1、考研英语模拟试卷 185及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technologys unforeseen side e
2、ffects. More than one billion are (1)_ use around the world, and when asked, their (2)_ say they love their phones for the safety and convenience (3)_ provide. People also report that they are (4)_ in their use of their phones. One opinion survey (5)_ that “98 percent of Americans say they move away
3、 from (6)_ when talking on a wireless phone in public“ (7)_ “86 percent say they never or rarely speak (8)_ wireless phones“ when conducting (9)_ with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a (10)_ between our reported cellphone behavior and our actual behavior. Cellphone users that is to say
4、, most of us are (11)_ instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it (12)_ a cumulatively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Guttmann observed in another (13)_, there is something deeply disturbing about people who are“ (14)_ contact“ in social si
5、tuations because they are blatantly refusing to (15)_ to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellphone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you (16)_ unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public (17)_. a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democrat
6、ic a technology. Listeners dont always passively (18)_ this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-sprayed in movie theaters, (19)_ from concert halls and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of (20)_ behavior on their cellphones. （ A） of （ B） for （ C） in （ D） by （ A） masters （ B）
7、owners （ C） holders （ D） inventors （ A） they （ B） who （ C） that （ D） which （ A） careful （ B） careless （ C） courteous （ D） cautious （ A） expressed （ B） exposed （ C） discovered （ D） found （ A） other （ B） others （ C） the other （ D） another （ A） and that （ B） as for （ C） whereas （ D） on the contrary （ A
8、） on （ B） by （ C） via （ D） from （ A） acts （ B） actions （ C） operations （ D） transactions （ A） limit （ B） gulf （ C） river （ D） boundary （ A） either （ B） neither （ C） both （ D） all （ A） has （ B） had （ C） has had （ D） had had （ A） place （ B） location （ C） spot （ D） context （ A） in （ B） out of （ C） on （
9、 D） with （ A） insist （ B） adhere （ C） continue （ D） attach （ A） and （ B） in （ C） into （ D） from （ A） space （ B） phone （ C） service （ D） facility （ A） have （ B） find （ C） receive （ D） accept （ A） refused （ B） ejected （ C） rejected （ D） repelled （ A） good （ B） poor （ C） polite （ D） rude Part A Directi
10、ons: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Someone has calculated that by the time an American reaches the age of 40, he or she has been exposed to one million ads. Another estimate is that we have encountered more than 600,000 a
11、ds by the time we reach the age of only 18. Now, of course, we dont remember what exactly they said or even what the product was, but a composite message gets through: that you deserve the best, that you should have it now, and that its okay to indulge yourself, because you deserve the compliments,
12、sex appeal, or adventure you are going to get as a result of buying this car or those cigarettes. Our consumer-based economy makes two absolutely reciprocal psychological demands on its members. On the one hand, you need the “discipline“ values to ensure that people will be good workers and lead ord
13、erly, law-abiding lives. On the other hand, you need the “enjoy yourself“ messages to get people to be good consumers. One author was disturbed about the “enjoy yourself“ side, but acknowledged that “without a means of stimulating mass consumption, the very structure of our business enterprise would
14、 collapse.“ The interesting question has to do with the psychological consequences of the discrepancy between the dual messages. The “discipline“ or “traditional values“ theme demands that one compartment of the personality have a will strong enough to keep the individual doing unpleasant work at lo
15、w wages, or to stay in an unhappy marriage, and, in general, to do things for the good of the commonwealth. The “enjoy yourself“ message, on the other hand, tends to encourage a very different kind of personality-one that is self-centered, based on impulse, and is unwilling to delay rewards. As an i
16、llustration, I cant resist reciting one of my favorite ads of all time, an ad from a psychology magazine: “I love me. Im just a good friend to myself. And I like to do what makes me feel good. I used to sit around, putting things off till tomorrow. Tomorrow Ill drink champagne, and buy a set of pear
17、ls, and pick up that new stereo. But now I live my dreams today, not tomorrow.“ So what happens to us as we take in these opposing messages, as we are, in fact, torn between the opposite personality types that our society seems to require of us? Tile result is anxiety, fear, and a mysterious dread.
18、The fear of being sucked in and dragged down by our consumer culture is real: the credit card company is not friendly when you default on your bills. And we all know that the path of pleasure-seeking and blind acquisition is a recipe for financial ruin-for most of us, anyway-and that, in American so
19、ciety, there isnt much of a safety net to catch you if you fall. 21 From the first paragraph we know that ads in America are very_. （ A） pervasive （ B） successful （ C） convincing （ D） impressive 22 According to the passage, the “discipline“ values and the “enjoy yourself“ are_. （ A） contradictory ne
20、eds from the consumers （ B） mutually corresponding psychological demands on the consumers （ C） for good workers who lead orderly, law-abiding lives （ D） messages to get people to be good consumers 23 According to the “discipline“ or “traditional values“ theme_. （ A） there are dual messages for the p
21、sychological consequences （ B） one should sacrifice himself for the interest of the commonwealth （ C） people would stay in an unhappy marriage （ D） the individual is glad to do unpleasant work at low wages 24 Which of the following is NOT true with the “enjoy yourself“ message? （ A） It is a differen
22、t kind of personality from others. （ B） It is one that is self-centered. （ C） I like to do what makes me feel good. （ D） I live my dreams today, not tomorrow. 25 From the last paragraph we may infer that_. （ A） there is a fear of being sucked in and dragged down by our consumer culture （ B） pleasure
23、-seeking and blind acquisition is popular in our society （ C） one should not default on ones bills （ D） American society is not as secure as people assume 26 The 1920s was the decade of advertising. The advertising men went wild: everything from salt to household coal was being nationally advertised
24、. Of course, ads had been around for a long time. But something new was happening, in terms of both scale and strategy. For the first time, business began to use advertising as a psychological weapon against consumers. Without their product, the consumer would be left unmarried, fall victim to a ter
25、rible disease, or be passed over for a promotion. N/Is developed an association between the product and ones very identity. Eventually they came to promise everything and anything-from self-esteem to status, friendship, and love. This psychological approach was a response to the economic dilemma bus
26、iness faced. Americans in the middle classes and above (to whom virtually all advertising was targeted) were no longer buying to satisfy basic needs-such as food, clothing and shelter. These had been met. Advertisers had to persuade consumers to acquire things they most certainly did not need. In ot
27、her words, production would have to “create the wants it sought to satisfy“. This is exactly what manufacturers tried to do. The normally conservative telephone company attempted to transform the plain telephone into a luxury, urging families to buy “all the telephones that they can conveniently use
28、, rather than the smallest amount they can get along with“. One ad campaign targeted fifteen phones as the style for a wealthy home. Business clearly understood the nature of the problem. According to one historian: “Business had learned as never before the importance of the final consumer. Unless h
29、e or she could be persuaded to buy, and buy extravagantly, the whole stream of new cars, cigarettes, womens make-up, and electric refrigerators would be dammed up at its outlets.“ But would the consumer be equal to her/his task as the foundation of private enterprise? A top executive of one American
30、 car manufacturer stated the matter bluntly: business needs to create a dissatisfied consumer; its mission is “the organized creation of dissatisfaction“. This executive led the way by introducing annual model changes for his companys cars, designed to make the consumer unhappy with what he or she a
31、lready had. Other companies followed his lead. Economic success now depended on the promotion of qualities like waste and self-indulgence. The campaign to create new and unlimited wants did not go unchallenged. Trade unions and those working for social reform understood the long-term consequences of
32、 materialism for most Americans: it would keep them locked in capitalisms trap. The consumption of luxuries required long hours at work. Business was explicit in its resistance to increases in free time, preferring consumption as the alternative to taking economic progress in the form of leisure. In
33、 effect, business offered up the cycle of work-and-spend. 26 The 1920s advertising men went wild_. （ A） about salt and household coal （ B） over their ads scale and strategy （ C） about a psychological weapon （ D） to develop an association between the product and the consumer 27 A typical example of “
34、create the wants it sought to satisfy“ is_. （ A） acquiring things they most certainly did not need （ B） transforming the plain telephone into a luxury （ C） fifteen phones as the style for a wealthy home （ D） buying all the telephones that they can conveniently use 28 The importance of the final cons
35、umer lies in_. （ A） the potential buying power （ B） the nature of the problem （ C） changing the products into capital （ D） the demands for various merchandises 29 Business needs to create a dissatisfied consumer because it_. （ A） promotes competition （ B） helps improve production （ C） puts higher st
36、andard on the manufacturer （ D） pushes forward product renovation 30 According to the passage, the term “materialism“ refers to_. （ A） a theory that physical matter is the only reality （ B） a doctrine that the only values lie in material well-being （ C） a doctrine that economic or social change is m
37、aterially caused （ D） a focus on material rather than intellectual or spiritual things 31 You may fall prey to a nonviolent but frightening and fast-growing crime: identity theft. It happens to at least 500,000 new victims each year, according to government figures. And it happens very easily becaus
38、e every identification number you have Social Security, credit card, drivers license, telephone “is a key that unlocks some storage of money or goods,“ says a fraud program manager of the US Postal Service. “So if you throw away your credit card receipt and I get it and use the number on it, Im not
39、becoming you, but to the credit card company Ive become your account.“ One major problem, experts say, is that the Social Security Number (SSN) originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposes has become the universal way to identify people. It is used as identification by the military,
40、 colleges and in billions of commercial transactions. Yet a shrewd thief can easily snatch your SSN, not only by stealing your wallet, but also by taking mail from your box, going through your trash for discarded receipts and bills or asking for it over the phone on some pretext. Using your SSN, the
41、 thief applies for a credit card in your name, asking that it be sent to a different address than yours, and uses it for multiple purchases. A couple of months later the credit card company, or its debt collection agency, presses you for payment. You dont have to pay the debt, but you must clean up
42、your damaged credit record. That means getting a police report and copy of the erroneous contract, and then using them to clear the fraud from your credit report, which is held by a credit bureau. Each step can require a huge amount of effort. In the Collins case, the clearance of the erroneous char
43、ges from their record required three years of poring over records and $6,000 in solicitors fees. In the meantime, they were denied a loan to build a vacation home, forced to pay cash for a new heating and cooling system, hounded by debt collectors, and embarrassed by the spectacle of having their ho
44、me watched by investigators looking for the missing car. Of course, thousands of people are caught and prosecuted for identity theft. But it was only last year that Congress made identity theft itself a federal crime. That law set up a special government office to help victims regain their lost cred
45、it and to streamline police efforts by tracking cases on a national scale. Consumer advocates say this may help but will not address the basic problems, which, they believe, are causing the outbreak in identity theft: industrys rush to attract more customers by issuing instant credit, inadequate che
46、cking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers personal information. 31 Which of the following may least make you fall prey to a nonviolent crime? （ A） Your Social Security Number. （ B） Your credit card receipt. （ C） Your drivers license. （ D） Your telephone. 32 The most commonly use
47、d trick for a shrewd thief is_. （ A） peeping into commercial transactions （ B） seizing your SSN （ C） taking mail from your box （ D） asking you over the phone 33 If the thief applies for a credit card in your name, you _. （ A） shouldnt bother it at all （ B） had better pay for your carelessness （ C） s
48、hould get a report from the police （ D） have to spend much effort to tackle it 34 The Collins case impress that_. （ A） the clearance of the erroneous charges is not easy （ B） they could not apply a loan to build a vacation home （ C） they have to pay cash for almost everything （ D） it is embarrassed
49、to clean up the damaged credit record 35 The best title for the passage may be_. （ A） Stolen Identity: A New Epidemic （ B） Guard against Identity Theft （ C） How to Keep Your Identity Safe （ D） Be Cautious of Using Your SSN 36 By the mid-sixties, blue jeans were an essential part of the wardrobe of those with a commitment to social struggle. In the American Deep South, black farmers and grandchildren of slaves s
