1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 101及答案与解析 Section C 0 If youre like most people, youre way too smart for advertising. You skip right past newspaper ads, never click on ads online and leave the room during TV commercials. That, at least, is what we tell ourselves. But what we tell ourselves is wrong. Advertising
2、works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34 billion-a-year business. And if Martin Lindstrom author of the best seller Buyology and a marketing consultant for Fortune 500 companies, including PepsiCo and Disney is correct, trying to tune this stuff out is about to get a
3、 whole lot harder. Lindstrom is a practitioner of neuromarketing(神经营销学 )research, in which consumers are exposed to ads while hooked up to machines that monitor brain activity, sweat responses and movements in face muscles, all of which are markers of emotion. According to his studies, 83% of all fo
4、rms of advertising principally engage only one of our senses: sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans to catch our ear, largely ignoring everyday sounds a baby laughing and other noises our
5、 bodies cant help paying attention to. Weave this stuff into an ad campaign, and we may be powerless to resist it. To figure out what most appeals to our ear, Lindstrom wired up his volunteers, then played them recordings of dozens of familiar sounds, from McDonald s wide-spread “Im Lovin It“ slogan
6、 to cigarettes being lit. The sound that blew the doors off all the restboth in terms of interest and positive feelings was a baby giggling. The other high-ranking sounds were less original but still powerful. The sound of a vibrating cell phone was Lindstroms second-place finisher. Others that foll
7、owed were an ATM distributing cash and a soda being burst open and poured. In all of these cases, it didnt take an advertiser to invent the sounds, combine them with meaning and then play them over and over until the subjects being part of them. Rather, the sounds already had meaning and thus fueled
8、 a series of reactions: hunger, thirst, happy expectation. 1 As is mentioned in the first paragraph, most people believe that_. （ A） ads are a waste of time （ B） they are easily misled by ads （ C） they are not influenced by ads （ D） ads are unavoidable in life 2 What do we know about Madison Avenue
9、in hard economic times? （ A） It becomes more thriving by advertising. （ B） It turns to advertising so as to survive. （ C） It helps spread the influence of advertising. （ D） It keeps being prosperous thanks to advertising. 3 What do we learn about PepsiCo and Disney from the passage? （ A） Lindstrom w
10、as inspired by them to write a book. （ B） They get marketing advice from Lindstrom. （ C） Lindstrom helps them to go through hard times. （ D） They attribute their success to Lindstrom. 4 It is pointed out by Lindstrom that advertisers should_. （ A） rely more on neuromarketing （ B） rely less on slogan
11、s （ C） rely less on sign effect （ D） rely more on everyday sounds 5 It is found by Lindstrom that a baby giggling is_. （ A） the most touching （ B） the most familiar （ C） the most distinctive （ D） the most impressive 5 When a New Yorker was hiking in Europe, his Swiss friend kept saying “Listen to th
12、at!“ but he didnt hear anything. His ears were accustomed to loud city noises and it was days before he was able to notice the sound of a bird. For most of us, silence has become a rare experience. There is background music in restaurants, bars, stores, rest rooms, elevators, and when you are waitin
13、g on the telephone. Russell Baker blames “society s determination to entertain you whether you like it or not.“ People may say they yearn for quiet, but in practice they avoid it. They drive with the car radio turned up, switch on the television when they get home, and exercise while listening to mu
14、sic on headphones. The noise suggests that people have a spiritual problem. They can buy things in stores, but they do not have enough human contact. So they fill their lives with sound. Sometimes the reason for the noise is primitive. Young men play their car stereos loudly in order to create a per
15、sonal environment around them. Like animals, they are marking a territory to warn rivals away and to attract a mate. It may also be true that the brain itself wants excitement just as the stomach insists on food. Unlike in the past, we now have modern technology to supply a constant flood of sounds.
16、 This seems extreme. Perhaps we would be better off if we sought periods of silence to provide balance. 6 What was the sound that the New Yorker could not hear? （ A） The sayings of the Swiss. （ B） The sound of a bird. （ C） Background music. （ D） The telephone. 7 Why can t city people hear very well?
17、 （ A） They are accustomed to loud sounds. （ B） They rarely go out hiking. （ C） They spend too much time in elevators and the like. （ D） They are determined to be entertained. 8 Sound is used to replace_. （ A） human contact （ B） shopping in stores （ C） avoiding silence （ D） their spiritual problems 9
18、 Playing a car stereo loudly suggests that the person is_. （ A） very concerned about the environment （ B） warning animals not to approach （ C） behaving like an animal （ D） being a very creative personality 10 According to the passage, a good response to this practice would be to_. （ A） balance the n
19、oise with moments of silence （ B） eat enough food in order to quiet the stomach （ C） use our brains to improve modern technology （ D） realize that the sounds seem to be extreme, but are not 10 Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find the
20、mselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light“. The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothin
21、g to focus on in a broad expanse of a snow-covered area. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature
22、balances this annoyance by producing more and more liquid which covers the eyeballs. The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until vision blurs. And the result is total, even though temporary, snow blindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scout
23、s ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Th
24、eir gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching through the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing
25、 a solid white area is overcomed. 11 To prevent headache, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are_. （ A） indispensable （ B） useful （ C） ineffective （ D） available 12 The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because_. （ A） tears cover the eyeballs （ B） the
26、 eyes are annoyed by blinding sunlight （ C） the eyes are annoyed by blinding snow （ D） there is nothing to focus on 13 When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to_. （ A） clear the vision （ B） remedy snow blindness （ C） ease this annoyance （ D） loosen the muscles 14 Snow-blindness may be avoided by
27、_. （ A） concentrating on the solid white terrain （ B） searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain （ C） providing the eyes with something to focus on （ D） covering the eyeballs with fluid 15 A suitable title for the passage would be_. （ A） Snow Blindness and How to Overcome It （ B） Nat
28、ure s Cure for Snow Blindness （ C） Oldiesin the Snow （ D） Snow Vision 15 The most pressing nuclear energy issue is the disposal of nuclear waste. Even if all the reactors in existence were completely safe to operate, there would still be unsolved issue of what to do with the waste from generating el
29、ectricity by means of nuclear energy. Those who claim that they feel comfortable with nuclear energy are, none the less, concerned about waste disposal methods. Seven states, including California, have put the building of nuclear plants on hold until legislators are convinced that there is a safe wa
30、y to dispose of the radioactive waste from the plants. In the meantime, pools of liquid waste and piles of solid waste from private industry and governmental bomb production grow. Since 1962, the volume of radioactive waste produced by the nuclear power industry has amounted to about 4,300 cubic met
31、ers. By the end of the twentieth century, if production continues at the same rate, there will be 40,000 cubic meters of nuclear waste. Power plants and bomb-making are not the only sources of waste. Uranium mining and milling operations have dumped 24 million metric tons of radioactive tailing wast
32、es at dumping sites around the nation. At places where uranium is currently milled, there is another 100 million metric tons of tailings. Uranium tailings are solid materials in the slurry(or watery mixture)of depleted ore-bearing rock, chemicals, and liquids that result from milling. Usually, the s
33、lurry is piped to holding ponds. When a uranium mill goes out of business, the ponds are left to evaporate, uncovering piles of dried tailings. Uncovered piles of tailings give off radioactive radon gas. Once in the air, the gas finds its way into the water supply and the food chain. Consequently, m
34、any nuclear experts agree that uranium mill tailings may be more dangerous than high-level radioactive wastes from reactors and bombs. 16 It can be inferred from the passage that the most dangerous by-product of uranium mining and milling is_. （ A） solid mining wastes （ B） the slurry in which the wa
35、ste is stored （ C） the radon gas that is emitted by the waste （ D） the uranium that is recovered in the mining operations 17 The central idea of the passage is to point out potential problems regarding_. （ A） effects of high-level radiation （ B） operation of nuclear power plants （ C） fallout from th
36、e explosion of unclear weapons （ D） various sources of radioactive wastes 18 According to the passage, all of the following are sources of radioactive waste EXCEPT_. （ A） bomb production （ B） nuclear fusion experiments （ C） nuclear power plant operation （ D） uranium mining operations 19 According to
37、 the passage, the term “uranium mine tailings“ refers to_. （ A） the uranium that is taken from a mine （ B） the ponds that hold liquid radioactive wastes （ C） solid wastes that result from the mining of uranium （ D） dangerous radon gas that escapes from uranium mines 20 The word “evaporate“(Line 7, P
38、ara. 3)means_. （ A） steam （ B） strengthen （ C） flow out （ D） harden 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 101答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第一段主要讲述人们如何忽略广告。紧接着第二段就指出 That， at least， is what we tell ourselves But what we tell ourselves is wrong Advertisingworks 由此可知，我们告诉自己 “广告不会对自己产生作用 ”是错误的，广告仍然发挥
39、着作用。故选 C。 【 知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。由题干可定位至第二段第三句 Advertising works， which is why， even in hard economic times， Madison Avenue is a 34 billion-a-year business即广告仍然在发挥着作用，这也是为什么即使在经济困难时期，麦迪逊大道每年还是有 340亿美元业务的原因。故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。第二 段最后一句指出 Martin Lindstrommarketing consu
40、ltant forFortune 500 companies， including PepsiCo and Disney即 Lindstrom是 PepsiCo和 Disney的营销顾问。故正确答案是 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据第三段最后两句话 Historically,ads have reliedlargelyignoring everyday soundsWeave this stuff into an ad campaign,and we may bepowerlessto resistit可知， Lindstrom认为日常声音不能被
41、忽视，应该运用到广告中去。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第四段主要讲述 Lindstrom为了弄清楚哪些声音吸引我们的耳朵而做的实验。根据 The soundboth in terms of interest and positive feelingswas a baby giggling可知，婴儿咯咯笑的声音最能吸引人的注意。故答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第一段开头指出 When a New Yorker was hiking in Europe， his Swiss
42、 friend kept saying“Listen to that!”but he didnt hear anything结合下文中 sound of a bird可知纽约人听不到鸟叫声这样的自然声音。故选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。根据短文第一段中 His ears were accustomed to loud city noisesbefore he was able to notice the sound of a bird 即纽约人习惯了大城市的喧嚣。他们的听力可能就不是很好。故选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 D
43、【试题解析】 细节题。文章第二段倒数第二句提到 The noise suggests that people have aspiritual problem。由此可知正确答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第三段第二句指出 Young men play their car stereos loudly inorder to create a personal environment around them Like animalsmarking a territory 即年轻人把车载音响开得很大是为了创造一个私人环境，就像动物一样。故选 C。
44、【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。作者在文章最后指出 Perhaps we would be better off if we soughtperiods of silence to provide balance即最好的做法是能够在喧嚣与宁静中找到平衡，故选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第一段第二句指出 Yet， with dark glasses or not they findthemselves suffering from headaches and watering ey
45、es， and even snow blindness即不管带不带墨镜，人还是会感到头痛，眼睛变湿，甚至产生雪盲。由此可知墨镜在这种情况下是没有效果的，故选项 C正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据短文第二段前半部分可知在白雪皑皑的地方，眼睛没有可关注的东西，而为了找到关注点，目光会不断地来回转移，这样就会造成眼珠疼，眼肌酸痛。故 选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第二段倒数第三句指出 Nature balances this annoyance by producing more and m
46、ore liquid which covers the eyeballs由此可知在这种情况下，由于人身体的自然反应，眼睛会分泌液体 (眼泪 )来缓解这种不舒服。故选项 C正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。短文最后一段倒数第二 句指出 By focusing their attention on one object at a time， the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow blind or lost即把目光聚焦在某个东西上，就可以避免雪盲。故选项 C正确。 【知识模块
47、】 仔细阅读 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨题。短文主要讲述了雪盲症和如何避免雪盲症。故文章标题应该是选项 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块 】 仔细阅读 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推断题。选项中的内容在文中均有提及，但是从危害性上讲，选项A、 B、 D都没有直接说到它们的害处，而文中第三段讲到 Uncovered piles of tailings give off radioactive radon gas Once in the air,the gas finds its way into the water supply and thefood chai
48、n故可推断出这种放射性气体才是最有害的。故选项 C正确。 【知识 模块】 仔细阅读 17 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 主旨题。作者在短文第一句就指出了主题： The most pressing nuclear energy issue is the disposal of nuclear waste关键词是 “核废料 ”nuclear waste。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。作者在第三段提到核废料的来源有： Power plants and bomb-making are not the only sources of waste
49、 Uranium mining and milling operations 显然没有提到 B选项的内容，故选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 词汇题。短文第三段中间提到 Uranium tailings are solid materials in theslurry(or watery mixture)of depleted orebearing rock； chemicals， and liquids thatresult from milling意思是：铀废料是加工所产生的由废弃的矿岩石、化学物和液体所组成的流质混合物中的固体物质。 tailings在这里指 “残渣，废料 ”。故选项 C正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 20 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 词汇题。根据上下文来推测词义。根据 the ponds are left to evaporate， uncovering piles of dried tailings可判断出由于池塘里的液体蒸发没有了，废料才露了出来。故选
