be attractive to birds in this way. Of course these effects cannot always be anticipated with certainty since bi
31、rds such as gulls have been recorded as travelling 50 kilometres or more from their roosting area to an attractive food source. Agricultural uses may be thought desirable because they are compatible with high levels of noise exposure, but they can have an adverse effect on air-craft operations if bi
32、rds are attracted during seeding or crop cultivation. Birds may also be attracted to pig farms where garbage is used as fodder. Even tree plantings can present a hazard if the species provides an attractive food source or nesting habitat. Local authority planning schemes often apply strict controls
33、on developments such as abattoirs, cattle feed lots, grain handling, piggeries, canals and marina developments, fish farms, and suchlike. In most cases these uses will not be permitted without a full environmental study. That study should be required to deal with the question of likely bird hazards
34、if the proposed location is in proximity to an airport. In some instances it may be necessary to consider ways of managing a particular landsuse in order to reduce its attractiveness to birds, for example the adoption of land-fill measures at garbage tips, or enclosed rather than open-air activity.
35、Specialist ornithological opinion may be necessary. In such cases it may not be possible to implement immediate changes in land use, but this should not inhibit the adoption of long-term measures which are designed to achieve this. SUMMARY: A collision between an aircraft and one or more birds is kn
36、own as a bird strike. It usually happens when an aircraft is close【 61】 , and may result in significant damage of the aircraft or loss of the aircraft and【 62】 of passengers and crew if they occur during take-off or initial climb. Because birds can find plenty food in flat grassed areas, airports ar
37、e especially attractive to birds. However, the danger can be minimized by【 63】 Local authorities need to take care when deciding on【 64】 It is suggested that a full environmental study should be made before making plans of developments on the land in proximity to an airport. Local authorities should
38、 get advice from specialists and take【 65】 in order to bring about changes in land use. Section C 35 Hostel buildings vary from cottage to castle. Most have been adapted to hostel use though some have been specially built for the purpose. As it is impossible to put identical facilities into such a w
39、ide range of buildings, hostels have been divided into four grades so that members pay an overnight fee roughly corresponding to the facilities provided. Nevertheless, whatever the architectural differences, all hostels offer accommodation with the following facilities. Sleeping In dormitories norma
40、lly with 2-tier beds. Mattresses, blankets and pillows are provided but you take your own sleeping bag or hire a freshly laundered bag at the hostel. Washing Washing facilities are provided, and at hostels where stated there are also baths or showers. You provide your own toilet articles including s
41、oap and towel. Common Room All hostels have a common room. At some hostels this also serves as a dining-room. Meals At most hostels hot meals can be provided by the warden. (The Hostel Details state where this is not the case.) Meals cannot be guaranteed unless paid for in advance. Lunch packets sho
42、uld also be booked in advance whenever possible: it is easier to provide appetising fare when the warden knows beforehand how many lunch packets will be required. (Please note that lunch packets do not include any drinks.) Breakfast is usually cereal or porridge and a cooked dish followed by bread a
43、nd marmalade and tea. Evening meal is a 3-course meal usually consisting of soup, a meat course, a sweet or pudding and tea. A number of hostels now have a cafeteria service or provide snack meals. Members Kitchen At all hostels except some temporary hostels there are facilities for members to cook
44、their own meals, including cooking points, pots and pans. There is no charge for the use of these facilities. Small Store Where the Hostel Details state that there is a small store it means there are sufficient foodstuffs on sale to enable self-cookers to prepare a meal. The following list of a typi
45、cal small store gives you a good idea of what you can buy, though every small store may not necessarily offer you these exact items. If ordered in advance: milk, bread, potatoes, margarine. Without ordering in advance: tins of beans and/or spaghetti, soup (for packets) , condensed or evaporated milk
46、, meat or meat pudding, fish, vegetables, fruit, steamed puddings. Small jars of jam and marmalade. Small packets of tea, coffee, sugar and cornflakes or other cereal. Matches. Chocolate. Packets of crisp bread or oatcakes and dehydrated potato powder. Store Where the Hostel Details state that there
47、 is a store with an extensive range of foodstuffs available. It is likely that such stores will have all the goods listed above and also the following; Greater variety of tinned goods. Packets of cheese, oats, biscuits and dates. Meat extracts cubes. Milk, bread, potatoes and margarine should be ord
48、ered in advance. Cutlery and cookery are supplied whether you have meals provided or prepare your own. Hostel Telephones Telephones are primarily provided for administrative use and urgent business , not for social purposes. Wardens will pass on urgent messages, but cannot always locate a member to
49、bring him to the telephone. It is helpful if you tell your friends and family “ Dont ring me I 11 ring you,“ and then use a public call box. If a warden allows you to use the telephone for an outgoing call, please be brief there may be a member in difficulty, urgently trying to contact the warden. Bookings can be made by telephone. The telephone may be used for enquiries. 36 The price of a night s accommodation at a
