1、考研英语模拟试卷 193及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 In country after country, talk of nonsmokers right is in the air. While a majority of countries have taken little (1)_ yet, some na
2、tions have introduced legislative steps (2)_ control smoking. In some developed countries the (3)_ of cigarette has become more or less stabilized. (4)_, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is regarded (5)_ a sign of economic progress and is even encouraged. As more (6)_ companies go inter
3、national, new markets are (7)_ to gain more smokers in those countries. For (8)_, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to (9)_ cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa, (10)_ U.S. tobacco exports increased by more (11)_ 4 percent in 1996. Smoking is harmful to the health of
4、people. World governments should (12)_ serious campaigns against it. Restrictions (13)_ cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and (14)_ on public smoking in certain places such (15)_ theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations in (16)_ of non-sm
5、okers or in curbing smoking. But world attention also is (17)_ on another step that will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his (18)_. Great efforts should be made to (19)_ young people especially of the dreadful consequences of (20)_ the habit. And cigarette price s
6、hould be boosted. （ A） part （ B） action （ C） blame （ D） punishment （ A） for （ B） to （ C） with （ D） over （ A） consumption （ B） expense （ C） scales （ D） restriction （ A） And （ B） Therefore （ C） Thus （ D） However （ A） as （ B） to （ C） into （ D） with （ A） cigar （ B） smoke （ C） tobacco （ D） cigarette （ A）
7、 stated （ B） sought （ C） selected （ D） served （ A） all （ B） ever （ C） example （ D） fear （ A） consist （ B） cover （ C） transfer （ D） sell （ A） when （ B） whose （ C） which （ D） where （ A） that （ B） than （ C） over （ D） like （ A） motivate （ B） operate （ C） conduct （ D） tackle （ A） with （ B） about （ C） for
8、 （ D） on （ A） information （ B） support （ C） bans （ D） temptation （ A） but （ B） and （ C） as. （ D） or （ A） sketch （ B） support （ C） behalf （ D） line （ A） serving （ B） focusing （ C） illustrating （ D） judging （ A） habit （ B） angle （ C） performance （ D） method （ A） inform （ B） withdraw （ C） spot （ D） con
9、sist （ A） taking up （ B） taking in （ C） taking over （ D） taking after Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Can computer viruses ever be a force for progress? In the wild west of the online world, the archetypa
10、l baddies are computer viruses and worms. These self-replicating programs are notorious for wreaking havoc in the systems of unwary users. But, as in the west, not all gunslingers wear black hats. Some virus writers wish their fellow users well, and have been spreading viruses that are designed to d
11、o good, not harm. Cheese Worm, which appeared a few weeks ago, attempts to fix computers that have been compromised by the Lion Worm. The Lion Worm is dangerous. It infects computers that use the Linux operating system, and creates multiple “backdoors“ into the infected computer. It then e-mails inf
12、ormation about these backdoors to people who wish to misuse that computer for nefarious purposes such as “denial of service“ attacks on websites. (Such attacks bombard a site with so many simultaneous requests for access that it comes out with its hands up.) That might sound like a good thing. So mi
13、ght VBS.Noped.Amm. This virus, which arrives as an e-mail attachment, searches a users hard drive for specific files which the (unknown) virus writer believes contain child pornography. If the virus finds any files on the proscribed list, it e-mails a copy of the file in question to a random recipie
14、nt from a list of American government agencies, with an explanatory note. The notion of “good“ viruses may sound novel; but, according to Vesselin Bontchev, a virus expert with Frisk Software International in Iceland, it is not. However, early attempts to create beneficial viruses for example, progr
15、ams that compressed or encrypted files without asking a users permission were resented, because they represented a loss of control over a users computer, and a diversion of data-processing resources. Inoculating computers against infection sounds like a good idea, but fails because any unauthorised
16、changes are suspicious. Cheese Worm, even though it is designed to help the user whose disk it ends up on, suffers from the same objection. And VBS.Noped.Amm, whatever social benefits its author might think it has, is not even meant to do that. If it works, it will harm the user rather than help him
17、. It is little more than cyber-vigilantism. Appropriate to the wild west, perhaps, but if cyberspace is to be civilised, other solutions will have to be found. 21 From the passage we can infer that _. （ A） computer viruses might be a force for progress （ B） computers are full of viruses and worms （
18、C） computers are wild in the west （ D） viruses are spreading online 22 According to the passage, the Lion Worm is _. （ A） similar to Cheese Worm （ B） dangerous to a wide range of computers （ C） hazardous to the Linux operating system （ D） a computer program for nefarious purposes 23 Judging from the
19、 context, VBS.Noped.Amm is probably _. （ A） a good thing （ B） an unknown virus （ C） a dangerous virus （ D） a benign virus 24 According to Vesselin Bontchev the notion of “good“ viruses is _. （ A） just like a novel （ B） something new （ C） something usual （ D） something unique 25 The purpose of the au
20、thor in writing the text is to _. （ A） welcome “good“ viruses （ B） illustrate the nature of “good“ viruses （ C） expose the harm of “good“ viruses （ D） condemn the misbehavior of spreading viruses 26 Information technologists have dreamt for decades of making an electronic display that is as good as
21、paper: cheap enough to be pasted on to wails and billboards, clear enough to be read in broad daylight, and thin and flexible enough to be bound as hundreds of flippable leaves to make a book. Over the past few years they have got close. In particular, they have worked out how to produce the display
22、 itself, by sandwiching tiny spheres that change colour in response to an electric charge inside thin sheets of flexible, transparent plastic. What they have not yet found is a way to mass-produce flexible electronic circuitry with which to create that charge. But a paper just published in the Proce
23、edings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that this, too, may be done soon. The process described by John Rogers and his colleagues from Bell Laboratories, an arm of Lucent Technologies, in New Jersey, and E Ink Corporation, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, starts with E Inks established half-
24、way house towards true electronic paper. This is based on spheres containing black, liquid dye and particles of white, solid pigment. The pigment particles are negatively charged, so they can be pushed and pulled around by electrodes located above and below the sheet. The electrodes, in turn, are co
25、ntrolled by transistors under the sheet. Each transistor manipulates a single picture element (pixel), making it black or white. The pattern of pixels, in turn, makes up the picture or text on the page. The problem lies in making the transistors and connections. Established ways of doing this, such
26、as photolithography, use silicon as the semiconductor in the transistors. That is all right for applications suck as pesters. It is too fragile and too expensive, though, for genuine electronic paper which is why cheap and flexible electronic components are needed. For flexibility, Dr. Rogers and hi
27、s colleagues chose pentacene as their semiconductor, and gold as their wiring. Pentacene is a polymer whose semiconducting properties were discovered only recently. Gold is the most malleable metal known, and one of the best electrical conductors. Although it is pricey, so little is needed that the
28、cost per article is tiny. To make their electronic paper the researchers started with a thin sheet of Mylar, a tough plastic, that was coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent electrical conductor. To carve this conductor into a suitable electric circuit, they used an innovation called micr
29、ocontact printing lithography. This trick involves printing the pattern of the circuit on to the ITO using a rubber stamp. The “ink“ in the process is a solvent-resistant chemical that protects this part of the ITO while allowing the rest to be dissolved. 26 From the first paragraph of the passage,
30、we can learn that an electronic display _. （ A） can be made as good as paper （ B） is cheap enough to be pasted on to walls and billboards （ C） will be as thin and flexible as paper （ D） is difficult to be created in the form of flexible electronic circuitry 27 How many institutes or organizations ar
31、e involved in the paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences? （ A） 2. （ B） 3. （ C） 4. （ D） 5. 28 Silicon is not used for genuine electronic paper because _. （ A） it is used in the semiconductor in the transistors （ B） it is all right for applications such as posters （ C）
32、it is brittle and costly （ D） cheap and flexible electronic components are needed 29 Gold is used to ensure flexibility, because _. （ A） it is the most malleable and highly conductive metal known （ B） it is pricey （ C） little is needed and the cost is tiny （ D） all of the above 30 The best title for
33、 the passage maybe _. （ A） A Special Electronic Display （ B） John Rogers and His Colleagues Invention （ C） The Creation of the Electronic Paper （ D） The Age of the Electronic Page 31 The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US Constitution, but no one seems quite sure which way
34、happiness ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift conceived of happiness as “the state of being well-deceived“, or of being “a fool among idiots“, for Swift saw society as a land of false goals. It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of false goals
35、. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough. And at the same time the forces of American business are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and
36、advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them and to create them faster than anyones budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on addicting us to greed. We are even told it is our patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying things. Look at any o
37、f the magazines that cater to women. There advertising begins as art and slogans in the front pages and ends as pills and therapy in the back pages. The art at the front illustrates the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. This, the perfumed breath she must breathe out.
38、This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. This is the cream that restores skin, these are the tablets that melt away fat around the thighs, and these
39、are the pills of perpetual youth. Obviously no reasonable person can be completely persuaded either by such art or by such pills and devices. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy this dream and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customer
40、s, but what is it they are trying to buy? Defining the meaning of “happiness“ is a perplexing proposition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble,
41、having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set the greedy extreme. 31 From the first two paragraphs of the passage we may infer that _. （ A） the US Constitution gives people the right to pursue happiness （ B） American people are at a loss as how to gain happiness （ C） Jonathan Swift did
42、not believe in happiness itself （ D） American people tend to buy their happiness 32 In “advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them“(Para. 3), the word “them“ refers to _. （ A） American business （ B） advertisements （ C） sense of happiness （ D） peoples desires 33 In the authors view,
43、 buying things is regarded as _. （ A） a patriotic duty （ B） an action of supporting the national economy （ C） something addicting us to greed （ D） being taken in by advertising 34 It is implied by the author that the magazines are _. （ A） sheer art and slogans （ B） full of lure and deception （ C） dr
44、eam of perfect beauty for women （ D） useless cream, tablets and pills 35 The best title for the passage maybe _. （ A） The Pursuit of Happiness （ B） The Right to Pursue Happiness （ C） The False Goals of American People （ D） The Misguiding Force of Advertising 36 Erroneous virtues are running out of c
45、ontrol in our culture. I dont know how many times my 13-year-old son has told me about classmates who received $10 for each “A“ grade on their report cards hinting that I should do the same for him should he ever receive an A. Whenever he approaches me on this subject, I give him the same reply: for
46、get it! This is not to say that I would never praise my son for doing well in school. But my praise is not meant to reward or elicit future achievements, but rather to express my genuine delight in the satisfaction he feels at having done his best. Doling out $10 sends out the message that the feeli
47、ng alone isnt good enough. As a society, we seem to be on the brink of losing our internal control the ethical boundaries that guide our actions and feelings. Instead, these ethical standards have been eclipsed by external “stuff“ as a measure of our worth. We pass this obscene message on to our chi
48、ldren. We offer them money for learning how to convert fractions to decimals. Refreshments are given as a reward for reading. In fact, in one national reading program, a party awaits the entire class if each child reads a certain number of books within a four-month period. We call these things incen
49、tives, telling ourselves that if we can just reel them in and get them hooked, then the internal rewards will follow. I recently saw a television program where unmarried, teenage mothers were featured as the participants in a program that offers a $10 a week “incentive“ if these young women dont get pregnant again. Isnt the daily plight of being a single, teenaged mother enough to discourage them from becoming pre
