1、Designation: D 2103 08Standard Specification forPolyethylene Film and Sheeting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the classification of polyethyl-ene film a
3、nd sheeting up to 0.3 mm (0.012 in.) in thickness,inclusive. The film or sheeting may contain additives for theimprovement of the surface properties, pigments, or stabilizers,or combinations thereof.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in brackets are for
4、 information only.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish a
5、ppropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.4 This specification allows for the use of recycled poly-ethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as longas all the requirements as governed by the producer and enduser ar
6、e also met (see Note 1).NOTE 1Guide D 5033 describes terminology and definitions relatedto recycled plastics.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 618 Practice for Cond
7、itioning Plastics for TestingD 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent P
8、lasticsD 1434 Test Method for Determining Gas PermeabilityCharacteristics of Plastic Film and SheetingD 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Filmby the Free-Falling Dart MethodD 1746 Test Method for Transparenc
9、y of Plastic SheetingD 1893 Test Method for Blocking of Plastic Film3D 1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients ofFriction of Plastic Film and SheetingD 1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance ofPlastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum MethodD 1938 Test Method for Tear-Propaga
10、tion Resistance(Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by aSingle-Tear MethodD 2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films andSolid PlasticsD 2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethyleneand Polypropylene FilmsD 2839 Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Deter-mining D
11、ensity of PolyethyleneD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4321 Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic FilmD 4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD 4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding andExtrusion Materia
12、lsD 5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relat-ing to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics3E 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsF 1249 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission RateThrough Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a ModulatedInfrared Sensor3. Terminology3.1
13、 Definitions:3.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the definitions of plasticsused in this specification are in accordance with TerminologyD 883.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film andSheeting.Curr
14、ent edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 2103 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volum
15、e information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Spec
16、ific to This Standard:3.2.1 treatedsurface characteristics of the sheet or filmhave been modified by flame, corona discharge, or other meansto promote the adhesion of inks, etc.3.2.2 yieldthe area provided by a given weight of film orsheeting of specified thickness.4. Classification4.1 The film and
17、sheeting covered in this specification shallbe designated by a type number, composed by listing thedesired cell limit for each of the five properties, in the ordershown in Table 1.NOTE 3Examples of this classification system are as follows:With this type of classification it is possible to assemble
18、on paper a combinationof properties that is impossible to obtain with the present state of technology. Apurchaser using this specification for the first time will probably find it necessaryto contact material suppliers to learn what materials are commercially available.4.2 In cases where surface tre
19、atment is specified by thepurchaser, the test method must be agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller. The recommended test to measure thedegree of surface treatment is Test Method D 2578.5. General Requirements5.1 AppearanceThe material shall have appearance quali-ties conforming with those
20、produced by good commercialpractice. It shall be as free as commercially possible of gels,streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matter, and undispersedraw material. There shall be no other visible defects such asholes, tears, or blisters. The edges shall be free of nicks andcuts visible to the una
21、ided eye. There shall be no visibleevidence of damage from shipping.5.2 Thickness TolerancesThe point-to-point thicknesstolerances of the film or sheeting covered in this specificationshall be nominal 620 %.5.3 Yield TolerancesThe actual yield of film or sheetingcovered in this specification shall b
22、e within the tolerance limitsof the nominal yield as prescribed in Table 2. In cases whereeach roll, blanket, or unit of production is packaged andmarked by the producer as the ultimate consumer sales unitwith stated dimensions, the single-roll tolerances for yield shallapply.5.4 Width TolerancesThe
23、 tolerance for width shall be63.2 mm (0.13 in.)/ft of nominal width except that thetolerance shall be not less than 63.2 mm (0.13 in.).5.5 LengthFor unit consumption the length of film orsheeting per roll shall be within +4, -0 % of the length asmarked, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and th
24、eseller. Each roll shall be in one piece, except that it ispermissible for no more than 20 % of the rolls in any oneshipment to contain a maximum of three pieces. Such rollsshall be clearly labeled.6. Detail Requirements6.1 The film or sheeting shall conform to the requirementsof Table 1 as indicate
25、d by the type designation.6.2 The film and sheeting shall not be blocked excessivelyas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7. Sampling7.1 Samples of film or sheeting sufficient to determineconformance to this specification shall be taken at random.8. Test Methods8.1 ConditioningConditio
26、n the test specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) for not less than 40 h prior to test inTABLE 1 Type NumbersPropertyOrderNumberProperty 0 1 2 3 4 5 Units1 DensityAunspecified 0.910300 g3 Coefficient of friction unspecified 0.70 . .4 Haze unspecified 9.0 . . .5 Nominal thickness unspecifiedCDEFGmm (in.)A
27、Annealed density of molded plaques or Melt Index extrudates.BF50 (Results of a recent round robin have shown the equivalency of these two procedures.)C0.0254 (0.0010).D0.02540.0508 (0.00100.0020)E0.05080.1016 (0.00200.0040)F0.10160.1778 (0.00400.0070)G0.1778#0.3048 (0.0070#0.0120)D2103082accordance
28、with Specification D 4976 for those tests whereconditioning is required. In cases of disagreement, the toler-ances shall be 61C (61.8F) and 62 % relative humidity.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) in accordancewith Specification D 4976 u
29、nless otherwise specified in the testmethods or in this specification. In cases of disagreement, thetolerance shall be 61C (61.8F).8.3 In addition, for films containing hydrophilic fillers,co-monomers, pigments or other modifiers, conditioning andtesting shall be done at 50 6 10 % relative humidity.
30、 In casesof disagreement, the tolerance shall be 65 % relative humidity.8.4 DensityDetermine the annealed density of the moldedplaques or melt index extrudate as specified in SpecificationD 4976. Plaques shall be compression molded in accordancewith Practice D 4703, Annex A1, Procedure C. If melt in
31、dexextrudate is used, it shall be prepared in accordance withPractice D 2839.8.5 Impact StrengthTest the film or sheeting for impactstrength in accordance with Test Methods D 1709, Test MethodA, reporting the results in grams at nominal thickness, exceptreport the results in grams per mil. This test
32、 method is notapplicable to impact strengths greater than 300 g. Run impactstrengths of greater than 300 g in accordance with Test MethodB of Test Methods D 1709.NOTE 4The impact resistance of polyethylene film, while partlydependent on thickness, has no simple correlation with sample thickness.Henc
33、e, impact values expressed in grams cannot be normalized over arange of thicknesses without producing misleading data as to the actualimpact resistance of the material. Data from these methods are comparableonly for comparing specimens that vary in thickness by no more than625 % from the nominal or
34、average thickness of the specimens tested.8.6 Coeffcient of Friction, KineticDetermine the kineticcoefficient of friction in accordance with Test Method D 1894.8.7 HazeDetermine the haze of the film or sheeting inaccordance with Test Method D 1003.8.8 TreatmentDesignate the film or sheeting simply a
35、suntreated or treated in accordance with 3.2.1.8.9 ThicknessThe thickness of the film and sheeting shallmeet the requirements in 5.2 when measured in accordancewith Test Method D 374 using Method A, B, C, or D, asappropriate for the specimen thickness, using appropriateapparatus as described and cal
36、ibrated in accordance with theapplicable sections of Test Methods D 374, unless otherwisespecified.8.9.1 Test SpecimensFive specimens, at least 5 by 5 cm (2by 2 in.) in area, taken randomly across the width of the rollshall be tested. At least one set of specimens shall be measuredfrom each roll bei
37、ng tested.8.10 YieldCalculate the actual yield using Test MethodD 4321.8.10.1 Calculate the nominal yield using Test MethodD 4321 and the unannealed film density. Determine the unan-nealed film density in accordance with Test Method D 1505,using three specimens after conditioning in accordance withP
38、rocedure A of Practice D 618.8.10.2 Calculate the deviation of the actual yield from thenominal yield as follows:D 5 Ya2 Yn!/Yn# 3 100 (1)where:D = deviation from the nominal yield, %,Ya= measured yield, m2/kg (in.2/lb), andYn= nominal yield, m2/kg (in.2/lb).8.11 BlockWhen required, test the block o
39、f the film orsheeting in accordance with Test Method D 1893.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 PackagingThe material shall be packaged in standardcommercial containers, so constructed as to ensure acceptanceby common or other carriers for transportation at the lowestrate to the point of delivery, u
40、nless otherwise specified in thecontract or order.9.2 MarkingShipping containers shall be marked with thename, ASTM type in accordance with this specification,thickness, width, and weight of the film or sheeting containedtherein, as defined by the contract or order under which theshipment is made, t
41、he name of the manufacturer, and thecontract order number.9.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.10. Keywords10.1 ethylene plastics; polyethylene film; polyethylene plas-tics; polyethylene sheeting; recyclingTABLE 2 Yield TolerancesNumb
42、er of Rolls Tolerance, %Single rolls and lots up to and including 25 rolls 610Lots over 25 rolls and up to and including 100 rolls 65Lots over 100 rolls 63D2103083APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. OTHER PROPERTIES (OPTIONAL)X1.1 Other properties that may be used to characterizepolyethylene fil
43、m and sheeting are as follows:X1.1.1 Tensile Strength and ElongationWhen tensilestrength and elongation are to be measured, test in accordancewith Test Methods D 882. It is important that these propertiesbe measured in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.X1.1.2 Tear StrengthWhen required
44、, determine the tearstrength in accordance with Test Method D 1938 or TestMethod D 1922, as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.X1.1.3 Water Vapor TransmissionDetermine the watervapor transmission of polyethylene film and sheeting, whennecessary, in accordance with Test Methods E 96, Pro
45、cedure Eor Test Method F 1249, as agreed upon between the purchaserand the seller.X1.1.4 Gas TransmissionDetermine the gas transmissionthrough polyethylene film and sheeting, when necessary, inaccordance with Test Method D 1434 or specific methods forthe gases of interest, as agreed upon between the
46、 purchaser andseller.X1.1.5 OdorWhen required, rate the film and sheetingodor as satisfactory or unsatisfactory when compared to anodor standard. The odor standard and test method shall beagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.X1.1.6 GlossDetermine the gloss of polyethylene filmand sheetin
47、g, when necessary, in accordance with Test MethodD 2457. Sample preparation and test method shall be agreedupon between the purchaser and the seller.X1.1.7 TransparencyDetermine the transparency, whenrequired, in accordance with Test Method D 1746. Thesespecular transmittance data correlate with “se
48、e-through” clar-ity.X1.1.8 FlatnessWhen required, rate the film or sheetingfor degree of flatness. The test method and the degree offlatness shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.X2. ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINATION OF AVERAGE THICKNESSX2.1 ThicknessThis method for thickne
49、ss determinationis to be used as a referee method for average thickness and isespecially suitable for use in determining the average thicknessfor embossed film and sheeting. For routine testing or specifi-cation, standard dead weight methods shall be used.X2.1.1 ApparatusThe apparatus shall consist of the fol-lowing:(1) Analytical Balance, equipped with pan straddle or otherstationary support, sensitive to 0.0005 g,(2) Class S Weights,(3) Beaker, 250-mL,(4) Fine Thread or Wire, nonabsorbent,(5) Thermometer, 0 to 100C, graduate
