1、考研英语模拟试卷 226及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 About 40 percent of Americans think of themselves as shy, while only 20 percent say they have never suffered from shyness at some p
2、oint in their lives. Shyness occurs when a persons apprehensions are so great that they (1)_ his making an expected or desired social response. (2)_ of shyness can be as minor as (3)_ to make eye contact when speaking to someone, (4)_ as major as avoiding conversations whenever possible. “Shy people
3、 tend to be too (5)_ with themselves, “said Jonathan Cheek, a psychologist, who is one of those at the forefront of current research on the topic“. (6)_, for a smooth conversation, you need to pay attention to the other persons cues (7)_ he is saying and doing. But the shy person is full of (8)_ abo
4、ut how he seems to the other person, and so he often (9)_ cues he should pick up. The result is an awkward lag in the conversation. Shy people need to stop focusing on (10)_ and switch their attention to the other person“. (11)_,shy people by and large have (12)_ social abilities than they think the
5、y do. (13)_ Dr. Cheek videotaped shy people talking to (14)_,and then had raters(评估者 ) evaluate how socially skilled the people were, he found that, in the (15)_ of other people, the shy group had few (16)_ problems. But when he asked the shy people themselves (17)_ they had done, they were unanimou
6、s in saying that they had been social flops(失败 ). “Shy people are their own (18)_ critics, “Dr. Cheek said. (19)_, he added, shy people feel they are being judged more (20)_ than they actually are, and overestimate how obvious their social anxiety is to others. （ A） prevent （ B） inhibit （ C） keep （
7、D） motivate （ A） Symptoms （ B） Signals （ C） Highlights （ D） Incidences （ A） succeeding （ B） failing （ C） acting （ D） responding （ A） but （ B） not （ C） or （ D） nor （ A） preoccupied （ B） absorbed （ C） engaged （ D） indulged （ A） However （ B） Then （ C） For example （ D） Instead （ A） that （ B） which （ C）
8、what （ D） how （ A） worries （ B） feelings （ C） emotions （ D） indifferences （ A） follows （ B） picks up （ C） misses （ D） catches （ A） the conversation （ B） shyness （ C） others （ D） themselves （ A） Therefore （ B） Nevertheless （ C） On the contrary （ D） Similarly （ A） worse （ B） as good （ C） better （ D） b
9、est （ A） When （ B） Since （ C） While （ D） As （ A） themselves （ B） friends （ C） strangers （ D） others （ A） name （ B） terms （ C） case （ D） eyes （ A） oblivious （ B） obvious （ C） oblique （ D） obscure （ A） what （ B） whatever （ C） how （ D） however （ A） best （ B） justice （ C） fair （ D） worst （ A） In particu
10、lar （ B） In contrast （ C） In general （ D） In comparison （ A） positively （ B） negatively （ C） subjectively （ D） objectively Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 I dont know why UFOs are never sighted over large
11、 cities by hordes of people. But it is consistent with the idea that there are no space vehicles from elsewhere in our skies. I suppose it is also consistent with the ideas that space vehicles from elsewhere avoid large cities. However, the primary argument against recent extraterrestrial visitation
12、 is the absence of evidence. Take leprechauns. Suppose there are frequent reports of leprechauns. Because I myself am emotionally predisposed in favor of leprechauns, I would want to check the evidence especially carefully. Suppose I find that 500 picnickers independently saw a green blur in the for
13、est. Terrific. But so what? This is evidence only for a green blur. Maybe it was a fast hummingbird. Such cases are reliable but not particularly interesting. Now suppose that someone reports: “I was walking through the forest and came upon a convention of 7000 leprechauns. We talked for a while and
14、 I was taken down into their hole in the ground and shown pots of gold and feathered green hats. “I will reply: “Fabulous! Who else went along?“ And he will say, “Nobody“, or “My fishing partner“. This is a case that is interesting but unreliable. In a case of such importance, the uncorroborated tes
15、timony of one or two people is almost worthless. What I want is for the 500 picnickers to come upon the 7000 leprechauns, or vice versa. The situation is the same with UFOs. The reliable cases are uninteresting and the interesting cases are unreliable. Unfortunately, there are no cases that are both
16、 reliable and interesting. 21 Whats the authors attitude towards the UFOs? （ A） The author is not sure whether they are true or not. （ B） The author doubts if they are true. （ C） The author doesnt think they are interesting. （ D） The author simply does not believe them. 22 According to the author, l
17、eprechauns are just like UFOs because _. （ A） they have the same shape （ B） they have the same color （ C） they are all powerful （ D） they are all not reliable 23 It is implied in the passage that one of the reasons that people often talk about UFOs may be that _. （ A） they want to tell lies （ B） the
18、y dont live in the large cities （ C） there are only few witnesses （ D） the cases are interesting although not reliable 24 It is concluded from the passage that the testimony given by one or two persons is _. （ A） always worthless （ B） often reliable （ C） interesting but not reliable （ D） nearly wort
19、hless if it is concerned with matters of great importance 25 According to the author, _. （ A） one should not believe anything uninteresting （ B） one should not believe anything which doesnt occur in big cities （ C） one should not be too ready to believe things before checking the evidence （ D） one s
20、hould not expect anything strange to occur in the sky over the big cities 26 Young people in the early 1980s are taking on a set of attitudes and values remarkably different from those of the stormy 60s and 70s. Instead of anti-establishment outbursts, todays younger generation had turned more thoug
21、htful and more serious. There is heightened concern for the future of the country and a yearning for the traditions and support systems that gave comfort in the past. Many young men and Women of high-school and college age are having second thoughts about the “new morality“ and condemn what a soarin
22、g divorce rate has done to families. They speak openly of gaining strength from religion. Patriotism, too, seems to be making a modest comeback. One change in the early 1980s is a questioning of the permissive moral climate of recent years. More young people, while hesitant to preach or to condemn t
23、heir peers, cite the destructive effects of the drugs and alcohol that are so widely available in the schools. It is peer pressure that pushes teenagers into drugs, but now the habit often is dropped after high school, according to Debbie Bishop, a 22-year-old secretary. James Elrod, a college junio
24、r in Kentucky, also reports that use of marijuana on campus has lessened. A Cornell University law student reflects the views of many with the comment: “I think that drug abuse is harmful to your own health and those around you“. But he adds: “Drinking is fine only as long as its not done to excess“
25、. With the added pressures of a more uncertain world, most young people stress the importance of a healthy family life. Yet, as they look at the familys breakup that has taken place in the past decade, they concede that the challenge for many is to make the best of one-parent families. “The American
26、 family is evolving and changing, “according to Nina Mule, “Women are going out into the world and having careers. Theyre becoming more independent instead of being the burden of the family“. “But a great need remains for a family structure, “says Nina, who still lives with her parents, “because peo
27、ple have to be able to survive emotionally“. In Atlanta, 18-year-old Liss Joiner feels strongly about whats happened to the family“. People have realized that the family has disintegrated, “she says, “But todays family particularly the black family is trying to pull itself together and become the st
28、rong unit as it once was. “A similar view is expressed by a senior at Brigham Young University: “A happy family means everything to me. I read a lot about how the American family is falling a part. But I see lots of strong families around me, and that makes me very optimistic“. 26 Which of the follo
29、wing is NOT a feature of young people in the early 1980s? （ A） The are more thoughtful and serious. （ B） They have concern for the future of the country. （ C） They have a yearning for the traditions. （ D） They dont like adult world. 27 According to the passage, which of the following statements is N
30、OT true? （ A） Young people of 60s and 70s held radical attitudes towards life. （ B） Young people of the early 1980s begin to turn back to traditional values. （ C） Young people of the early 1980s follow the “new morality“. （ D） There were anti-establishment occurrences in 60s and 70s. 28 How do teena
31、gers begin to take drugs? （ A） They want to conform to their fellows. （ B） They want to be grown-up. （ C） They are threatened into drugs. （ D） None of the above. 29 Why do young people stress the importance of a healthy family life? （ A） They want to live a comfortable life. （ B） With the constantly
32、 added pressures of the outside world, they need a healthy family for emotional shelter. （ C） They dont want to make a living by themselves. （ D） They prefer to live with their parents. 30 Which do you think is the best title of the passage? （ A） Young People in the U.S. A Turn Back to Traditional V
33、alues （ B） Youth on the Move （ C） American Moral Values （ D） Todays American Young People 31 The divorce rate in Britain has leveled off to roughly one marriage in three and shows no sign of reaching the much higher American rate, according to the demographers(人口统计学者 ) assembled in Bath last week fo
34、r a conference on the family. There has been no increase in the rate in the last three years and although many expected it to rise a few more percentage points in the next decade, none believed it would reach the 50 percent that exists in America. One reason for the stabilizations of divorce is the
35、reduction in the risk factors fewer teenagers marrying, fewer early births in marriage, fewer pre-marital(婚前的 ) conceptions. Another reason which was aired at the annual conference of the British Society for Population Studies, was the increase in cohabitation. Some speakers argued that the increase
36、 in cohabitation has meant that marital couples are now much more familiar with each other before marriage and therefore less likely to separate. One out of four couples who marry today have lived together and in the older age groups the proportion is much higher. Some 34 percent of women aged over
37、25 who marry have cohabited, and over 50 percent of women who are marrying a divorced man or who have been divorced themselves, cohabit before marriage. Cohabitation in Britain, however, is still considerably lower than in many European states and was described by the demographers as “essentially a
38、part of contemporary courtship“. Only a small proportion of people who cohabited had children whereas in Sweden some 40 percent of births were now outside formal marriage. The British rate was 13 percent. Kath Kiernan of the Centre for Population Studies noted that the present statistics suggested t
39、hat there was a marginally higher risk of separation for couples who had cohabited, but this could possibly be explained by the fact that the statistics covered a period when cohabiting had not become as socially acceptable as it was today. A third reason why the demographers thought the divorce rat
40、e could stabilize was the economic squeeze(利润等的缩减 ) and the recession(暴跌 ), which would mean there was less opportunity to separate because of the lack of housing and employment. 31 The phrase “levelled off“ (Para. 1) most probably means _. （ A） increased （ B） decreased （ C） fluctuated （ D） became s
41、table 32 All of the following are the reasons for less divorce EXCEPT _. （ A） the decrease in the risk factors （ B） the rise in cohabitation （ C） on sign of reaching the higher divorce rate （ D） the lack of housing and employment 33 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The divorce rate in
42、 Britain would reach 50 percent. （ B） Some 34 percent of women have cohabited. （ C） Over 50 percent of women cohabit before marriage. （ D） 13 percent of births were outside formal marriage in Britain. 34 According to the passage, _ causes people to think more before separating. （ A） lack of housing
43、（ B） cohabitation （ C） the Iow divorce rate （ D） the problem of children 35 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） Reasons for the Stabilization （ B） Cohabitation in Britain （ C） Divorce Rate Levels off in Britain （ D） Divorce Rate in Britain 36 Under normal conditions
44、the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver. The means of sendin
45、g communications are too numerous and varied for a systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing, and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited
46、 roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of signs and symbols. Examples of visual communication are gesture and mimicry. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Ano
47、ther means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, of flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of hand stroking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligent
48、ly. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language. The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last
49、 only a short time, and the person involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore all are restricted in time and space. 36 Why does the author begin his analysis with the means of receiving communication rather than the means of sending communication? （ A） Communication actually takes place when the message is received. （ B） There are more means of receiving than of sending communications. （ C） Reception of communications involve
