1、考研英语模拟试卷 188及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently (1)_ qualitatively but quantitatively-ho
2、w the world works. We might (2)_ a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that (3)_ a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain (4)_ as massive as the universe. It seems (5)_ that
3、such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains (6)_ some degree of internal stability and order. But (7)_ in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much (8)_ than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy. (9)_ for us, we
4、live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have (10)_ us to understand something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition (11)_ highly unreliable guides. It
5、is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass (12)_ indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness (13)_ the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every week (14)_ I get a letter from someone who com
6、plains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einsteins (15)_ analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. We are not (16)_ the habit of traveling close to
7、 the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities. The idea that the world places restrictions on (17)_ humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldnt we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why cant we (18)_ faster than the speed of light? But (19)_ we
8、 can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only (20)_ us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable. （ A） just （ B） very （ C） just not （ D） not just （ A） see （ B） think （ C） imagine （ D） believe （ A） make （ B） make of （ C） make up （ D） make fr
9、om （ A） at least （ B） at most （ C） at last （ D） at the cost （ A） likely （ B） unlikely （ C） really （ D） unreal （ A） want （ B） need （ C） require （ D） acquire （ A） unless （ B） until （ C） if （ D） even if （ A） more （ B） larger （ C） bigger （ D） greater （ A） Fortunately （ B） Unfortunately （ C） Happily （ D）
10、 Unhappily （ A） provided （ B） prepared （ C） armed （ D） got ready （ A） turn to （ B） turn on （ C） turn out to be （ D） turn away from （ A） decrease （ B） increases （ C） reduce （ D） add （ A） in （ B） at （ C） with （ D） from （ A） or two （ B） and two （ C） even two （ D） of two （ A） clever （ B） wise （ C） brill
11、iant （ D） intelligent （ A） of （ B） in （ C） with （ D） at （ A） that （ B） which （ C） matter （ D） what （ A） go （ B） walk （ C） travel （ D） run （ A） if （ B） unless （ C） so far （ D） so far as （ A） press （ B） have （ C） make （ D） entail Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions b
12、elow each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The idea of humanoid robots is not new, of course. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play “Rossums Universal Robots“. (The word “robot“ comes from the Czec
13、h word for drudgery, robota.) Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Langs silent masterpiece “Metropolis“ to the wittering C-3PO in “Star Wars“ and the ruthless assassin of “Terminator“. Humanoid robots have walked into our collect
14、ive subconscious, colouring our views of the future. But now Japans industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 yea
15、rs, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked on to the stage and accepted its own plaque. At t
16、wo and a half feet tall, Sonys QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. If it falls over, it gets up and resumes where it left off. It can even connect wirelessly to the Internet and broadcast what its camera e
17、yes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed. In 2004, Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its
18、 fingers work the instruments valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan. Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a me
19、chanical minority. Most of the worlds robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal, machines making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first h
20、alf of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid. 21 In Paragraph I the author introduces his topic by relating_. （ A） the idea of hum
21、anoid robots （ B） Karl Capeks creation of robots （ C） Hollywoods production of robot films （ D） the origin of and popular films about robots 22 According to the authors description, Asimo_. （ A） is in the shape of a human being （ B） is in a sort of animal form （ C） seems more like a human being than
22、 a machine in action （ D） seems more like a machine than a human being in action 23 Sonys QRIO could carry out all the following work EXCEPT_. （ A） walking everywhere freely （ B） understanding some words uttered by people （ C） finding its way （ D） continuing walking after it stumbles 24 From the pas
23、sage we may infer that the Toyotas Partner_. （ A） is much better than. any other robots （ B） is no more than a mechanic device （ C） may be put into mass production （ D） may speak like a man 25 Judging from the context, this passage is probably written_. （ A） in 2004 （ B） in 2005 （ C） between 2003-20
24、04 （ D） between 2004-2005 26 If you are what you eat, then you are also what you buy to eat. And mostly what people buy is scrawled onto a grocery list, those ethereal scraps of paper that record the shorthand of where we shop and how we feed ourselves. Most grocery lists end up in the garbage. But
25、if you live in St. Louis, they might have a half-life you never imagined: as a cultural document, posted on the Internet. For the past decade, Bill Keaggy, 33, the features photo editor at The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, has been collecting grocery lists and since 1999 has been posting them online at w
26、ww.grocerylists.org. The collection, which now numbers more than 500 lists, is strangely addictive. The lists elicit twofold curiosity-about the kind of meal the person was planning and the kind of person who would make such a meal. What was the shopper with vodka, lighters, milk and ice cream on hi
27、s list planning to do with them? In what order would they be consumed? Was it a he or a she? Who had written “Tootie food, kitten chow, bird food stick, toaster scrambles, coffee drinks“? Some shoppers organize their lists by aisle; others start with dairy, go to cleaning supplies and then back to d
28、airy before veering off to Home Depot. A few meticulous ones note the price of every item. One shopper had written in large letters on an envelope, simply, “Milk.“ The thin lines of ink and pencil jutting and looping across crinkled and torn pieces of paper have a purely graphic beauty. One of lifes
29、 most banal duties, viewed through the curatorial lens, can somehow seem pregnant with possibility. It can even appear poetic, as in the list that reads “meat, cigs, buns, treats.“ One thing Keaggy discovered is that Dan Quayle is not alone-few people can spell bananas and bagels, let alone potato.
30、One list calls for “suchi“ and “strimp.“ “Some people pass judgment on the things they buy,“ Keaggy says. At the end of one list, the shopper wrote “Bud Light“ and then “good beer.“ Another scribbled “good loaf of white bread.“ Some pass judgment on themselves, like the shopper who wrote “read, stay
31、 home or go somewhere, I act like my mom, go to Kentucky, underwear, lemon.“ People send messages to one another, too. Buried in one list is this statement: “If you buy more rice, Ill punch you.“ And plenty of shoppers, like the one with both ice cream and diet pills on the list, reveal their vices.
32、 26 What would people usually do with their grocery list after shopping? （ A） Buying what it is scrawled on the paper. （ B） Recording the shorthand of where we shop. （ C） Throwing it into the dustbin. （ D） Posting it on the Internet. 27 Bill Keaggy collects grocery lists because_. （ A） he wants to p
33、ost them online （ B） he is curious about the list writers （ C） he tries to find out something behind them （ D） he does it for amusement 28 Was it a he or a she?(Para. 2) may be replaced by_. （ A） Who did it? （ B） Who was the person that wrote it? （ C） Did he or she write it? （ D） Was it written by a
34、 man or a woman? 29 Bill Keaggys studying on grocery lists suggests that_. （ A） Dan Quayle is not alone in misspelling （ B） fewer people can spell bananas and bagels correctly （ C） misspelling occurs most frequently in writing “potato“ （ D） some people misspell “sushi“ for “suchi“, and “shrimp“ for
35、“strimp“ 30 The last sentence of the passage implies that_. （ A） ice cream and diet pills reveal ones vices （ B） ice cream and diet pills are not good food （ C） plenty of shoppers do not buy their right grocery （ D） ones defects in character may be reflected on the grocery list 31 Well, he made it u
36、p. All of it, apparently. According to a report published on December 29th by Seoul National University in South Korea, its erstwhile employee Hwang Woo-suk, who had tendered his resignation six days earlier, deliberately falsified his data in the paper on human embryonic stem cells that he and 24 c
37、olleagues published in Science in May 2005. In particular, Dr Hwang claimed he had created 11 colonies of human embryonic stem cells genetically matched to specific patients. He had already admitted that nine of these were bogus, but had said that this was the result of an honest mistake, and that t
38、he other two were still the real McCoy. A panel of experts appointed by the university to investigate the matter, however, disagreed. They found that DNA fingerprint traces conducted on the stem-cell lines reported in the paper had been manipulated to make it seem as if all 11 lines were tailored to
39、 specific patients. In fact, none of them matched the volunteers with spinal-cord injuries and diabetes who had donated skin cells for the work. To obtain his promising “results“, Dr Hwang had sent for testing two samples from each donor, rather than a sample from the donor and a sample of the cells
40、 into which the donors DNA had supposedly been transplanted. The panel also found that a second claim in the paper-that only 185 eggs were used to create the 11 stem-cell lines-was false. The investigators said the actual number of eggs used was far larger, in the thousands, although they were unabl
41、e to determine an exact figure. The reason this double fraud is such a blow is that human embryonic stem-cell research has great expectations. Stem cells, which have not yet been programmed to specialise and can thus, in principle, grow into any tissue or organ, could be used to treat illnesses rang
42、ing from diabetes to Parkinsons disease. They might even be able to fix spinal-cord injuries. And stem cells cloned from a patient would not be rejected as foreign by his immune system, Dr Hwangs reputation, of course, is in tatters. The university is now investigating two other groundbreaking exper
43、iments he claims to have conducted-the creation of the worlds first cloned human embryo and the extraction of stem cells from it, and the creation of the worlds first cloned dog. He is also in trouble for breaching ethical guidelines by using eggs donated by members of his research team. And it is e
44、ven possible that the whole farce may have been for nothing. Cloned embryos might be the ideal source of stem cells intended to treat disease, but if it proves too difficult to create them, a rough-and-ready alternative may suffice. 31 From the passage we may learn that Hwang Woo-suk_. （ A） made up
45、all his experience （ B） is a famous geneticist in Seoul National University （ C） was an employee in Seoul National University （ D） published an authentic paper in Science with his 24 colleagues 32 According to the panel of experts appointed by the university, Hwangs case is_. （ A） a mistake of carel
46、ess （ B） the result of an honest mistake （ C） a dishonest experiment （ D） a deliberated fabrication 33 The significance of embryonic stem-cell research lies in_. （ A） great expectations （ B） planting into any tissue or organ （ C） the treatment for a lot of human diseases （ D） curing diabetes and Par
47、kinsons disease 34 The phrase “in tatters“ (Line 1, Para. 5) may be replaced by_. （ A） in danger （ B） in despair （ C） in a ragged state （ D） totally ruined 35 The best title for the passage may be_. （ A） Hwang is Found Guilty of Fabricating His Results （ B） How a Stem-cell Researcher Fabricates His
48、Results （ C） The Consequence of a Made-up Experiment （ D） Hwang Woo-suks Resignation 36 According to studies cited by the National Eating Disorders Association, 42 percent of girls in first through third grade want to be thinner, 81 percent of 10-year-olds are afraid of being fat, and 51 percent of
49、9-and 10-year-old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a diet. In many ways, this fixation on weight at ever earlier ages comes at an inopportune time physiologically. At a recent Hadassah meeting at the Woodlands Community Temple in White Plains, Dr. Maxcie Schneider, the director of adolescent medicine at Greenwich Hospital, and Erica Leon, a registered dietitian, spoke about early adolescence
