1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 728及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1我生活中最难忘的人是 2为什么他 /她令我难以忘怀 3结论 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions
2、 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Do Clean Smell Encourage Clean Behavior Years ago, social scie
3、ntists introduced the broken-windows theory of crime control, which assumed that if a neighborhood looked orderly and cared for with no broken windows potential wrongdoers would be dissuaded from committing crimes there. Now psychologists have proposed a similar theory, which suggests that people ca
4、n be induced to behave morally when their environment smells as clean as it looks. Its the Macbeth principle of morality, says Katie Liljenquist, professor of organizational leadership at Brigham Young Universitys Marriott School of Management and lead author of the new study, to be published in Psy
5、chological Science. “There is a strong link between moral and physical purity that people associate at a core level. People feel contaminated (受污染的 ) by immoral choices and try to wash away their sins,“ says Liljenquist. “To some degree, washing actually is effective in relieving guilt. What we wond
6、ered was whether you could regulate ethical behavior through cleanliness. We found that we could. “ In two separate experiments, researchers were able to influence participants behavior by exposing them to “cleanliness“ in the form of a common cleaning agents smell in this case, orange-scented Winde
7、x (清新剂 ). It turned out that people who sat in a room sprayed with Windex were more likely to act fairly and charitably than those in unscented air. The first experiment involved an anonymous game of trust. The 28 study participants were told they would be “receivers,“ with whom a group of anonymous
8、 “senders“ had been instructed to invest money. Participants were told that each sender had been given $ 4 and told that any part of it invested with receivers would be tripled. The job of the receiver, then, was to decide what portion of the dividends to return to the sender. In reality, there was
9、no sender, and each study participant received $12, making it seem as though the senders had entrusted them with the full $ 4 they had been given. But would the receivers return that trust or exploit their unidentified investors? On average, those in the plain-smelling room returned $2.5 to the send
10、er, pocketing the lions share of the money. But those bathed in the scent of Windex sent back an average of $ 5.5, returning the senders blind faith. The scientists insist they didnt overdo it with the Windex, just a few spritzes(喷 ) so we can get. rid of brain-cell death or poisoning-induced genero
11、sity as reasons why those receivers gave back so much of the stolen property. Rather, Liljenquist says, “a moral awareness was awakened in a clean-smelling environment. “ In the second experiment, researchers aimed to manipulate peoples tendency toward charity. Ninety-nine participants were assigned
12、 to either a Windex-scented room or a neutral-smelling room and given a packet of tasks to complete. Included in the packet was a flyer requesting volunteers and donations to the charity Habitat for Humanity. As expected, people in the Windex-sprayed room were more inclined to volunteer and give mon
13、ey than those in the unscented room 22% of those in the clean group said they wanted to donate money, compared with 6% of the controls. According to co-author Adam Galinsky, a social psychologist at Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of Management, society relies on incentives(刺激，动机 ), in the f
14、orm of rewards and punishments, to encourage people to adjust to certain standards of behavior. “Economists and even psychologists havent been paying much attention to the fact that small changes in our environment can have dramatic effects on behavior. We underemphasize these subtle environmental c
15、ues,“ he says. Liljenquist says the real-life implications of the study could be as simple as an office investing more in janitorial supplies (清洁用品 ) than in expensive investigation equipment to keep workers in line. Other researchers suggest, however, that perhaps it wasnt the clean smell that made
16、 people more virtuous in the new study, but rather the smell of orange; that is, people may have behaved better because they smelled something they liked, rather than something “clean.“ “It could be simply that a positive smell creates a positive mood, which encourages positive behavior. You cannot
17、conclude it is cleanliness of itself,“ says Brown University psychologist Rachel Herz, author of The Scent of Desire. To rule out the contradictory factor of good smells, she says, the studys authors could have added a third room to the experiment scented with recently baked chocolate chip cookies,
18、for example. Nevertheless, both morality researchers and olfactory(嗅觉的 ) scientists agree that people do strongly associate physical cleanliness with purity of conscience. It is the notion at the heart of proverbs like “cleanliness is next to godliness“ and evidenced by the widespread use of cleansi
19、ng ceremonies to wash away sins in various religions around the world. (Truth be told, that practice is merely a reckoning of an evolutionary strategy to avoid disease.) For their part, Liljenquist and Galinsky say they controlled for the good-mood effect by giving participants in the second experim
20、ent a mood-screening questionnaire. They also say their results are consistent with existing written material on cleanliness and morality. For instance, in one of Liljenquists earlier studies, she found, among other things, that cleaning hands after writing about a moral violation made people feel l
21、ess guilty about it. Other researchers have also tackled the issue of morality and smell, but from the opposite end of the scope. A paper published last year in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin revealed that people are more critical and judgmental about certain moral issues when expose
22、d to the vapors of a smelly-scented spray. Yes, a smelly-scented spray is a commercially available product. By the way, according to a psychologist who has worked with it in experiments, it is nearly impossible to get rid of it. Orange-scented Windex certainly makes for a nicer lab environment, whic
23、h perhaps has something to do with Liljenquists continued interest in this line of study. “Research on how to stay on the moral high ground and promote virtue,“ she says, “is something I find refreshing. “ 2 The broken-windows theory of crime control assumed that if a neighborhood is well managed, _
24、. （ A） potential wrongdoers would be dissuaded from breaking windows. （ B） psychologist would suggest people behave morally. （ C） it is less likely that people would commit crime there. （ D） it would smei1 as clean as it looks. 3 According to the Macbeth principle of morality, washing is a way to _.
25、 （ A） show strong link between moral and physical purity. （ B） get rid of things which are contaminated. （ C） relieve guilt （ D） regulate ethical behavior 4 How much did the people in the plain-smelling room pocket during the experiment? （ A） $4. （ B） $9.5. （ C） $2.5. （ D） $5.5. 5 Why did the scient
26、ists scent the room with only a few sprays of Windex in the experiment? （ A） Because they wanted to rule out of other explanations for peoples behavior. （ B） Because they didnt want the subjects to notice the smell. （ C） Because Windex are poisonous. （ D） Because they would like to keep the room cle
27、an. 6 What did Adam Galinsky believe? （ A） People should get reward to be encouraged to behave well （ B） Our behavior would be greatly influenced by changes in our environment. （ C） Economists and psychologists hadnt been paying much attention to the smell changes. （ D） People often neglected enviro
28、nment changes. 7 According to Liljenquist, what is the implication of the study? （ A） People should buy more janitorial supplies. （ B） People should not invest in expensive investigation. （ C） People should use more Windex. （ D） People should make the environment much cleaner. 8 Whats the flaw of th
29、e experiment according to Rachel Herz? （ A） It should have added a third room with orange smell. （ B） It should have used chocolate cookies smell instead of Windex spray. （ C） It didnt exclude the factor of good smell from clean smell. （ D） It didnt provide the subjects with chocolate cookies. 9 Acc
30、ording to scientists, many people believe that physical cleanliness is trongly linked to _. 10 One of Liljenquists study showed that if people clean hands after writing about a moral violation, they would feel _. 11 A paper published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin revealed that wh
31、en people are exposed to smelly scent, they will be more _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be s
32、poken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） In Jersey. （ B） In Arizona. （ C） In Mexico. （ D） In Philadelphia. （ A） The train is crowed. （ B） The train is on time. （ C） The
33、 train is empty. （ D） The train is late. （ A） Because youll have no knowledge of the background. （ B） Because youll know something about whats going to hear next. （ C） Because youll have to pay so much attention to words. （ D） Because youll have to read a lot of reading materials. （ A） Bill just lea
34、rned to play the piano. （ B） Bill is proud of himself. （ C） Bill actually cant play the piano. （ D） Bill plays the piano very well. （ A） The man sits in the park in spring at weekend. （ B） The man does some odd jobs in winter at weekend. （ C） The man goes for long walks in autumn at weekend. （ D） Th
35、e man likes to paint his house in summer at weekend. （ A） She is all right now. （ B） She is in hospital. （ C） She feels unhappy. （ D） She is under operation now. （ A） Go to take some fast food with the man. （ B） Eat after her class. （ C） Join some friends for a quick meal. （ D） Go to her class. （ A）
36、 At a bus stop. （ B） At the gate of theater. （ C） At a phone booth. （ D） At the airport. （ A） in the middle of the semester （ B） at the beginning of exams （ C） at the end of the school year （ D） in the middle of summer vacation （ A） a rock and mineral show （ B） an opera at the concert hall （ C） a mo
37、vie at the student center （ D） a popular music concert （ A） because she gets a student discount （ B） because Bob doesnt have very much money （ C） because she lost a bet and owes Bob money （ D） because Bob left his wallet at home （ A） Next Thursday. （ B） Next Tuesday. （ C） This weekend. （ D） Tomorrow
38、 night. （ A） Thursday. （ B） Friday. （ C） Saturday. （ D） Sunday. （ A） He is going to write a paper. （ B） He is going to a football game. （ C） He is going to sleep all morning. （ D） He is going downtown with some guys. （ A） Brother and sister. （ B） Mother and son. （ C） Teacher and student. （ D） Classm
39、ates. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （
40、 A） By making comfortable clothes. （ B） By predicting new fashion. （ C） By constantly changing the fashions. （ D） By improving the quality of the clothes. （ A） Cleverness to save money. （ B） A waste of time. （ C） Eyes for beauty. （ D） A waste of energy. （ A） The beauty of clothing. （ B） The comfort
41、of clothing. （ C） The suitability of clothing. （ D） The cost of clothing. （ A） The mother does not enjoy the performance of her son. （ B） The mother does not like to communicate with her son. （ C） The mother does not like her son. （ D） The mother is short of emotions towards her son. （ A） His father
42、 knows how to show respect for his son. （ B） His father knows little about how to educate his son. （ C） His father is the best father in the world. （ D） His father shows little emotion to his son. （ A） To cause the depression. （ B） To create fulfilled, creative adults. （ C） To create intelligent exa
43、m-takers. （ D） To love conditionally on performance. （ A） The Russian name for the spacecraft means “traveler“. （ B） It was launched toward the end of the 1950s. （ C） It was resulted from Soviet and American scientists. （ D） The spacecraft was a small aluminum ball fitted with a radio. （ A） How to m
44、ake a powerful rocket engine. （ B） How to ensure the safety of the crew. （ C） How to choose qualified crewmen for the trip. （ D） How to enable the spacecraft break free of gravity. （ A） They built a much lighter rocket. （ B） They built a much faster rocket. （ C） They loaded the rocket with enough fu
45、el. （ D） They built a multistage rocket. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks num
46、bered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 35 The word “sport“ first meant something that people did in
47、 their free time. Later it often meant 【 B1】 _ wild animals and birds. About a hundred years ago the word was first used for【 B2】 _ games. This is the【 B3】 _ meaning of the word today. People spend a lot of their【 B4】 _ time playing football, basketball, tennis and many other sports. Such people pla
48、y because they want to. A few people are【 B5】 _ for the sport they play. These people are called professional sportsmen. They may be sportsmen for only a few years, but during that time the best【 B6】 _ can earn a lot of money. For example, a professional【 B7】 _ in England earns more than 3,000 pound
49、s a year. The stars can earn a lot more. International golf and tennis【 B8】 _ can make more than 50,000 pounds in a year.【 B9】 _. It is only possible in sports for individuals, like golf, tennis and motor-racing. Perhaps the most surprising thing about sportsmen and money is this,【 B10】 _. An advertisement for sports equipment does not simply say “Buy our things“. It says “Buy the same shirt and shoes as.“. Famous sportsmen can even advertise thi
