1、Designation: D2423 90 (Reapproved 2012)1Standard Test Method forSurface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTERemoved incorrect less than symbol from 11.1.1 editorially in November 2012.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the
3、 weight ofwax on the surface of waxed paper.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
4、 the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Produ
5、ct(Withdrawn 2010)3D646 Test Method for Grammage of Paper and Paperboard(Mass Per Unit Area) (Withdrawn 2010)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 basis weight of paper, nbasis weight is expressed ingrams per square metre. In countries where the metric systemis not universal, basis weight is also exp
6、ressed in pounds perream.3.1.2 ream of paper (news and wrapping), n500 sheetseach 610 by 914 mm (24 by 36 in.).3.1.2.1 DiscussionFor factors to convert basis weight ingrams per square metre to other commercial reams, see TestMethod D646.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The quantity of wax present as a s
7、urface film on paperor paperboard is determined through the difference in weight ofspecimens before and after scraping with a razor blade.5. Significance and Use5.1 Many of the functional properties of waxed paper andpaperboard are related to the amount of wax present as asurface film. Test methods
8、which determine wax load bysolvent extraction do not differentiate between the wax presentas a surface wax layer and that which has penetrated into thesubstrate. This test method, which mechanically removes thewax, measures the amount on each surface of the substrate.6. Apparatus6.1 Pad of paper to
9、be used as a cushion under the waxedpaper specimens during the scraping operation.6.2 Analytical Balance, capable of reproducing weights tothe nearest 0.001 g.6.3 Razor Blade, single-edged for scraping the wax from thespecimen.6.4 Trimming Board, or other device for cutting paperspecimens. A paper c
10、utter having an attachment for ensuringparallelism of the opposite edge of the trimmed sheet, or atemplate, or a die cutter is recommended.6.5 Measuring Device, capable of measuring the size of thespecimen to an accuracy 0.5 mm.7. Sampling7.1 Select samples that are free of wrinkles, cuts, or otherd
11、efects in accordance with Practice D585.8. Procedure8.1 Prepare a specimen consisting of a 100 by 100-mmsquare of waxed paper. Determine the area (in square millime-tres) of each specimen to the nearest 1.0 % of its total area.8.2 Weigh the specimen on the analytical balance to thenearest 0.5 % of i
12、ts total weight.8.3 Remove the surface wax from one side of the specimen(side No. 1) by scraping toward each of its four edges as1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical
13、/Chemical Properties.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2423 90(2007).DOI: 10.1520/D2423-90R12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
14、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
15、cken, PA 19428-2959. United States1follows: Hold the specimen firmly on the pad to preventslippage. With a razor blade held vertically, scrape the entirearea of one side of the specimen with repeated one-directionalstrokes of the blade, slightly overlapping the strokes. Rotate thespecimen through 90
16、 and repeat the scraping. Continuerotating and scraping twice more to complete the process.8.4 Reweigh the specimen as described in 8.2. Record theweight of the specimen as the scraped basis weight side No. 1.8.5 Remove the surface wax from side No. 2 of thespecimen by scraping as described in 8.3.8
17、.6 Reweigh the specimen and record the weight as thescraped basis weight side No. 2.9. Calculation9.1 The surface wax weight is determined by weight differ-ence. The weight of surface wax on side No. 1 of the sample isthe difference between the initial weight and the scrapedweight side No. 1. The we
18、ight of the surface wax on side No.2 of the sample is the difference between the scraped weightside No. 2 and the scraped weight side No. 1. Multiply theweight in grams per square millimetre by 106to convert tograms per square metre.10. Report10.1 Report the surface wax weight in grams per squaremet
19、re. To convert from grams per square metre to pounds perream, see Test Method D646. To obtain results in terms ofpounds per 1000 ft2, multiply the grams per square metre by0.205.11. Precision and BiasNOTE 1The precision data were obtained on five replicate specimens(in each laboratory) on samples of
20、 commercially waxed paper with aweight range of between 3.25 and 9.76 g/m2(2 and 6 lb/3000 ft2)ofwaxon each surface.11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as deter-mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:11.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two testres
21、ults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following values only in one casein twenty:0.976 g/m20.6 lb/ream! (1)11.1.2 Reproducibili
22、tyThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:1.46 g/m20.9 lb
23、/ream! (2)11.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the surface wax on waxed paper or paperboard can bedefined only in terms of a test method.12. Keywords12.1 paper; paperboard; waxASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conne
24、ction with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsi
25、ble technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful co
26、nsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
27、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2423 90 (2012)12
