[考研类试卷]2007年北京外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析.doc
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1、2007年北京外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析 一、简答题 1 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said “哎,几点了 ?“, and the second said “不好意思,打搅一下,请问您戴表了吗 ?“. What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them?(25 point
2、s) 2 Explain this statement and give at least two examples of it: “In studying other cultures, we do so from the perspective of our own culture.“(25 points) 3 Give an account of what you know about the English present perfect tense.(20 points) 4 If you are to teach a group of junior middle school st
3、udents the present perfect tense in 45 minutes, how are you going to plan your class?(20 points) 5 A teacher drilled his/her students in the structure called indirect questions: Do you know where my book is? Do you know what time it is? Did he tell you what time it is? As a direct result of the dril
4、ls, all the students were able to produce the structure correctly in class. After class, a student came up to the teacher and asked, “Do you know where is Mrs. Smith?“ which shows that only minutes after the class the student used the structure incorrectly in spontaneous speech. What do you think is
5、 the reason for this misuse? Was the lesson a waste of time? Why or why not?(30 points) 6 (1)What do you think are the differences between a good language learner and a poor language learner?(15 points) (2)If we know what strategies good language learners use, does it follow that teaching so-called
6、poor language learners to use those strategies will result in their successful language learning? Why or why not?(15 points) 2007年北京外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案与解析 一、简答题 1 【正确答案】 In the two ways of asking for time, I would assume that the speech made by the first people is a direct speech act while the othe
7、r ones speech is an indirect one. The first people directly asks for time in a casual way, while the other one indirectly inquires time by using the question “请问您戴表了吗 ?“ denoting the implicature that what he wants to know is not whether I wear a watch but time. Therefore, the first person seems a li
8、ttle impolite or even rude by using the word “ 哎 “ to attract my attention. On the contrary, the second one uses an appropriate pragmatic strategy and presents his strong communicative competence. He uses “不好意思,打搅一下 “ to attract my attention and establish a friendly atmosphere and implies that he wa
9、nts to know the time with a question “请问您戴表了吗 ?“. Perhaps the crucial distinction in the use of these two types of speech acts is based on the fact that indirect commands or requests are simply considered more gentle or more polite in our society than direct commands. And why they are considered mor
10、e polite is based on some complex social assumptions. 【试题解析】 本题考查直接言语和间接言语的用法,一般情况下,间接言语行为较直接言语行为更为平和、礼貌。答案参照语言研究 (第二版 )第 132-134页,同时,考生也应掌握语用学中的礼貌原则。 2 【正确答案】 There exists a close relationship between language and culture. More evidence can be gathered to indicate that a study of linguistic issues
11、in a cultural setting can greatly promote our understanding of motivation and directionality in language change. Based on Whorfs experience and his study of Hopi(an American Indian language), a very influential but also extremely controversial theory that has ever been made in the study of the relat
12、ionship between language and culture is widely known as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. What this hypothesis suggests is like this: our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different language may probably express our unique ways of understanding the world. Following this argument,
13、 two important points could be captured in this theory. On the one hand, language may determine our thinking patterns; on the other, similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. Therefore, th
14、e hypothesis has alternatively been referred to as linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. The notion that language determines thought may be partially correct, in some extremely limited way, but it fails to take into account the fact that users of a language do not inherit a fixed set of
15、patterns to use. They inherit the ability to manipulate and create with a language, in order to express their perceptions. Therefore, we can say that in studying other cultures, we do so to some extent from the perspective of our own culture. For example, “cousin“ in English culture includes “xiongd
16、i“ or “biaoxiongdi“(aunts or uncles male child), “biaojiemei“ or “jiemei“(aunts or uncles female child)in Chinese culture. Therefore, Chinese students may tend to understand this kind of relationship from the Chinese perspective and misuse it. For another example, the words referring to “wife“ are l
17、imited in English but rich in Chinese. There are “furen“, “qizi“, “laopo“, “neiren“ etc. for “wife“. Those studying Chinese culture may understand it from the perspective of their culture. In their culture, it is hard to find the counterpart of “neiren“. So it is difficult for them to understand “ne
18、iren“ which are closely related to Chinese culture. But they can easily understand “qizi“ and “laopo“ which are the direct counterparts of “wife“ in Chinese culture. 【试题解析】 本题着重考查语言与文化的关系问题,答案可从语言学教程 (修订版 )第 223-235页上总结。考生同时也应了解语言与社会、心智等关系问题。 3 【正确答案】 The present perfect tense is a perfect tense use
19、d to express action that has been completed with respect to the present.(The word perfect in its name refers to the idea of completion of being now finished rather than to perfection in the sense of “no flaws“.)“I have finished“ is an example of the present perfect. The present perfect is a compound
20、 tense in English(and in many other languages), meaning that it is formed by combining an auxiliary verb with the main verb. For example, in modern English, it is formed by combining a present-tense form of the auxiliary verb “to have“ with the past participle of the main verb. In the above-mentione
21、d example, “have“ is the auxiliary verb, whereas the past participle “finished“ is the main verb. In English, the present perfect has perfect aspect, which means that it is used to refer to a subjects past actions or states while keeping the subject in a present state of reference or in a present st
22、ate of mind. Therefore, in English, the following logic helps to understand the tense: Think of the words in the construction separately: “have“(or “has“)is in the present, and the past participle is in the past. For example, “I have gone to the cinema“ implies that the subject has completed a certa
23、in action(this is what “gone to the cinema“ relates), but that the subject is, in a sense, “holding“ or “possessing“ that completed action in the present time(this is what “I have“ relates to). In other words, the subject is in a current state(now), and a past action that the subject has done or a p
24、ast state that the subject has been in, is being referred to from the current state of the subject, which is the present time. This differs from the simple past tense, i.e., “I went to the cinema“, which implies only that an action happened, with the subject having no relationship at all to the pres
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