1、Designation: D3489 11D3489 17Standard Test Methods forMicrocellular Urethane Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the preparation of a standard-size test sample and basic tests for physical property determinationsof microcellular u
3、rethane materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard
4、 to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plas
5、ticsD395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air OvenD575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanize
6、d Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1052 Test M
7、ethod for Measuring Rubber DeteriorationCut Growth Using Ross Flexing ApparatusD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD1630 Test Method for Rubber PropertyAbrasion Resistance (Footwear Abrader)D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD2584 Test Method for Igni
8、tion Loss of Cured Reinforced ResinsD2632 Test Method for Rubber PropertyResilience by Vertical ReboundD3040 Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Standards Related to Rubber and Rubber Testing (Withdrawn 1987)3D3137 Test Method for Rubber PropertyHydrolytic StabilityD3389 Test Method for
9、Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader)D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsD3768 Test Method for Microcellular UrethanesFlexural RecoveryD3769 Test Method for Microcellular UrethanesHigh-Temperature SagG195 Guide for Conductin
10、g Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with plastics issues refer to the terminology contained instandard D883.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct
11、responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011March 1, 2017. Published December 2011March 2017. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20062011as D3489 - 06.D3489 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/D3489-06.10.1520/D
12、3489-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standa
13、rd is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recomm
14、ends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
15、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 microcellular urethanean elastomeric material made by the interaction of a polyol and an organic isocyanate, having celldiameters in the range from 0.0001 to 0.001 mm, with a minimum density of
16、 160 kg/m3 (10 lb/ft3).NOTE 2In the following sections, the term “retaining the molded surfaces” refers to the two major surfaces (faces) of the sample and/or specimensprepared from it and was not meant to include the minor surfaces (ends or sides).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Unless otherwise speci
17、fically stated and agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier, all tests shall be made in accordancewith the methods specified in Sections 7-23, which include test procedures for the following:Tests SectionsDensity 7Tensile Properties 8Tear 9Hardness 10Compression Set 11Compression Deflection 12R
18、esilience 13Abrasion Resistance 14Surface and Core Abrasion 15Heat Aging 16Hydrolytic Resistance 17Cut Growth Resistance 18Impact Strength 19Flexural Modulus 20Ash 21Flexural Recovery 22High-Temperature Sag 235. Significance and Use5.1 Tests made on materials herein prescribed can be of have the pot
19、ential to give considerable value in comparing physicalproperties of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as a basis for writing specifications.5.2 Before proceeding with these test methods, reference should be madeif appropriate, make reference to the specification ofass
20、ociated with the material or product being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, testingparameters, or combination thereof, and testing parameters covered in the ASTM materials or product specification shall takeprecedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If
21、there are no material relevant ASTM specifications, then the defaultconditions apply.6. Sampling6.1 Test samples can are to be made in anya suitable mold. The following three sizes are recommended (length, width, andthickness): 305 by 152 by 3.15 mm (12 by 6 by 18 in.), 305 by 152 by 6.3 mm (12 by 6
22、 by 14 in.), and 305 by 152 by 12.5 mm(12 by 6 by 12 in.).6.2 The procedure used to prepare the test sample relating to component ratios, temperature, mixing direction, moldtemperature, and curing conditions shall conform to the manufacturers recommendations.6.3 The test sample shall be allowed to a
23、ge a minimum of 40 h before testing, at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 %relative humidity.7. Density7.1 Determine the density in accordance with either Test Method D792 or Test Method D1622. Prepare test specimens retainingthe molded surfaces. If using Test Method D1622, report any deviations fro
24、m the specified minimum specimen size.8. Tensile Properties8.1 Determine the tensile properties in accordance with Test Method D412. Cut tension specimens using the DieAor any othersuitable die in accordance with Test Method D412 from the 3.15-mm (18-in.) or 6.3-mm (14-in.) test sample. Retain the m
25、oldedsurfaces.8.2 PrecisionThese precision statements were prepared in accordance with the statistical and other testing terminology andconcepts presented in Practice D3040.8.2.1 The precision of this test method was determined from an interlaboratory study of one microcellular urethane material.One
26、 laboratory made the microcellular urethane material. One laboratory made the microcellular urethane material plaques, andthree laboratories tested the material on two days.8.2.2 Table 1 gives the LQC precision data as obtained in the interlaboratory program. The values given are equivalent to“repea
27、tability” for within laboratories testing and “reproducibility” for among laboratories testing.D3489 1728.2.3 A “test result” is the average result from the testing of three dumbbell specimens.9. Tear9.1 Using Die C, determine the tear strength in accordance with Test Method D624. Cut the specimen f
28、rom the 3.15-mm (18-in.)sample, retaining the molded surface.9.2 Determine the split tear (Type T or trouser tear) strength in accordance with Test Method D624. Cut the Type T specimenfrom the 3.15-mm (18-in.) sample. The direction of tear shall include both molded surfaces.9.3 Determine the block t
29、ear in accordance with Test Methods D3574, except the specimen shall be 19.0 mm (0.75 in.) wideby 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) thick. The tear direction shall be through the core retaining both molded surfaces.10. Hardness10.1 Determine the hardness in accordance with Test Method D2240 on the 6.3-mm (14-in.) t
30、hick sample. The TypeA, or TypeD durometer, or both, shall be used. Report the 5-s drift value and the type durometer used. If the determination is to be made atsubnormal temperatures, condition the instrument at the same temperature. To prevent moisture from damaging the instrument, itis advisable
31、to place the tester directly in a desiccator after removing from the cold box.11. Compression Set11.1 Determine the compression set in accordance with Test Methods D395, Method B, using 22 h at 70C (158F). Cut thespecimen from the 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) sample, retaining the molded surfaces.12. Compressi
32、on Deflection12.1 Determine the compression deflection at 25 % deflection in accordance with Test Method D575, Test Method A. Cut thespecimen from the 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) sample, retaining the molded surfaces. The sample is not preflexed. The initial compressionvalue is reported.13. Resilience13.1 Det
33、ermine the resilience by vertical rebound test in accordance with Test Method D2632. Cut the specimen from the12.5-mm (0.5-in.) sample, retaining the molded surfaces.14. Abrasion Resistance14.1 Determine the surface abrasion resistance by employing a TaberAbraser using the weight (mass) loss procedu
34、re describedin Test Method D3389 with the following parameters: H-18 wheels, vacuum suction force set at maximum, vacuum pickup nozzlegap of 7 6 1 mm and abrading wheel loading of 1000 g per wheel. Conduct test on a 100 mm by 100 mm (4 in. by 4 in.) specimenwith a 6.3 mm (14 in.) center hole either
35、from the 6.3 mm (14 in.) or 12.5 mm (12 in.) sample. If the vacuum lifts the 6.3 mm thickspecimen during the test, retest using a clamping ring with a 105 mm (4 18 in.) diameter circular specimen. Report the mass lossin mg/1000 cycles.NOTE 3Guide G195 is available as a reference for conducting wear
36、tests using a rotary platform, double-head abraser.15. Surface and Core Abrasion15.1 Determine the surface and core abrasion, using the general procedure in Test Method D1630. Cut or mold the specimensfrom the 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) slab to conform to the dimension in Test Method D1630. Mount the specime
37、ns in the specimen holdersand place on the surface of the sandpaper. Set the dial gages at zero and at the end of every 1.25 mm (0.05 in.) of wear, recordthe number of cycles until a total wear of 3.8 mm (0.15 in.) has occurred. Report the number of cycles to wear 1.25 mm as thesurface abrasion (SA
38、50) and the number of cycles to abrade the next 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) as the core abrasion (CA 100).16. Heat Aging16.1 Determine the accelerated heat aging in accordance with Test Method D573 for 2 days at 100C.TABLE 1 LQC Test Precision of Tensile Property TestProperty Mean Within Laboratories Among L
39、aboratoriesS LSD S LSD100 % tensile stress, MPa (psi) 2.2 (324) 0.08 (12) 0.24 (34) 0.13 (19) 0.38 (54)Tensile strength, MPa (psi) 4.3 (624) 0.18 (26) 0.51 (74) 0.24 (35) 0.69 (99)Elongation, 90 % 297 9 25 11 31D3489 17317. Hydrolytic Resistance17.1 Determine the hydrolytic resistance in accordance
40、with Test Method D3137. Report the percent change in tensile strengthin accordance with 7.18.1.17.2 Determine the hydrolytic resistance in a steam autoclave, at Procedure J1 for 3 h at 105 6 3C, or Procedure J2 for 5 hat 125 6 5C120 6 5C in accordance with Test Methods D3574. Report the percent chan
41、ge in tensile strength in accordance with7.18.1.18. Cut Growth Resistance18.1 Determine the cut growth resistance on the Ross Flexing Machine in accordance with Test Method D1052. Cut thespecimens from the 6.3-mm (14-in.) or 12.5-mm (12-in.) thick sample. If subnormal temperature testing is to be do
42、ne, conditionthe specimen for a minimum of 30 min after reaching the specified temperatures before starting the test.19. Impact Strength19.1 Determine the brittle impact properties in accordance with Test Method D256 on the 12.5-mm (12-in.) specimen with themold surface in accordance with Test Metho
43、d A or E at 30C (22F). If no test temperature has been specified, the followingtemperatures are recommended: 10, 25, and 40C ( +14, 13, and 40F).20. Flexural Modulus20.1 Determine flexural modulus, using the general procedure in Test Methods D790, Procedure A.20.2 The following test parameters are r
44、ecommended for microcellular urethanes:20.2.1 Specimen SizeLength 75 6 0.5 mm (3.0 6 0.02 in.), width 25 6 0.5 mm (1.0 6 0.02 in.), and thickness 3.2 6 0.2mm (0.125 6 0.01 in.).20.2.2 Span50 mm (2.0 in.).20.2.3 Rate of Crosshead Motion0.20 6 0.02 mm/s (0.5 in./min).20.2.4 CalculationCalculate the ta
45、ngent modulus of elasticity. See the Calculations section of Test Methods D790. Whencalculating slope, use the steepest tangent as shown in Fig. 1NOTE 4The crosshead rate of 0.2 mm/s (0.5 in./min) differs from the rate of 0.02 mm/s (0.05 in./min) specified in Test Methods D790. Test data haveshown t
46、hat the faster rate provides a lower coefficient of variation than does the slower rate.20.2.5 Condition a specimen at the test temperature for a minimum of 30 min.20.3 Precision:20.3.1 This precision statement has been prepared in accordance with Practice D3040. Please refer to Practice D3040 forte
47、rminology and other testing and statistical concept explanation.20.3.2 These precision data are based on limited data. The number of participating laboratories and property levels tested areincluded in the precision statement summary.20.3.3 For the LQC (Laboratory Quality Control) test precision exp
48、ressed in relative terms, see Table 2.21. Ash21.1 Determine the ignition loss of microcellular urethane in accordance with Test Method D2584.22. Flexural Recovery22.1 Determine the flexural recovery of microcellular urethane in accordance with Test Method D3768.FIG. 1 Determination of Tangent Modulu
49、s of ElasticityD3489 17423. High-Temperature Sag23.1 Determine the heat sag of microcellular urethane in accordance with Test Method D3769.23.2 The length of the specimen, temperature, and time vary in some specifications, which shouldshall be consulted andreferenced when reporting results.24. Report24.1 Report the following information:24.1.1 Complete identification of the material,24.1.2 Test methods used and thickness of specimen, and24.1.3 Any modification of test method or procedure.25. Precision and Bias25.1 Precision
