1、Designation: C985M 15C985M 15aStandard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Specified Strength Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe designed for specified strengths
3、and intended to be used for theconveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C985.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include require
4、ments for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load conditions and the designated strength of the pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance ofthis product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the
5、installation conforms to the constructionspecifications. The owner of the concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the pipe strength specifiedand provide inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Sp
6、ecification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteC33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specificati
7、on for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural
8、Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Rei
9、nforced Concrete and ShotcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance
10、4.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall be determined in accordance with Section 9. After the pipe design has beenaccepted, or if the pipe design has been accepted previously in accordance with Section 9, production pipe shall be accepted inaccordance with 4.2.1 This specification is under th
11、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved April 15, 2015Oct. 1, 2015. Published May 2015October 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edi
12、tion approved in 20132015 asC985M 13.C985M 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0985M-15.10.1520/C0985M-15A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summa
13、ry page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends
14、that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Acceptance on th
15、e Basis of Pipe Load and Material Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for DefectsDetermine inaccordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 11.NOTE 2It is necessary that samples be selected at random. For guidance, see Practice E105.4.3 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready for acceptance wh
16、en it conforms to the requirements as indicated bythe specified tests.5. Design and Manufacturing Data5.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following information regarding the pipe unless waived by the owner:5.1.1 Basis of acceptance and supporting data,5.1.2 Designated pipe strength,5.1.3 Physical
17、 CharacteristicsDiameter, wall thickness, laying length, and joint details,5.1.4 Admixtures,5.1.5 Manufacturing and curing process, and5.1.6 Handling Reinforcement:5.1.6.1 Type of reinforcement, applicable reinforcement specification, and grade.5.1.6.2 Placement, placement tolerance, diameter, spaci
18、ng and cross-sectional area of circumferential, longitudinal, and specialreinforcement.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials:6.1.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.6.1.2 Cementitious Materials:6.1.2.1 CementCement sh
19、all conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150, or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP p
20、ortland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.1.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.1.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars (GGBFS)Slag CementGGBFS Slagcement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 o
21、r 120 of Specification C989C989/C989M.6.1.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:(1) Portland cement only,(2) Portland blast furnace blast-furnace slag cement only,(3) Slag modified portland Port
22、land-pozzolan cement only,(4) Portland pozzolan Portland-limestone cement only,(5) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash, or(6) Acombination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag.or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,(7) A combination
23、of Portland Cement, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitiousweight), and Fly Ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slagcement, and fly ash, or(8) A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and
24、fly ash.6.1.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33C33/C33M, except that the requirementfor gradation shall not apply.6.1.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixturesChemical The following admixtures and blends shall conform to Specification areallowable:C494/C494M.6.1.4.1
25、 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.1.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.1.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.1.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6
26、.1.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M for steel wire and welded wire reinforcement, plain and deformed, for concrete. If billet steel is used, it shall be usedconforming to Specification A615/A615M.6.1.6 FibersSynthe
27、tic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to
28、the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall beaccepted.6.1.7 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.6.2 Manufacture:C985M 15a26.2.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportione
29、d, and mixed with cementitious materials, water, andadmixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly-mixed concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the design andtest requirements of this specification.6.2.2 Handling ReinforcementCircumferential handling reinforcement shall be provi
30、ded in all pipe larger than 900 mm indiameter.6.2.2.1 PlacementWhere one line of circular reinforcement is used, it shall be placed between 30 and 50 % of the wallthickness from the inside surface. Where two lines of circular reinforcement are used, each line shall be so placed that theprotective co
31、vering over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the section shall be 25 mm.6.2.2.2 SplicesIf the splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars,and 40 diameters for plain bars and cold-drawn wire. When splices are welded and are no
32、t lapped to the minimum requirementsabove, there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm and pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 50 % of theminimum specified strength of the steel.6.2.2.3 SpacingHandling reinforcements shall be individual hoops or shall be formed into a cage or cag
33、es. It shall bedistributed along the length of the pipe section, or one half of the minimum reinforcement shall be allowed to be placed in eachof the extreme quarters of the length of a 2.4-m or less pipe section, or one third of the minimum reinforcement shall be allowedto be placed in each third o
34、f the length of a longer than 2.4-m pipe section. Additionally, at least 75 % of the minimum area shallbe located not less than one fifteenth of the length of the pipe section from any portion of the joint.6.2.2.4 AreaThe minimum area of circumferential handling reinforcement shall be equal to 0.06
35、(D + t)2 in square mm perm of pipe, where “D” equals the designated diameter in mm and “t” equals the wall thickness in mm.6.2.2.5 Special DesignsThe manufacturer shall be allowed to submit special designs to the owner for approval.Approval shallbe based on structural calculations or on load tests.
36、The minimum ultimate three-edge bearing load shall be equal to the weightof the pipe and shall be sustained by the pipe after cracking at the top, bottom and sides the full length of the pipe. The pipe shallalso meet the strength requirements of Section 7 and Section 10 or 11, or both.6.2.3 JointsTh
37、e joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections arelaid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free from appreciable irregularities in the flowline,all compatible with the permissible variations given in S
38、ection 8.6.2.4 Lift HolesWhen agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes shall be allowed to be provided in each pipe for the purposeof handling.6.3 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option,in concrete pipe as a nonst
39、ructural manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specificallyfor use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Physical Properties7.1 Pipe StrengthPipe strength may be either a designated strength or a cracking
40、 strength. The designated strength is thatspecified as the minimum load required to produce the cracking strength when tested in three-edge bearing in accordance with TestMethods C497M. The cracking strength is the actual maximum load observed in the three-edge bearing test, and shall be assumedto h
41、ave been reached when any continuous visible crack caused by the test load exceeds 300 mm in length measured parallel tothe longitudinal axis of the pipe.NOTE 3For pipe made without handling steel, the designated strength is the minimum load required to produce the ordinary nonreinforced pipe loadat
42、 ultimate failure. For safety reasons, do not look for a visible crack during a three-edge bearing test of pipe without reinforcing.7.2 Test Equipment and FacilitiesThe manufacturer shall furnish, without charge, all samples, facilities, and personnelnecessary to carry out the tests required by this
43、 specification.7.3 Test MethodsThe tests for crushing strength shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497M. When alternativemethods of load testing are specified, tests shall be made in accordance with the alternative requirements.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 Standard Diameter
44、sPipe shall be manufactured in the standard designated internal diameters listed in Table 1.TABLE 1 Standard Designated Internal Diameters, mm100 600 900150 675 1050200 750 1200250 825 1350300 1500375450525C985M 15a3NOTE 4Diameters other than those shown in Table 1 may be available. When such sizes
45、are required, the owner shall contact the manufacturers inthe project area.8.2 Design TolerancesExcept as specified in this section, all permissible design tolerances shall be provided underrequirements in Section 5.8.2.1 Diameter TolerancesThe internal diameter shall not vary from the designated di
46、ameter by more than 65 mm for pipe300 mm in diameter; by more than66 mm for pipe 375 or 450 mm in diameter; by more than68 mm for pipe 525 mm in diameter;by more than 610 mm for pipe 600 to 900 mm in diameter; and by more than 61 % for pipe larger than 900 mm in diameter.8.2.2 Handling Reinforcement
47、 Placement TolerancesThe maximum variation in the nominal position of the reinforcementshall be 6 10 % 610 % of the wall thickness or 616 mm, whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position of thereinforcement exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge bearing s
48、trength requirements are met by arepresentative sample. In no case, however, shall the cover over the circumferential reinforcement be less than 13 mm.8.2.3 Laying Length TolerancesThe length of any section of pipe shall not vary more than 13 mm from a specified ordesignated design length. The lengt
49、h of two opposite sides of any section of pipe shall not vary more than 6 mm or 2 % of thedesignated diameter, whichever is larger.8.2.4 Wall Thickness TolerancesThe wall thickness shall not be less than the thickness specified under 5.1.3 by more than 5 %or 3 mm for pipe 300 to 600 mm in diameter, whichever is greater; and by more than 5 % or 5 mm for pipe larger than 600 mmin diameter, whichever is greater. Localized variations in wall thickness exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if thephysical test requirements specifi
