1、Designation: D1436 97 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Methods forApplication of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates forTesting Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for application ofemulsion floor polish films to suitable
3、 substrates for testingpurposes. Five test methods are covered, as outlined in Section3.1.2 These procedures are limited to use on flat, rigidsubstrates mounted, if necessary, on a nonabsorbent backing.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthes
4、es are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limi
5、tations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 All five of the test methods described will producepolish films from emulsion floor polishes which can be used forvarious performance tests. The choice of test method is left upto the individual laboratory.3. Choice of Test Method3.1 Under actual use c
6、onditions, the thickness of the driedfilm deposited from water emulsion floor polishes ranges from0.03 mil to 0.4 mil. No one laboratory method has been foundthat will produce uniformly thick films throughout this rangeon all substrates. In many cases, the surface roughness andporosity of the substr
7、ate is of the same order of magnitude asthe thickness of the deposited films. Therefore, several alter-native methods have been developed. Unless otherwisespecified, the choice of method of application and substrateshall be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.The characteristics of
8、the five methods are as follows:3.1.1 Method A. Automatic Dip CoaterThis method pro-duces thin films of excellent uniformity on the first coat withsubstrates of low or moderate porosity. Two- or three-coatapplications may produce partial solubility of the earlier coatswith consequent loss of uniform
9、ity.3.1.2 Method B. Hand ApplicatorThis method simulatesuse conditions and produces thin films of satisfactory unifor-mity for many test purposes where the area of the test panel issmall (304.8 by 304.8 mm (12 by 12 in.) or smaller). With largepanels, considerable local nonuniformity of film thickne
10、ss mayresult.3.1.3 Method C. Manual Dip MethodThis method resultsin wedge-shaped films, of moderate thickness, that are thickerat the bottom than at the top of the panel. This method is rapidand results in reproducible films in the center of the test panelwhich are useful for comparison tests and fo
11、r tests involvingthe surface properties of the wax film.3.1.4 Method D. Blade ApplicatorThis method merelyspreads a known volume of emulsion over a known surfacearea. The uniformity of the resulting film depends on theflatness of the substrate, the surface tension of the emulsion,and the interfacial
12、 tension between the emulsion and thesubstrate. The method is satisfactory for producing thick tomoderately thin films. Some practice and familiarity with themethod are necessary to produce uniform thin films.3.1.5 Method E. Pour SurfaceThis method covers pouringa small amount of polish over a tile
13、held at a 45 angle andallowing it to flow uniformly down the tile and coating it.Afterthe polish is poured and the bottom bead forms, it is wiped offand allowed to dry. The method is satisfactory for producingthick films for slip resistance testing.4. Standard Conditions4.1 The materials and apparat
14、us shall be permitted to cometo equilibrium in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of50 6 4 % and a temperature of 23.8 6 1.1C (75 6 2F).4.2 The application of the emulsion floor polish shall becarried out under the conditions specified in 4.1.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of A
15、STM Committee D21 onPolishes and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on PerformanceTests.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1436 97(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D1436-97R15.Copyright ASTM Inter
16、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TEST METHOD A. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH BY THE AUTOMATIC DIP COATER5. Apparatus5.1 Automatic Dip CoaterThe automatic dip coater shallconsist of a mechanism that will withdraw a panel from a tanko
17、f the emulsion at a predetermined rate. A suitable apparatus2consists of a constant-speed motor to which a pulley isattached. The diameter of the pulley is such that the cord andhook assembly attached to it will have a speed of 101.6 mm (4in.)/min. The speed of withdrawal is kept uniform and is lowe
18、rthan that at which the coating drains. The test substrate must bewithdrawn from the test solution entirely free of vibration.5.2 Dip Tank, any tank with cover suitable for immersion ofthe substrate into the emulsion. The substrate must not touchthe sides of the tank during withdrawal.6. Procedure6.
19、1 Place the test substrate on the hook and lower itsufficiently into the dip tank to coat the panel to the desiredarea, using the cord. Place the other end of the cord around thepulley and give it one complete turn about the pulley. Attachthe counterbalance and start the motor.6.2 Following withdraw
20、al from the emulsion, suspend thesubstrate on the hook or place it in a vertical position for 24 hunder standard conditions.TEST METHOD B. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH WITH A HAND APPLICATOR7. Apparatus7.1 Balance, capacity 50 g, with an accuracy of 60.05 g.7.2 Pipet, Mohr, 5-mL, graduated in
21、 0.1-mL divisions.7.3 Applicator, consisting of absorbent soft cheeseclothwashed to remove sizing, cut into 51-mm (2-in.) strips offour-ply cloth, trimmed to weigh 0.60 g, and folded twice.8. Procedure8.1 1.8 mils of polish on a 12 by 12 in. OVCT will usuallyequate to an approximate rate of 2100 ft2
22、/gal.8.2 Pipet the required amount of emulsion onto the center ofthe test panel. Place a cheesecloth strip over the solution andallow it to absorb the emulsion. Distribute the emulsion evenlyover the surface; then draw the cheesecloth downward once inseparate strokes until the entire panel is crosse
23、d with no morepressure than is exerted by the weight of the hand. Immediatelyplace the used cheesecloth in a ground-glass stoppered, taredweighing bottle, weigh, and calculate and record the net weightof the used wet applicator.8.3 To ensure a constant film thickness, the weight of thespent applicat
24、ors should not vary by more than 0.15 g. If theweight variation exceeds 0.15 g, the test panel should bediscarded.8.4 Dry the coated substrates for 18 to 24 h under standard-conditions before testing.9. Calculation9.1 Assuming 1 mL of the emulsion as equal to 1 g,calculate the weight of emulsion app
25、lied to the test panel asfollows:Weight of emulsion on test panel, g 5 A10.60! 2 B (1)where:A = total weight of emulsion applied on applicator and testpanel, g, andB = weight of used wet applicator, g.TEST METHOD C. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH FILMS BY MANUAL DIP10. Apparatus10.1 Dip Tank, a
26、ny tank with cover suitable for immersionof the substrate into the emulsion.11. Procedure11.1 Immerse the substrate completely into the dip tankcontaining the emulsion to be tested for 1 min. Then withdrawthe substrate as quickly as possible without touching the sidesof the vessel, and place in a ve
27、rtical position and allow to dryunder standard conditions for 24 h.11.2 If a two-coat application is required, reverse thesubstrate in drain drying so as to equalize the film thickness.TEST METHOD D. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH FILM BY THE BLADEAPPLICATOR12. Apparatus12.1 Blade Applicator, 5
28、1-mm (2-in.) wide, sharp-edge,metal or plastic blade with a clearance of 0.203 mm (0.008 in.)(see Fig. 1).12.2 Pipet, Mohr, 5-mL with 0.1-mL graduations.2On this equipment, the largest spindle is used.Metric Equivalentsin. 0.00818 114 2mm 0.203 3 32 51FIG. 1 Blade ApplicatorD1436 97 (2015)213. Proce
29、dure13.1 Drop the proper quantity (see Note 1) of the emulsionsample onto the substrate that has been carefully leveled.Touch the center of the doctor blade applicator to the emulsion.Move the applicator from side to side so that the emulsioncovers the entire sharp edge. Spread the emulsion rapidly
30、withthe applicator held vertically over a length of 4 in. (101.6 mm)by moving the applicator back and forth to produce a uniformcoat 51 by 101.6 mm (2 by 4 in.), removing the applicator atthe center of a stroke.NOTE 1The approximate relationship of quantity of floor polishapplied to floor area cover
31、ed is as follows:0.1 mL over 8 in.2. 2103 ft2/gal0.2 mL over 8 in.2. 1051 ft2/gal0.4 mL over 8 in.2. 526 ft2/gal13.2 Allow the resultant film to dry 24 h under standardconditions.TEST METHOD E. APPLICATION OF EMULSIONFLOOR POLISH BY POUR SURFACE14. Procedure14.1 Pour a small quantity (10 to 15 mL) o
32、f polish over thesubstrate which is held at a 45 angle. After pouring the polishon the surface and it is uniformly distributed, wipe off the beadformed at the bottom and allow to dry.14.2 Allow the resultant film to dry 24 h under standardconditions.15. Precision and Bias15.1 Each test method will p
33、roduce replicate films from apolish sample. The same application method should be usedthroughout a test series in order to obtain film uniformity.15.2 Since there is no accepted reference material suitablefor this test method for measuring the application of emulsionfloor polishes to substrates for
34、testing purposes, bias has notbeen determined.16. Keywords16.1 application; applicator; blade applicator; cheesecloth;dip coater; emulsion; film; polishes; substrate; waxASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin
35、 this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and mus
36、t be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
37、responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
38、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 97 (2015)3
