1、Designation: D3147 06 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method for TestingStop-Leak Additives for Engine Coolants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers screening proc
3、edures for thepreliminary evaluation of leak-stopping materials intended foruse in engine cooling systems. (Heavy-duty users are referredto X1.2.21 in Specification D4485 for additional information.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses
4、are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prio
5、r to use. Specific warningstatements are given in 10.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-tions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 leakingfrequent dr
6、ops forming (more than 5 drops/min).3.1.2 sealedcompletely plugged with no leaking or seep-ing.3.1.3 seepingoccasional drops forming (fewer than 5drops/min).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Aheated test solution is circulated through a pressurizedcubical metal reservoir which contains a slit and holes t
7、osimulate leaks in an engine cooling system. The effectivenessof the stop-leak material is measured by its ability to seal theleaks under the prescribed conditions of flow rate, temperature,pressure, and time.4.2 The presence of particles in the test material that arelarger than 0.84 mm (0.033 in.)
8、or the presence of gumming orgelling in stop-leak additives is determined by screening a testsolution through a 850-m (U.S. No. 20) standard sieve. Thescreening is done both before and after the circulating test.Particles that remain on the sieve may be too large to passthrough some passages of the
9、cooling system.5. Significance and Use5.1 The screening procedures simulate the conditions oftemperature, pressure, and circulation encountered in service.This test method will indicate whether a product is suitable forfurther evaluation in vehicles.6. Apparatus (See Fig. 1)6.1 Reservoir:6.1.1 The r
10、eservoir shall be constructed of stainless steel,aluminum, or brass, 260 by 175 by 260-mm (10 by 7 by 10 in.)high, and the total capacity of the assembled unit shall bebetween 12 and 13.5 L (3.2 to 3.6 gal). The reservoir shall havea 20-mm (34-in.) flange at the top, to which a cover plate isfitted.
11、6.1.2 The reservoir and cover shall have a minimum thick-ness of 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) in order to withstand a pressure of140 kPa (20 psi).6.1.3 A drain shall be located either on one side or thebottom of the reservoir to facilitate drainage of the testsolution. The reservoir outlet to the circulating p
12、ump (suctionside) shall be located near the bottom of Side C. The reservoirinlet from the circulating pump (discharge side) shall belocated near the top of Side D. A13-mm (12-in.) elbow shall bewelded to the reservoir inlet opening (inner surface of Side D)so that the liquid flow is directed towards
13、 Side A.6.1.4 The cover plate of the reservoir shall be attached withbolts and sealed with neoprene gasket material. Openingsaccommodate a pressure gage (0 to 10 kPa (0 to 30 psi)minimum)/vent valve assembly.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and Rela
14、ted Fluids and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD15.09 on Simulated Service Tests.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3147 06. DOI:10.1520/D3147-06R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
15、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unite
16、d States16.1.5 Openings, 64 by 64 mm (212 by 212 in.), centered onSide A and Side B accommodate test plates (as described inSection 7). An inlet for regulated air at 103 6 14 kPa (15 6 2psi) and a thermocouple probe are shown in Side C.6.1.6 A liquid collection pan or pans shall be placed underthe r
17、eservoir in a position that will allow collection of coolantthat has leaked from test openings during operation of theapparatus. A transparent safety shield shall enclose the reser-voir fully. This shield will be arranged to deflect any spray intothe collection pans. The safety shield must be in pla
18、ce any timethe reservoir is hot or pressurized, or both.6.2 Circulation Pump,3capable of circulating a minimum of30 L (8 gal) of water per minute against zero head pressure,shall be used. The packing seal of the pump shall be capable ofwithstanding 140 kPa (20 psi) and 104C (220F). Inlet andoutlet c
19、onnections shall be not less than12 in. (12 mm)standard water pipe.6.3 Heating Element, shall be of the immersion cartridgetype and shall have a power rating of approximately 1500 W.It shall be installed above the suction pipe of the circulationpump and shall be capable of heating the filled system
20、to 88C(190F). A temperature controller shall be used with thethermocouple to control power to the heating element andcoolant temperature. An electrical pressure switch should alsobe used to interrupt power to the heater, in the event that excesspressure is generated.6.4 The reservoir should be equip
21、ped with a suitable pres-sure relief valve to prevent an over-pressure in the event of aproblem with the regulated air source.3An Eastern Industries Model P34C, manufactured by Eastern IndustriesDivision Laboratory for Electronics Inc., 1525 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE19803, and a Graingers catalog
22、ue pump No. IP787 have been used successfully.A,B,C,DSides of reservoir RRegulated air, 103 kPa (15 psi)GPressure gage, 0-210 kPa, (0-30 psi) vent valve TThermocouple foil, temperature controller, and wellHBrass test section, holes VFill opening (ball valve)SBrass test section, slit WPressure relief
23、 valve, 137 kPa (20 psi)FIG. 1 Leak Test ApparatusD3147 06 (2013)26.5 A means of interrupting power to the heater in the eventof excessive fluid loss or overheating is necessary.6.6 U.S.A. Standard Testing Sieve, per SpecificationE1195, 850 m in an 8 in. (203 mm) or 10 in. (254 mm) FHframe.7. Test P
24、lates (See Fig. 2)7.1 The test plates shall be constructed of solid brass plates,102 by 102 by 0.20 to 0.25 mm (4 by 4 by 0.008 to 0.010 in.),with bolt holes for attachment to the reservoir. Neoprene gasketmaterial shall be used to seal the plates. A complete set shallconsist of fifteen plates: two
25、plates without test holes or slits,six plates with one slit each 12.7 mm long by 0.127, 0.254,0.381, 0.508, 0.635 and 0.762 mm wide, respectively (0.5 in.long by 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025 and 0.030 in.) (Note1), six plates with three holes each of the same size 0.127,0.254, 0.381, 0.508, 0.6
26、35 and 0.762 mm (0.005, 0.010, 0.015,0.020, 0.025 and 0.030 in.) in diameter, and one plate withnine holes three holes 0.254-mm (0.010-in.) diameter, threeholes 0.508-mm (0.020-in.) diameter, and three holes0.762-mm (0.030-in.) diameter, bored on a diagonal across theplate so that drainage from one
27、hole will not flow acrossanother hole.NOTE 1Alternatively, a single plate may be used with provision forvarying the slit size with a shim arrangement.8. Test Solutions8.1 Stop Leak Material Added to WaterAdd the amount ofstop leak material recommended by the manufacturer todistilled water. Mix the s
28、olution well before testing.8.2 Stop Leak Material Added to Engine CoolantConcentratePrepare a 3313 %(Note 2) solution (by volume)of engine coolant using distilled water as the diluent. Add theamount of stop leak material recommended by the manufac-turer. Mix the solution well before testing.NOTE 2A
29、lternatively, a 50 % (by volume) solution or other dilutionsmay be used upon mutual consent of the parties involved.A3 holes of appropriate diameterBOne 12.7-mm (18-in.) slit of appropriate widthC9 holes3 each 0.254, 0.508, and 0.762 mm (0.010, 0.020, and 0.030 in.) in diameter (bored on a diagonal)
30、 so that drainage from onehole will not flow across another holeDSolidFIG. 2 Brass Test PanelsD3147 06 (2013)39. Sampling9.1 The engine coolant shall be sampled in accordance withTest Method D1176.10. Procedure10.1 Warningthe following procedures involve workingwith hot fluids and equipment. Review
31、your intended proce-dure and the use of personal protective equipment with this inmind.10.2 Particle Examination:10.2.1 Stop-Leak Material Added to Water:10.2.1.1 Place 200 mL of the test solution prepared in 8.1 ina 400-mL beaker. Heat the contents of the beaker to 88C(190F) while stirring, and all
32、ow the beaker to stand for 10min.10.2.1.2 Again heat to 88C (190F), stir until the contentsare thoroughly mixed, and pour the contents through a 850-m(U.S. No. 20) standard sieve.10.2.1.3 Rinse the beaker and sieve with 200 to 300 mL ofhot 88C (190F) distilled water.10.2.1.4 Examine the sieve for an
33、y retained particles and forevidence of gumming or gelling. Record any observations.10.3 Leak Tests:10.3.1 Initial Screening Test:10.3.1.1 Assemble the test unit with the solid test platebolted over the opening on Side B and with the nine-holescreen test plate bolted over the opening on Side A, with
34、 thelargest holes at the top. Bolt the top of the reservoir to the testunit.10.3.1.2 Prepare the test solution according to the productmanufacturers recommendation. For example, a silica-basedstop leak material may need to be tested in straight tap water,while most conventional stop leak materials a
35、re normallytested in a water/coolant mixture. Fill the unit with premixedtest solution, and then withdraw 500 mL (Note 3).10.3.1.3 Close the fill valve and vent valve, and then startthe circulation pump.Adjust the pressure regulator gradually tobring the pressure in the test unit to 103 6 15 kPa (15
36、 6 2 psi).Determine the largest hole size on the screen test plate in whichleakage was stopped.10.3.1.4 Turn off the circulation pump and air regulator. Usethe vent valve to gradually release the pressure in the unit.Drain the test unit, and remove the test plates. Clear all screentest plate opening
37、s.10.3.2 Final Leak Test:10.3.2.1 Reassemble the test unit with the plates containingholes and slot one size larger than the holes plugged on thescreen test plate. For example, if the 0.508-mm (0.020-in.)holes were plugged on the screen test, but not the 0.762-mm(0.030-in.) holes, start the final le
38、ak test with the plates with the0.635-mm (0.025-in.) holes and slot. Install the plate with theholes on Side A and the plate with the slot on Side B.10.3.2.2 Make sure vent valves are open and drain valvesare closed, and fill the unit with pre-mixed solution. Keep inmind the volume of the unit, and
39、leave 500 to 1000 mL of headspace to allow for thermal expansion.NOTE 3Once the capacity of the machine is established, it may befilled with the prescribed amount to bring it to 500 mL less than totallyfull. This will allow for thermal expansion of the test solution.10.3.2.3 Start the circulation pu
40、mp, and turn the heating uniton.10.3.2.4 When the temperature reaches 88 6 3C (190 65F), pressurize the unit gradually with the air regulator to 1036 15 kPa (15 6 2 psi). If the stop leak material is not at allcapable of making a seal in the openings selected, the workingvolume of test solution will
41、 be lost rapidly, down to the levelof the holes and slot. If this is the case, turn the air pressure,heater, and pump off. Replace the test plates with those withsmaller holes or slot, or both, as needed, and restart at 10.3.2.2.Continue changing the plates and restarting the test as needed,until se
42、als are made in both test plates without a total loss of theworking volume of test solution.10.3.2.5 When both plates are sealed successfully, operatethe unit at temperature and pressure for 2 h. Turn the pump andheater off after 2 h. Leave the system under pressure for 16 64h.10.3.2.6 Observe the u
43、nit after 16 6 4 h. Turn the airregulator off, and release any residual pressure with the ventvalve. Record the volume of any additional test solution lost tothe collection pan. Two outcomes are possible: an ineffectiveseal, or an effective seal.(1) The working volume of test solution will have been
44、 lostif an ineffective seal was made. In this case, replace either orboth plates that failed to hold a seal with a plate having one sizesmaller openings, and return to 10.3.2.2.(2) Less than half the working volume of test solution willbe lost if an effective seal was made. If this is the case, adva
45、nceto 10.3.2.7 without refilling.10.3.2.7 Turn the pump and heating unit on. When thetemperature reaches 88 6 4C (190 6 5F), apply pressuregradually to 103 6 15 kPa (15 6 2 psi). Stop the test if eithertest plate fails to maintain a seal so that the entire workingvolume of test solution is lost, and
46、 replace the leaking plate(s)as needed with one size smaller. Return to 10.3.2.2.Advance to10.3.2.8 if less than the total volume of test solution is lost.10.3.2.8 Turn the pump and heating unit off, and release theair pressure. Allow the test solution to cool to room tempera-ture. Pressurize the sy
47、stem gradually to 103 6 15 kPa (15 6 2psi) for 1 h. If continuing leakage causes the complete loss ofworking test solution during this hour, replace the leakingplates with smaller openings, and return to 10.3.2.2.10.3.2.9 Turn the air pressure off and open the vent valveafter 1 h. The leak test is c
48、onsidered complete when theblockages formed in the test plates permit this entire testsequence to be performed without being interrupted by a totalloss of the working volume of test solution. Any step thatcauses a total loss of working test solution will result in a platereplacement and a restart at
49、 10.3.2.2. Record the hole size, slotsize, and cumulative volume of test solution lost during thesuccessfully completed test run.10.3.2.10 Drain the test unit. Remove the reservoir coverand test plates. Clean and flush the unit to remove all particlesof stop leak material. Flush the circulating pump by running itwith clean water. Clean the test plates with scouring powderD3147 06 (2013)4and a bristle brush. Clear all test plate openings, and rinse offall traces of scouring powder.11. Report11.1 Report the following informa
