1、考研英语模拟试卷 129及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth is moving into a new era, an
2、 era of extraordinary (1)_ and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the (2)_ of television and computer technologies. The word “television“, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, ca
3、n (3)_ be interpreted as sight from distance. Very simply (4)_, it works in this (5)_: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of (6)_ an image (focused on a special photo-conductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through
4、a wire of cable. These impulses, when fed into a (7)_ (television set), can then be electronically (8)_ into that same image. Television is (9)_ just an electronic system, (10)_. It is a means of expression, as well as a (11)_ for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other
5、 human beings. The field of television can be divided into two (12)_ determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television (13)_. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the
6、 needs of individuals or (14)_ interest groups through controlled transmission techniques. Traditionally, television has been a (15)_ of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television (16)_ it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During th
7、ose years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks. ABC, NBC and CBS, who have been the (17)_ purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of (18)_ have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to (19)_ the pic
8、ture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this (20)_ medium as the passive viewer. （ A） sophistication （ B） deformity （ C） manoeuvre （ D） elaboration （ A） uniformity （ B） comparison （ C） differentiation （ D） marriage （ A） nominally （ B） literally （ C） hardly （ D） theoretically （ A）
9、 put （ B） talked （ C） said （ D） spoken （ A） method （ B） style （ C） way （ D） channel （ A） convert （ B） converting （ C） switch （ D） switching （ A） machine （ B） container （ C） termination （ D） receiver （ A） reshaped （ B） reviewed （ C） reconstituted （ D） recognized （ A） no more than （ B） more than （ C）
10、no other than （ D） rather than （ A） therefore （ B） moreover （ C） however （ D） henceforth （ A） vehicle （ B） facility （ C） instrument （ D） source （ A） fields （ B） scopes （ C） categories （ D） ranges （ A） symbols （ B） signs （ C） sights （ D） signals （ A） famous （ B） exceptional （ C） public （ D） specific
11、（ A） datum （ B） medium （ C） agent （ D） outlet （ A） because （ B） when （ C） though （ D） if （ A） minor （ B） superior （ C） major （ D） inferior （ A） media （ B） video （ C） broadcasting （ D） communication （ A） use （ B） regard （ C） accept （ D） develop （ A） stagnant （ B） static （ C） dynamic （ D） energetic Pa
12、rt A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neigh
13、borhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes. An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors. Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before
14、 they become crises. For instance, a corporate manager with foresight might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. The publics changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic con
15、straints (or opportunities), and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead. People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal
16、with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology. Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills
17、for students (and their teachers) to develop. Many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, when the post-World War atomic age made it critical to “think about the unthinkable“ and prepare for it. Pioneering futurists at the: RAND
18、Corporation (the first “think tank“) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future. The futurists reco
19、gnized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now. The key thing to watch is not events (sudden developments or one-day occurrences) but trends (long-term ongoing shif
20、ts in such things as population, land use, technology, and governmental systems). Using these techniques and many others, futurists now can tell us many things that may happen in the future. Some are nearly certain to happen, such as the continuing expansion in the worlds population. Other events ar
21、e viewed as far less likely, but could be extremely important if they do occur, such as an asteroid colliding with the planet. 21 Correctly exercising foresight is shown in the case of （ A） new products and services. （ B） an increase in minority populations. （ C） stocking more foods with ethnic tast
22、es. （ D） the art museum director. 22 Which of the following may be regarded as potential crises? （ A） An alarming rise in local housing prices. （ B） The availability of skilled workers in the region. （ C） The lack of skilled workers in the region. （ D） The publics changing values and priorities. 23
23、All the following are cited as examples of the importance of exercising foresight EXCEPT （ A） government administrators. （ B） school officials. （ C） school students and teachers. （ D） government planners. 24 According to the text, the most important thing for the futurists to grasp is （ A） the futur
24、e world. （ B） the present world. （ C） what is happening now. （ D） the world trends. 25 The best title for the passage may be （ A） The Use of Foresight. （ B） How to Exercise Foresight. （ C） Foresight in Business and Government. （ D） The Best-known Techniques for Foresight. 26 If sustainable competiti
25、ve advantage depends on workforce skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of produ
26、ction to be rented at the lowest possible cost much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of hum
27、an-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource managemen
28、t is central, usually the second most important, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do inv
29、est is also much more narrowly focused on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing statio
30、ns than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed
31、with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and profess
32、ional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. 26 Which of the following can best describe the management of human resources in American companies? （ A） Human-resource management is not considered principal to the survival of American companies. （ B） Human-resource management is next to fin
33、ancial management. （ C） Gaining of skills is seen as the firms responsibility. （ D） Human-resource manager only hired skilled workers. 27 Whats the position of the head of human resources management in American companies? （ A） He is one of the most influential executives in the firm. （ B） His post i
34、s likely to rise when new technologies are introduced. （ C） He is directly under the chief executive. （ D） He has no right in marking important decisions in the firm. 28 Most American firms put their money mainly in （ A） the establishment of new branches in foreign countries. （ B） the training of ba
35、sic skills of their workforces. （ C） the research and development of new products. （ D） the financial and administrative fields. 29 According to the text, the decisive factor in maintaining a firms competitive advantage is （ A） the introduction of new technologies. （ B） the improvement of workers ba
36、sic skills. （ C） the composition of professional and managerial employees. （ D） the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees. 30 Whats the main idea of the text? （ A） American firms are putting less emphasis on human-resource management. （ B） Extensive retraining is vital to effe
37、ctive human-resource management. （ C） The head of human-resource management shouldnt be in the central position in a firms hierarchy. （ D） The human-resource management strategies of American firms will affect their competitive capacity. 31 Eating better and more adventurously is becoming an obsessi
38、on, especially among people with money to spend. Healthier eating and not-so healthy eating as well as the number and variety of food choices and venues continue to increase at an ever-quickening pace. Globalization is the master trend that will drive the world of food in the years a head. Consumers
39、 traveling the globe, both virtually and in reality, will be able to sweep up ingredients, packaged foods, recipes, and cooking techniques from every corner of the earth at an ever-intensifying and accelerating pace. Formerly remote ingredients and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mo
40、saic as they are transplanted and reinterpreted all over the world. Many factors are behind this, but none more so than the influence of the great international hotel chains. Virtually every chef who has worked for Hilton, Westin, Peninsula, or any other major chain gathers global experience in loca
41、les as diverse as Singapore, New Orleans, Toronto, and Dubai. At each stop, they carry away cooking ideas and techniques they can and do use elsewhere. This trend will gain even greater momentum as ambitious young adults stake their own futures on internationalization, treating broader food savvy as
42、 an important aspect of their own advancement. Young people will need knowledge of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of socialization, enculturation, cultural exchange, and success. In country after country, there seems little doubt that global cuisine will ma
43、ke its biggest inroads among the younger set. Many in the generations now coming of age will treat world-ranging food knowledge and experience as key elements in furthering their personal plans, business acumen, and individual growth. The Internet has made global contacts a matter of routine. Comput
44、er networking will permit chefs and others in the food industry, including consumers, to link directly with the best available authorities in faraway nations, supplementing or bypassing secondhand sources of information altogether. Time, with all its implications, will also be a factor in emerging w
45、orld food trends. More and more of us are destined to operate on global time that is, at full tilt 24 hours a day. This will become the norm for companies with resources scattered all over the planet. Beyond the 24 hour supermarkets many of us already take for granted, there will also be three-shift
46、 shopping centers open at any hour. Restaurants in the great business capitals intent on cultivating an international clientele will serve midnight breakfasts or break-of-dawn dinners (with the appropriate wines) without raising a single eyebrow. 31 From the first two paragraphs we can learn that th
47、e trend of food obsession is （ A） adventurous. （ B） more and more popular in the world. （ C） a global phenomenon. （ D） sweeping up every corner of the earth. 32 According to the passage, the trend of new culinary mosaic is most accelerated by （ A） globalization. （ B） remote ingredients and cooking s
48、tyles. （ C） great international hotel chains. （ D） chefs of various nationalities. 33 The phrase “global cuisine“(Paragraph 4) probably means （ A） a world of young people. （ B） a world style of cooking. （ C） a specific food popular in the world. （ D） world foods in general. 34 It can be inferred fro
49、m the passage that （ A） computer networking will be helpful in the food industry. （ B） 24-hour supermarkets are not very common. （ C） few shopping centers are three-shift open at any hour. （ D） 24-hour restaurants are not in practice in the great business capitals. 35 The best title for the passage may be （ A） Eating Better and More Adventurously. （ B） Food Globalization. （ C） The Trend of Dining. （ D） A Kitchen Revolution. 36 The telecity is a city whose life, direction, and functioning
