1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 138及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 目前网络教育形成热潮 2我认为形成这股热潮的原因是 3我对网络教育的评价 Online Education 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to
2、the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Depression: It Is Real, and It Is Tr
3、eatable Depression and the Americans People with symptoms of diabetes or other physical problems see their doctors for treatment. Those with depression more often than not try to duke it out alone, according to southwest Minnesota mental health professionals, who say the anxiety is prevalent in the
4、region. Depression affects more than 19 million Americans annually, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Yet only one in three people seeks medical treatment. Defining Depression Depression is nondiscriminatory (一视同仁的 ), affecting all ages, sexes and races, local health profe
5、ssionals say. It is a disease - not a weakness - that consumes the brain of the chemical serotonin (含于血液中的复合胺 ) , and it rarely goes away by itself. Depression and Sex Females suffer from depression and seek treatment twice as often as males, according to data from the NIMH. Hormones play a role, as
6、 do a combination of genetic, psychological and environmental factors. The institute also reports that although depression is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in both sexes, only men suffer a high death rate. Commonality of Depression The Surgeon General estimates that one
7、 in five people will experience a depressive episode during their lifetime. “It is much more common than people realize,“ said Johnson, a licensed marriage and family therapist (治疗专家 ). “Sometimes people get so depressed that theyre unable to function at all, or they become depressed and self medica
8、te with alcohol, and then another problem is created.“ Depression is one of the main reasons people come to the Southwest Mental Health Center. However, far greater numbers rely on family doctors to sort them out and probably just as many or more go untreated. “They dont want to cross over into the
9、mental health field,“ Johnson said. “They worry about what others will think, or about the cost. Its more difficult in rural areas because everybody knows you and there is a shame of asking for help.“ Long Treatment Treatment takes time. People who do seek help often expect a quick fix, but medicati
10、on helps the body replace serotonin slowly. It is subtle improvement that you almost have to be watching for, or you have to look back to how your were a month ago, or six weeks ago. Improvement comes gradually, as does the disorder. How long it takes depends on how well people can change events in
11、their lives, how they interpret things. It depends on what skills you develop to manage the next stressors (紧张性剌激 ) that come your way. Many adults will take antidepressants for the rest of their lives and some wont. With kids, it can be more of a short-term treatment, but again it depends on the in
12、tensity and longevity of the disorder. Medication as a Common Treatment One of the most common treatments for depression is medication, but different drugs have different effects on different people. Each medication can cause various side effects including, but not limited to, dry mouth, nausea, anx
13、iety, insomnia, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, apathy, heart palpitations, and headaches. Some people may experience several side effects while others experience none. The more recently developed antidepressants typically produce fewer side effects. Usually, side effects dissipate in a few weeks aft
14、er the body has become adjusted to the medication. Consumers are advised to start at the lowest dosage with small increments over a period of time until improvement is noticed. An antidepressants effect may take several weeks before a positive result is noticed. Other Ways of Treatment Psychotherapy
15、 or counseling is another common treatment for depression. Oftentimes, medication and psychotherapy are used together for optimum results. Group therapy is another avenue of treatment for people with depression. There are also support groups available to help those with depression. Such groups allow
16、 members to openly share their feelings and receive acceptance from other group members. There is no leader (professional of otherwise) to direct such groups and there is no maximum number of sessions that one can attend. Some people have also found reading various self-help books to be of benefit i
17、n overcoming their depression. And one cannot separate the mind from the body and treat them individually. Instead, a thorough treatment regimen should examine all aspects of a persons life. Sometimes lack of exercise is also associated with depression. So depression may be caused by one or combinat
18、ion of factors and can take many forms. Depression and the Elderly According to Terry Pankow, a licensed independent clinical social worker in Montevideo, the elderly are among the hardest to diagnose because their symptoms often take the form of physical complaints for which no medical cause or ide
19、ology exists. The Centers for Disease Control reports that as many as three out of every 100 people over 65 suffer from clinical depression. Depression and the Children Children and adolescents also are special cases, and they can carry depression into adulthood before getting treatment. One of the
20、things that make depression so hard to diagnose or sort out with children is that they dont have the verbal skills, knowledge and sophistication to talk about “I feel sad or this is making me miserable“. So many times what you see in children is rather than them describing their feelings, they act t
21、heir feelings out in terms of behavior. And so, lots of kids who are labeled as naughty are really depressed. NIMH Statistics about Adolescents The NIMH estimates that up to 2.5 percent of children and up to 8.3 percent of adolescents in the U.S. suffer from depression. A study of 9 to 17 year-olds
22、found that more than six percent experience some depression in any six-month period and nearly five percent have major depression. Types of Depression Depression falls into two categories, Back said. Endogenous (内因的 ) depression comes from a chemical imbalance, and exogenous depression arises from d
23、ifficult situations and circumstances. Depression affects different age groups and people within each age group differently. Symptoms include: difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisions feeling angry or moody, crying easily or worrying a lot alcohol or drug use to mask feelings fatigu
24、e or loss of energy loss of interest in ordinary activities eating and sleeping disorders feeling sad, empty or numb feeling hopeless, helpless, guilty or worthless thoughts of suicide, suicide plans or attempts frequent doctor visits without relief in symptoms; all tests negative Children and adole
25、scents might exhibit some of the same symptoms, as well as aggression, frustration, marked disobedience (不服从 ), extreme self-consciousness, fluctuating energy levels, a fascination for guns and knives, and a preoccupation with music, movies and literature with death themes. They also might complain
26、about dizziness, headaches, stomachaches and body aches. 2 People with depression go to see their doctors more often than people suffering from physical problems. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 There are more women suffering from depression than men. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 In addition to the fear of being
27、 known by others, in rural areas fewer people go to see the doctor for depression because they do not have as much money as the city people. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Antidepressants developed recently have fewer side effects than before. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 To achieve the best results of treatmen
28、t, psychotherapy should be used with counseling. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Among the elderly, children and adolescents, the elderly are the hardest to diagnose. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 A study made by NIMH shows that nearly five percent of children in the US have major depression. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） N
29、G 9 As the treatment of depression depends on a lot of factors, its improvement _. 10 It is tested ineffective that if a person with depression frequently visits doctor but without _ in symptoms. 11 Children and adolescents might have the same _ such as aggression, frustration and complaint. Section
30、 A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During
31、the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He cant explain some concepts of engineering. （ B） He regularly gives talks to high school students. （ C） He doesnt want the woman to postpone the talk. （ D） He hasnt finished preparing for his
32、presentation. （ A） To be an architect. （ B） To go into the business. （ C） To be more interesting. （ D） To become an artist. （ A） Photocopy the book at Sands store. （ B） Go back to the school bookstore and look near the side. （ C） Go to the bookstore near the school. （ D） Go to the bookstore near the
33、 Sams. （ A） She rarely makes mistakes. （ B） Her boss is hard to work with. （ C） She always tells others what she thinks. （ D） She regretted having replaced the secretary. （ A） He is always late on Friday. （ B） He is most forgetful on Friday. （ C） He is always behind on his work on Friday. （ D） He pr
34、efers Friday mornings to; Monday mornings. （ A） Mary forgot about the seminar. （ B） Mary has been ill for several weeks. （ C） Mary wasnt able to attend the seminar. （ D） Mary hadnt planned to attend the seminar. （ A） Dave will never listen. （ B） She doesnt know Dave. （ C） She thinks Dave is insane.
35、（ D） She thinks Dave will listen one day. （ A） She may not be able to help the man. （ B） She will talk to Judy about the problem. （ C） She isnt sure if Judy can solve the problem. （ D） The man should solve the problem by himself. （ A） A project about an actress. （ B） A project about a movie director
36、. （ C） A project about a movie. （ D） A project about Europe. （ A） Going to the cinema. （ B） Buying some DVDs. （ C） Doing an internet search. （ D） Reading a magazine. （ A） Her mother. （ B） An actress. （ C） Her roommate. （ D） Her classmate. （ A） Hes window shopping. （ B） Shoes. （ C） A plan. （ D） Hes b
37、uying everything. （ A） Yes, shes always been good with money. （ B） No, she has never been good with money. （ C） She used to be a bad saver, like Jack. （ D） She doesnt save money. （ A） Earn more money. （ B） Open another bank account for saving. （ C） Open another bank account for spending. （ D） Find a
38、 better job. （ A） 50%. （ B） 20%. （ C） 30%. （ D） All of it. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best
39、 answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Rich enough and old enough. （ B） Strong and under the age of 70. （ C） Healthy and over the age of 17. （ D） Having been trained and passed the driving test. （ A） More traffic jams. （ B） More car accidents. （ C） More damaged roads. （ D） More dru
40、nk drivers. （ A） The roads are too crowded to drive. （ B） Its difficult to catch a bus or a train. （ C） They are too young or too old to drive. （ D） Train and bus services are becoming poorer. （ A） Resident advice. （ B） Summer vacation. （ C） The housing office. （ D） Check out procedures. （ A） Call t
41、he housing office. （ B） Repair holes in room walls. （ C） Remove personal property. （ D） Register for summer school. （ A） Students summer addresses. （ B） Any damage to their rooms. （ C） When they plan to come back. （ D） Comments on the housing office. （ A） Because women do much work than men. （ B） Be
42、cause people think women weaker than men. （ C） Because sport is easier for men than for women. （ D） Because in sport the two sexes are always separate. （ A） They want to please women. （ B） They want to tell the truth. （ C） They think women are as good as men. （ D） They think women are as strong as m
43、en. （ A） The European women who live until the age of seventy-four. （ B） Some of the teenage girls. （ C） The women swimmers who are given hormone injections. （ D） The woman athlete who swam 400 meters within 4 minutes and 59.1 seconds. （ A） At Olympics, sport has been ruined. （ B） At Olympics, docto
44、rs must be taken in the sports with the athlete. （ C） At Olympics, some athletes are not honest. （ D） At Olympics, female sex is very complicated. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for
45、its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exac
46、t words you have just heard or write down the 37 Some people believe that you have to be a special kind of person to sell a product. But although it is clear that a successful salesman does need special talents, and a【 B1】personality, many of the skills he uses are used by us all: we build and【 B2】r
47、elationships with different kinds of people, and we listen to and take【 B3】 of what they tell us and dont just enjoy the sound of our own【 B4】 A firm may depend on their own sales team and/or on the salesmanship of their distributors, wholesalers or【 B5】 . But any company needs to establish a person
48、al relationship with its major clients (key accounts) and potential customers (【 B6】 ). It is often said that people do business with people. A firm doesnt just【 B7】 impersonally with another firm, but a person in the buying department receives personal visits from people【 B8】 the firms suppliers on
49、 a regular basis or in the case of department stores or chain stores, a team of buyers may travel around visiting suppliers. Keeping sales people “on the road“ is much more expensive than employing them to work in the office and much of their time is spent unproductively traveling.【 B9】 .【 B10】 . Servicing overseas customers may consequently often be done by phone, telex or letter and personal visits may be infrequent.【 B11】 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8
