1、考研英语模拟试卷 84及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 A garage these days is a highly prized asset, likely to add as much as 10% 15% to the value of a house, especially if its in a crowd
2、ed suburb where street parking is difficult. It is (1)_ one of the most expensive additions you can make. A brick double (2)_ with an internal floor (3)_ of 350 square feet might cost 8-9,000, though you could (4)_ that by between a quarter and a half (5)_ you used direct labour or built it yourself
3、. For the same (6)_ you (7)_ have 2 extra bedrooms and. a bathroom. (8)_ the prewar days when suburban gardens were (9)_ than a handkerchief, the garage was (10)_ as the “motor house“. It usually stood at the (11)_ of the garden as far away from the (12)_ as possible. Nowadays, and not just for (13)
4、_ of space, we (14)_ the garage to be (15)_ to the house or sometimes even inside (16)_ Normally, it (17)_ to be big (18)_ for two cars parked side by (19)_ though some builders still cheat and provide a nose-to-tail unit which saves on space but is a nuisance to (20)_. （ A） as well （ B） also （ C） b
5、ecause （ D） for （ A） flat （ B） house （ C） garage （ D） garden （ A） carpet （ B） area （ C） road （ D） ground （ A） buy （ B） increase （ C） reduce （ D） less （ A） though （ B） as （ C） so （ D） if （ A） price （ B） loan （ C） space （ D） car （ A） may （ B） will （ C） should （ D） could （ A） In （ B） While （ C） When （
6、D） For （ A） smallest （ B） small （ C） larger （ D） largest （ A） called （ B） known （ C） know （ D） call （ A） middle （ B） outside （ C） front （ D） bottom （ A） house （ B） home （ C） road （ D） car （ A） reason （ B） cause （ C） because （ D） caused （ A） favour （ B） prefer （ C） hate （ D） incline （ A） along side （
7、 B） beside （ C） next （ D） by （ A） them （ B） him （ C） her （ D） it （ A） ought （ B） must （ C） has （ D） should （ A） room （ B） enough （ C） size （ D） amount （ A） side （ B） beside （ C） half （ D） wall （ A） use （ B） build （ C） park （ D） know Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questi
8、ons below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Based on Hindu scriptures the system of arranged marriage in India was well established during the FDIC period (4000-1000 B.C.) and has been closely adhered to by the vast majority of the population since that period. Marriage is seen as a
9、n indispensable event in the life of a Hindu and the unmarried person is viewed as incomplete and ineligible for participation in certain social and religious activities. The practice of arranged marriage cuts across all caste lines, regional boundaries and language barriers in India. Marriage is tr
10、eated as an alliance between two families rather than two individuals. In the common joint family arrangement where several generations are living together, the prospective bride is evaluated on her suitability as part of the entire family environment rather than only as a wife to her husband. Love
11、is not viewed as an important element in mate selection nor is courtship thought to be necessary for testing the relationship. In fact, romantic love is regarded as an uncontrollable and explosive emotion which interferes with the use of reason and logic in decision-making. Love is thought to be a d
12、isruptive element since it implies a transference of loyalty from the family of orientation to another individual. Thus, mate selection by self-choice is seen as endangering the stability of the entire joint family since it could lead to the selection of a mate of unsuitable temperament or backgroun
13、d. Gupta has estimated that Indian marriages based on love occur among less than one percent of the population. Critical life decisions, such as choosing a mate, are generally determined by responsible members of the family or kin group, thus reflecting the cultural emphasis on feminism as opposed t
14、o freedom of the individual and pursuance of personal goals. However, it is anticipated that close ties and feelings of affection will develop between the couple following marriage. Most research on modern family life in India suggests that there has been little change in the views of Indians toward
15、 marriage. However, in their 1976 study of college students, Rae found that an increasing number of young adults in India wish to have more choice in the selection of their future mate, although they still prefer their parents to arrange their marriages. Cormack (1961) also states that the custom of
16、 prohibiting a prospective couple from seeing each other until their wedding day is becoming obsolete in most urban areas and among college-educated youth. 21 Approximately what percentage of the population in India most probably observes the custom of arranged marriage?_ （ A） under 30 percent （ B）
17、50 percent （ C） 55 percent （ D） over 70 percent 22 According to the passage, which of the foilowing best describes normal Indian families? _ （ A） Grandparents, parents, and children live together （ B） A young couple must have enough money to be able to afford their own house when they get marriage （
18、 C） Every member of a family has an equal voice in making decisions （ D） Relatives do not interfere in each others affairs 23 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?_ （ A） To Hindus, marriage is important but not necessary （ B） Although family is important, no one expects young Indi
19、ans to give up their own happiness for the benefit of the family （ C） Young Indians do not traditionally go on dates with their future spouses （ D） Although many marriages are still arranged, most young people nowadays choose their marriage partner on the basis of love 24 Cupta has estimated that In
20、dian marriages based on love occur among less than one percent of the population because_ （ A） marriage is treated as an alliance between two families rather than two individuals. （ B） in a family, there are several generations living together （ C） love implies a transference of loyalty from one ind
21、ividual to another （ D） young couples without love will develop feelings of affection after marriage 25 What does the word “ineligible“ in para. 1 mean?_ （ A） improper （ B） unqualified （ C） indecent （ D） dangerous 26 People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect
22、that unprecedented change in the nations economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was
23、a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nations labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits. Although the birth rate continued to, decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centurie
24、s, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility downward as well as upward touched almost everyone. L
25、ocal studies indicate that nearly three-quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, “Social atomization affected e
26、very segment of society“, and it seemed to many people that “all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded.“ Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify
27、social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tra
28、nquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The in
29、timacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives. 26 What does the passage mainly discuss?_ （ A） The economic development of the United States in the eighteenth century （ B） Ways in which economic deve
30、lopment led to social changes in the United States （ C） Population growth in the western United States （ D） The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the Unites States 27 According to the passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United States_ （ A） emigrated
31、 to other countries （ B） often settled in the West （ C） tended to change the place in which they lived （ D） had a higher rate of birth than ever before 28 Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?_ （ A） A highly conservative society that was resistant to new i
32、deas （ B） A society that was undergoing fundamental change （ C） A society that had been gradually changing since the early 1700s （ D） A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements 29 Which of the following is not mentioned as an example of the social changes occurring in the United State
33、s after 1821)?_ （ A） Increased social mobility （ B） Increased immigration （ C） Significant movement of population （ D） Strong emphasis on traditional social values 30 With which of the following opinions would the author be likely to agree?_ （ A） Womens lives significantly improved as the United Sta
34、tes economy expanded （ B） Women had more opportunities for employment in the western United States than in other regions （ C） The home after 1820 was a superior social entity to that of the eighteenth century （ D） Increased social fragmentation negatively affected middle class family life 31 A wise
35、man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud A
36、merican way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that
37、 hold civilization together honesty, kindness, and so on-accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law and ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it
38、 on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately, there are still communities smaller towns, usually where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up stan
39、dards that proclaim, In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!“ Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none, he considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, includi
40、ng your life if you enrage hint. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the sch
41、ool that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home. I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from
42、accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it. 31 The wise mans remarks suggest that_ （ A） its unnecessary for good peop
43、le to do anything in face of evil （ B） its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it （ C） its only natural for virtue to defeat evil （ D） its desirable for good men to keep away from evil 32 According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime_ （ A） society is to be h
44、eld responsible （ B） modem civilization is responsible for it （ C） the criminal himself should bear the blame （ D） the standards of living should be improved 33 Compared with those in small.towns, people in large cities have_ （ A） less self-discipline （ B） better sense of discipline （ C） more mutual
45、 respect （ D） less effective government 34 The writer is sorry to have noticed that_ （ A） people in large cities tend to excuse criminals （ B） people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards （ C） todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty （ D） people in disadvantaged ci
46、rcumstances are engaged in criminal activities 35 The main idea of the passage is that_ （ A） stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families （ B） more good examples should be set for people to follow （ C） more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behavior （ D） more people shoul
47、d accept the value of accountability 36 It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in
48、 the trunk, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rode and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the role. Perhaps the situation calls for a Be Kind to Other Drivers campaign, otherwise i
49、t may get completely out of hand. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptations to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly and or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of p
