1、清华大学考博英语模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 She is a woman of_who has never abandoned her principles for the sake of her own benefits. （ A） dignity （ B） scarcity （ C） integrity （ D） stability 2 Many important mistakes have been escaping_,and a lot of money has been lost as a result. （ A） det
2、ection （ B） scarcity （ C） integrity （ D） stability 3 I say that not to persuade you,but merely to_my conscience. （ A） revolve （ B） relieve （ C） retrieve （ D） revive 4 When he left high school,he_to go to college and study for a degree,rather than get a job straight away. （ A） opted （ B） forwent （ C）
3、 indulged （ D） excelled 5 Arithmetic is one fundamental science,_all other physical sciences. （ A） undermining （ B） undertaking （ C） underscoring （ D） underlying 6 In the professions where women_numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions. （ A） tolerate （ B） integrate
4、 （ C） predominate （ D） accumulate 7 Last year our school football team won four_games. （ A） obsessive （ B） concessive （ C） successive （ D） excessive 8 I cant possibly mark your homework;your handwriting is_. （ A） illogical （ B） illiterate （ C） illusive （ D） illegible 9 Another big issue_the nation i
5、s the problem of the education of its citizens. （ A） confining （ B） illiterating （ C） conforming （ D） confronting 10 The relation of the earth on its axis is responsible for the_of periods of light and darkness. （ A） alteration （ B） alternation （ C） alternative （ D） altercation 11 As the artist was_
6、to pollen,he seldom went into the country to sketch the natural beauty in spring. （ A） destructive （ B） allergic （ C） fragile （ D） unchallenged 12 The virus attacks the plant,the flower does not open, and_no seeds are produced. （ A） consequently （ B） subsequently （ C） simultaneously （ D） spontaneous
7、ly 13 The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of_, ranging from colds to back pains. （ A） compliments （ B） ailments （ C） implements （ D） commitments 14 Mass production is_only in an economy with a highly developed technology. （ A） vulnerable （ B） invaluable （ C） feasible （ D） compatible 15 His p
8、ast affection for Jane_any new relationship impossible for him. （ A） resented （ B） rendered （ C） repelled （ D） resorted 16 With a candle in hand, he carefully_the narrow stairs to his bedroom. （ A） asserted （ B） ascertained （ C） assembled （ D） ascended 17 Some plants are_to disease and must be taken
9、 good care of for the whole growing period. （ A） fantastic （ B） subordinate （ C） susceptible （ D） imperative 18 The best films are those which_national or cultural barriers. （ A） transcend （ B） transit （ C） transcribe （ D） transact 19 Such occupations were so_as to be unworthy of his full attention.
10、 （ A） triggering （ B） tripling （ C） trifling （ D） trembling 20 Despite his unsuccessful career,he was_to think that he at least had a warm family to turn to. （ A） conferred （ B） consoled （ C） confessed （ D） convinced 21 For years the girl had harbored her_against her stepmother. Today,she finally go
11、t the courage to speak it out. （ A） resentment （ B） rivalry （ C） compulsion （ D） concession 22 The doctor was in a_as to whether to tell the patient the truth or a lie. （ A） prudence （ B） dilemma （ C） secrecy （ D） psychology 23 _from power, he had to go back to his hometown and toil in his little fa
12、rm. （ A） Relinquished （ B） Tumbled （ C） Displaced （ D） Retrieved 24 Watching news program at night has become an_part of the lives of most people in big cities. （ A） automotive （ B） instructive （ C） unconventional （ D） integral 25 He finally agreed to sign the agreement with us, but with some_. （ A）
13、 recurrence （ B） rejection （ C） reluctance （ D） refutation 26 “We didnt want to displease our most_supporters,therefore,we have provided them with the opportunity of getting extra tickets to any game this year, “said the manager of the football club. （ A） acute （ B） ardent （ C） sheer （ D） fantastic
14、27 Soil_is a natural process. It becomes a problem when human activity causes it to occur much faster than under natural conditions. （ A） preservation （ B） abrasion （ C） erosion （ D） eruption 28 Poverty and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take this_hap
15、piness away. （ A） adversary （ B） vulgar （ C） fragile （ D） superfluous 29 Though this book was written more than 50 years ago, it has a relatively contemporary appearand its_plotting will amuse mystery lovers. （ A） intricate （ B） disparate （ C） compassionate （ D） passionate 30 “The project goal is fo
16、r students to build complex and interesting sentences,and_.whole paragraphs. “The teacher explains. （ A） foremost （ B） ultimately （ C） readily （ D） intimately 31 Hypertension places stress on a number of organs(called target organs),including the kidney,eyes, and heart,causing them to_over time. （ A
17、） deteriorate （ B） distress （ C） underscore （ D） dilute 32 To take revenge of the defeat last year,each player was making his_to win the match. Even their fans were cheering for them. （ A） setback （ B） endeavor （ C） remnant （ D） distinction 33 Like most other American companies with a rigid_ .worker
18、s and managers have strictly defined duties. （ A） vitality （ B） jurisdiction （ C） hierarchy （ D） bureaucracy 34 To maintain a leading position in the market, companies have to develop products which are cheaper, more_and more reliable than those of their competitors. （ A） innovative （ B） commensurat
19、e （ C） enlightening （ D） legitimate 35 Working in the customs, I feel both exciting and challenging,for I have to face the difficulties of dealing with_groups of people. （ A） delicate （ B） deliberate （ C） discrete （ D） disparate 36 Competitors from more than a hundred countries have_in Los Angeles f
20、or the Olympic Games. （ A） denounced （ B） converged （ C） detached （ D） sprawled 37 The environmental movement is_to the widespread feelings of support for natures in heritage in recent decades. （ A） testimony （ B） deliberate （ C） compensation （ D） compassion 38 In the_chapters,the professor has trac
21、ed the redefinition of Britains global position in recent decades. （ A） obsolete （ B） abiding （ C） preceding （ D） wielding 39 It is our firm_that a step forward has been taken and will bring the country back to economic prosperity. （ A） conviction （ B） empowerment （ C） imperative （ D） proposition 40
22、 Due to sluggish market conditions,the factorys workforce has_from over 4,000 to a few hundred. （ A） proclaimed （ B） dwindled （ C） repressed （ D） indulged 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets,and thousa
23、nds of sparkling stars. You can see even more with a telescope. You might see stars where before you only saw dark space. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more an
24、d more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more details. But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We wont see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year. Thats because theyre invisible. Theyre the m
25、ysterious dead stars called black holes. You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all,our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky burning brightly,giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesnt seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after bill
26、ions of years. As a stars gases burn,they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out,the star stops burning and begins to die. As the star cools,the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star end
27、s up as a cold, dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big.it keeps squashing inward until its packed together tighter than anything in the universe. Imagine if the each were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. Thats how tightly this dead star, a black hole is packed. What
28、pulls the star in toward its center with such power? Its the same force that pulls you down when you jump the force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything even light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes. Thats why you see nothing
29、 but blackness. So the next time you stare up at the night sky,remember: theres more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes the great mystery of space. 41 According to the article,what causes a star to die? （ A） As its gases run out.it cools down. （ B） It co
30、llides with other stars. （ C） It can only live for about a million years. （ D） As it gets honer and hotter, it explodes. 42 Which of the following statements is NOT a fact? （ A） Black holes are dead stars. （ B） Black holes have gravity. （ C） Black holes are invisible. （ D） There is nothing as myster
31、ious as a black hole. 43 What happens AFTER a star dies? （ A） It becomes invisible. （ B） It falls to Earth. （ C） It burns up all of its gases. （ D） It becomes brighter and easier to see. 44 Why cant you see light when you look at a black hole? （ A） Because most black holes are so far away. （ B） Beca
32、use the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward. （ C） Because as the stars gases burn.it stops giving off heat and light. （ D） Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward its center. 45 What is the main idea of the article? （ A） The future of our Sun billions
33、 of years from now. （ B） The difference between our Sun and a dead star. （ C） The mystery of black holes in the universe. （ D） The sparkling and dying stars in the sky. 45 By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much g
34、reater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along,doing a bit of this subject or that,as the mood takes them,or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment. Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did con
35、struct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly,since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be. There are many who stay away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable,and dislike being tied down to a defin
36、ite program of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motiva
37、tion to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine,and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects or their work. The “tough-minded“school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can
38、 only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration. Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of “freedom“. Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhap-piness rather than to“self-
39、expression“or“personality development“. Our society insists on regular habits, time keeping and punctuality and whether we like it or not,if we mean to make our way in society we have to comply with its demands. 46 The most widespread problem on applying oneself to study is that of_. （ A） the failur
40、e to keep a routine of methodical and intensive work （ B） changing from one subject to another （ C） unwillingness to follow a systematic plan （ D） applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined 47 According to the passage,there are many students who_. （ A） do not like being commanded to
41、study according to a weekly timetable （ B） are too timid to accustom themselves to a weekly timetable （ C） refuse to exert themselves the whole week as if under military discipline （ D） shrink from the self-discipline required for working to a weekly plan 48 Those workers with strict views on work_.
42、 （ A） are very critical of the belief that good work can be a natural product of instinct （ B） reject the idea that good work is second nature to man （ C） do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless of inspiration （ D） despise the idea that work can be done
43、 well only when free from external pressure and prompted by internal stimulus 49 In Paragraph 4“as the fit takes thenrfmeans_. （ A） when they have the energy （ B） when they are in the mood （ C） when they find conditions suitable （ D） when they feel fit 50 A suitable title for this passage might be_.
44、 （ A） Attitudes to Study （ B） Study Plans （ C） Study and Self-discipline （ D） The Difficulties of Studying 50 Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK$ 3,000,000s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. As a result of this “
45、shrinkage“as the shops call it,the honest public has to pay higher prices. Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories:the professionals,the deliberate amateurs,and the people who just cant help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives,who,assis
46、ted by closed circuit television and various other technological devices,can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And,in any case,they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-
47、lifting. The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later,and they are dealt with severely by the coups. The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-a
48、biding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect,this kind of ship-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who,because of age sickness or plain absent-minde
49、dness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. In order to prevent the growth on ship-lifting offences,some stores,in fact are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconve
