1、考研英语模拟试卷 110及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The 1990s have been designated the Decade Against Drug Abuse by the United Nations. But, (1)_ less than three years to go before th
2、e end of the decade, governments and health organizations (2)_ that they have made (3)_ progress in reducing drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Today, consumption of all these substances is increasingly steadily worldwide. (4)_ every country now has problems with (5)_ drugs. And the world is producing
3、 and consuming more alcohol and tobacco than ever. Between 1970 and 1990 beer production (6)_ rose by over 80 per cent. And, (7)_ the number of smokers keeps on (8)_,by the second or third (9)_ of the next century there could be 10 million deaths each year (10)_ smoking related illnesses. Drugs are
4、also a huge burden (11)_ the world economy. In the United States, for example, its estimated that alcohol and illegal drug use costs the country tens of billions of dollars each year, mainly (12)_ health care. When the cost of tobacco related illnesses is added, (13)_ total more than doubles. Drugs
5、are also closely (14)_ crime. Many police forces no longer (15)_ between illegal and legal drugs when fighting crime. In Australia, for example, experts (16)_ that police in some parts of the country spend between 70 and 80 percent of their time dealing with alcohol-related incidents. One explanatio
6、n for the increase in drug (17)_ is simply that people have more money to spend. Tobacco and alcohol companies are now (18)_ much more on developing countries to take (19)_ of greater wealth there. And criminals involved in the illegal drug trade are following (20)_, introducing drugs into countries
7、 where they were previously hardly use. （ A） when （ B） with （ C） as （ D） if （ A） permit （ B） admit （ C） promise （ D） accept （ A） more （ B） less （ C） little （ D） great （ A） Generally （ B） Probably （ C） Virtually （ D） Usually （ A） illegible （ B） illiberal （ C） illegal （ D） illimitable （ A） alone （ B）
8、only （ C） lonely （ D） just （ A） while （ B） that （ C） with （ D） if （ A） raising （ B） arising （ C） rousing （ D） rising （ A） decade （ B） year （ C） section （ D） period （ A） by （ B） about （ C） with （ D） from （ A） on （ B） in （ C） among （ D） within （ A） in （ B） on （ C） about （ D） for （ A） its （ B） that （ C
9、） which （ D） then （ A） related with （ B） related upon （ C） related to （ D） related onto （ A） aware （ B） separate （ C） investigate （ D） distinguish （ A） declare （ B） estimate （ C） report （ D） predict （ A） use （ B） expense （ C） production （ D） spread （ A） spreading （ B） concentrating （ C） earning （ D）
10、 putting （ A） care （ B） much （ C） advantage （ D） profit （ A） example （ B） forward （ C） suit （ D） after Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopul
11、ation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In each experiment, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosur
12、es without experiencing stress due to over crowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowdi
13、ng causes a break down in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding. The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high p
14、opulation density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers care, the pups died. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not-behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological. The dominant males in the r
15、at population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their a
16、ntisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant behaviour showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding. Nondominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited devia
17、nt social behavior. Some withdrew completely, avoiding contact with other rats. Other nondominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other. The behaviour of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior simila
18、r to that of the rats in Calhouns experiments. In large urban areas, such as New York City, London, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of thes
19、e disorders overpopulation? Calhouns experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments. 21 Calhoun stabilized the rat population _. （ A） when it was double the number that could live in the enclosu
20、re without stress （ B） by removing young rats （ C） so that there was a constant number of adult rats in the enclosure （ D） All of the above are correct 22 Which of the following inferences CANNOT be made from the information in paragraph one? （ A） Calhouns experiment is still considered important to
21、day. （ B） Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations. （ C） Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding. （ D） Calhoun had experimented with rats before. 23 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Dominant males had adequate livi
22、ng space. （ B） Dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the other rats. （ C） Dominant males attacked weaker rats. （ D） The strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditions. 24 The author implies that the behavior of the dominant male rats is sometimes parallel with
23、that of _. （ A） cruel, powerful people （ B） people who abandon their children （ C） hyperactive people （ D） people who would like to keep to themselves 25 The main idea of this passage is that _. （ A） although rats are affected by overcrowding, people are not （ B） data from experiments indicate that
24、overcrowding may be an important cause of social pathology （ C） the social behavior of rats is seriously affected by overcrowding （ D） Calhouns experiments have influenced many people 26 Today the study of language in our schools is somewhat confused. It is the most traditional of scholastic subject
25、s being taught in a time when many of our traditions no longer fit our needs. You to whom these pages are addressed speak English and are therefore in a worse case than any other literate people. People pondering the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it deve
26、loped gradually as a system of conventionalised grunts, hisses, and cries and must have been a very simple affair in the beginning. But when we observe the language behavior of what we regard as primitive cultures, we find it strikingly elaborate and complicated. Stefansson, the explorer, said that
27、“In order to get along reasonably well an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. Moreover these Eskimo words are far more highly inflected than those of any of the well-kno
28、wn European languages, for a single noun can be spoken or written in several hundred different forms, each having a precise meaning different from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more numerous. The Eskimo language is, therefore, one of the most difficult in the world to learn, wit
29、h the result that almost no traders or explorers have even tried to learn it. Consequently there has grown up, an intercourse between Eskimos and whites, a jargon similar to the pidgin English used in China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words, most of them derived from Eskimo but
30、 some derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon which is usually referred to by travelers as the Eskimo language. And Professor Thalbitzer of Copenhagen, who did take the trouble to learn Eskimo, seems to endorse the explorers view when he writes: “The la
31、nguage is polysynthetic. The grammar is extremely rich in flexional forms, the conjugation of a common verb ending. For the declension of a noun there are 150 suffixes (for dual and plural, local cases, and possessive flexion). The derivative endings effective in the vocabulary and the construction
32、of sentences or sentence-like words a mount to at least 250. Not withstanding all these constructive peculiarities, the grammatical and synthetic system is remarkably concise and, in its own way, logical.“ 26 The size of the Eskimo language spoken by most whites is _. （ A） spoken in English, Denmark
33、, Spain, and Hawaii （ B） less than the size of the language spoken by Eskimos （ C） inestimable （ D） irrelevant 27 Some of the evidence about language in the passage is taken from the observations of _. （ A） linguists （ B） Eskimos （ C） businessmen （ D） an explorer 28 According to the passage, the lan
34、guage of primitive cultures was _. （ A） nonexistent （ B） only spoken by Eskimo （ C） simple-minded （ D） elaborate and complicated 29 The authors overall point is that _. （ A） primitive language may be large, complex, and complicated （ B） primitive language may be large, complex, and logical （ C） prim
35、itive language may be large, old, and logical （ D） primitive language may be similar to pidgin English 30 In the passage, the author mentioned:“ Eskimo words are highly inflected“, this probably means （ A） Eskimo words are full of forms （ B） Eskimo words are difficult to spell （ C） Eskimo words are
36、numerous （ D） Eskimo words are hard to understand 31 Fire can be thought of as any combustion process intense enough to emit light. It may be a quietly burning flame or the brilliant flash of an explosion. A typical combustion process is the burning of gasoline in an automobile engine. The vaporized
37、 fuel is mixed with air, compressed in the engines cylinder, and ignited by a spark. As the fuel flame up, the heat produced flows into the adjacent layer of unburned fuel and ignites it. In this way a zone of fire spreads throughout the fuel mixture is called a combustion wave. The speed at which s
38、uch a combustion wave travels through a fuel mixture is called the burning velocity of the mixture. The burning velocity of a gas such as methane quietly burning in air is only about one foot per second. By comparison, the burning velocity of more reactive combinations such as the rocket Fuels, hydr
39、ogen and fluorine, can be hundreds of feet per second. If the fuel flows at the same speed as the combustion wave, the result is a stationary flame, like the one in your kitchen gas burner. In the kitchen burner a jet of gas mixed with airflows from the opening in the head of the burner. If the velo
40、city of the fuel mixture flowing from the opening is greater than its burning velocity, the flame blows out. In jet engines speeding through the air at 500 to 600 miles per hour, the engines flame is sometimes blown out by the blast of air entering the combustion chamber at high speeds. Jet pilots c
41、all this condition “flameout“. Combustion can sometimes occur very slowly. A familiar example of slow combustion is the drying of ordinary oil-based paint. In this chemical reaction, called oxidation, the oxygen in the air reacts with the drying oil in the paint to provide a tough film. The linseed
42、oil molecules link together, forming an insoluble coating. How can the chemical reaction involved in such a quiet process as the drying of paint also produce spectacular flames and explosions? The main difference between the two is the temperature at which they occur. At lower temperatures the react
43、ion must take place over a long time. The heat which is slowly produced is dissipated to the surroundings and does not speed up the reaction. When the heat produced by the low-temperature reaction is retained instead of being dissipated, the system breaks into flame. In a flame or explosion, the rea
44、ctions are extremely fast. In many chemical processes, however, such a rapid oxidation process would be extremely destructive. 31 Which of the following states the major difference between oxidation and fire? （ A） Their burning velocities differ in rate. （ B） Oxidation is a chemical reaction while f
45、ire is a physical reaction. （ C） Oxidation does not create heat. （ D） They occur at different temperatures. 32 Rocket fuels are more explosive than methane gas because of _. （ A） the temperature at which combustion takes place （ B） the degree of oxidation accomplished for the combustion process （ C）
46、 the location of the combustion （ D） the greater burning velocity 33 A steady flame in a gas burner is the result of _. （ A） a burning velocity equal to the combustion wave （ B） fuel being supplied at the same rate as the combustion wave （ C） fuel being supplied at a higher rate than that of the bur
47、ning velocity （ D） a low combustion wave 34 Which of the following could not be defined as combustion? （ A） A quietly burning flame. （ B） An explosion. （ C） A radiator giving off heat. （ D） The drying of oil-based paint. 35 An attempt on the part of the author of this passage to give a more informal
48、 tone to his writing occurs in _. （ A） paragraph 2 （ B） paragraph 4 （ C） paragraph 5 （ D） paragraph 7 36 The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books as well as sever
49、al chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice
