1、Designation: D 4731 02An American National StandardStandard Specification forHot-Application Filling Compounds for TelecommunicationsWire and Cable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers a variety of petroleum-basedand other compounds used f
3、or filling the air spaces in telecom-munications wires and cables (both electrical and fiber optic)for the purpose of preventing water and other undesirable fluidsfrom entering or migrating through the cable structure. (Forrelated standards see Specifications D 4730 and D 4732).1.2 A hot-application
4、 compound is a material that requiresmelting in order to be applied as a liquid and its melting pointmay affect its performance in the finished cable product.1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and As
5、phalticCompounds2D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup3D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products3D 127 Test Method for Drop Melting Point of PetroleumWax Including Petrolatum3D 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant)
6、of Solid Electrical Insula-tion4D 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating Materials4D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)3D 938 Test Method for Congealing Point of PetroleumWaxes, Including Petrolatum
7、3D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)3D 2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity toSaybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity3D 3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-olefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry5D 3954 T
8、est Method for Dropping Point of Waxes6D 4565 Test Methods for Physical and Environmental Per-formance Properties of Insulations and Jackets for Tele-communications Wire and Cable7D 4568 Test Methods for Evaluating Compatibility Be-tween Cable Filling and Flooding Compounds and Poly-olefin Wire and
9、Cable Materials7D 4730 Specification for Flooding Compounds for Tele-communications Wire and Cable7D 4732 Specification for Cool-Application Filling Com-pounds for Telecommunications Wire and Cable7D 4872 Test Method for Dielectric Testing of Wire andCable Filling Compounds73. Terminology3.1 Definit
10、ions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 filling materialany of several materials used to fillthe air spaces in the cores of multi-conductor insulated wiresand cables, or between buffer tubes covering optical fibers, orwithin such buffer tubes, or any combination of these configu-rations and an
11、y other cable components, for the purpose ofexcluding water and other undesirable fluids; especially withregard to telecommunications wire and cable, including opticalcable, intended for outside aerial, buried, or undergroundinstallations.3.1.2 producerthe primary manufacturer of the material.3.1.3
12、suppliersjobbers and distributors as distinct fromproducers.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings and Coveringsfor Elect
13、rical and Telecommunication Wires and Cables. Subcommittee D02.10contributed in the development of this standard.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originallypublished as D 4731 87. Last previous edition D 473193 (1998).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.3Annual
14、Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
15、9, United States.4. Classification4.1 Two basic types of filling compounds are covered, asfollows:4.1.1 Type IGeneral-purpose filling compounds includeall materials to be used for filling cables that are not requiredto function under electrical stress (for example, all dielectricfiber-optic cable),
16、including filling compounds for fiber-opticloose buffer tubes.4.1.2 Type IIElectrical-type filling compounds includematerials having prescribed electrical properties and used forfilling wires and cables that are required to function fully orpartially under electrical stress (including hybrid fiber-o
17、pticcable).5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:5.1.1 Quantity (mass or volume) of each item,5.1.2 Generic name of the material, such as hot-applicationcable filling material,5.1.3 Type of material: Type I, General Purpose or
18、Type II,Electrical,5.1.4 How Furnished: drums or barrels, tank cars or tanktrucks, and the like,5.1.5 Certification, if required (Section 14).5.1.6 This specification designation, and5.1.7 Any special requirements, as listed in 7.2, 9.2 and 10.2and in Sections 11 and 12 that apply.6. Materials and M
19、anufacture6.1 The material and manufacturing methods used shall besuch that the resulting products will conform to the propertiesand characteristics prescribed in this specification.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The chemical composition of these materials is notspecified. The material may be of any che
20、mical compositionsuitable for the intended purpose and that meets the require-ments of this specification as hereinafter stated.7.2 When agreed upon between the producer and the pur-chaser, antioxidant stabilizing additives may be included in thecompound formulation to assure specified results in th
21、ermaloxidative stability testing.7.3 Once established, the producer shall not change thecomposition of the compound in successive lots of materialwithout prior approval of the purchaser.8. Electrical Properties8.1 When a Type II (electrical) filling compound is speci-fied, the compound shall exhibit
22、 the electrical properties in8.1.1 and 8.1.2. The electrodes used shall be parallel plates ofsolid or foil metal of a size and shape appropriate for thespecimen holder. Other electrodes may be used as agreed uponbetween the producer and the purchaser. The voltage appliedand the time of electrificati
23、on shall be appropriate for theinstrumentation used and as agreed upon between the producerand the purchaser.8.1.1 When tested, in accordance with Test Methods D 150or D 4872, at a temperature of 23 6 3C, the dissipation factorshall not exceed 0.0010 at a frequency of 1 MHz and thepermittivity shall
24、 not exceed 2.30.8.1.1.1 Warning: If any bubbles are formed in melting thecompound to prepare the specimen for test, the sample shall bediscarded and a new sample selected.8.1.2 When tested, in accordance with Test Methods D 257,at a temperature of 23 6 3C, the volume resistivity shall benot less th
25、an 1013Vcm.9. Physical Properties9.1 Filling compound furnished under this specificationshall inhibit the corrosion of any metallic wire and cableelements with which it comes in contact, while serving as aradial and longitudinal barrier to moisture transmission. Con-tact of the filling compound with
26、 any cable component shallnot cause degradation of performance of the cable component.The filling compound shall display adhesive properties toprovide adhesion between metallic sheath elements and theouter jacket materials of wire and cable.9.2 Other Physical Properties:9.2.1 Other property requirem
27、ents such as Flash Point (forexample, Test Method D 92), high-temperature drip/oil sepa-ration (syneresis) in the raw material state, and the like, shall beas agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.(Additional information on oil separation is given in theappendix of this specification.)1
28、0. General Requirements10.1 All filling compounds manufactured in accordancewith this specification shall meet the following requirements:10.1.1 HomogeneityThe compound shall be homoge-neous and free of agglomerates.10.1.2 Color and OpacityThe compound shall be asnearly colorless as is commercially
29、feasible, consistent with therequirements of the end products for which the filling com-pound is intended. In general, identification of cable memberscoated with filling compound shall not be significantly inhib-ited because of filling-compound color or opacity.10.1.3 Color StabilityAfter aging a sp
30、ecimen of fillingcompound in a suitable container for a period of 120 6 1h(5days) at a temperature of 266F (130C) in a static air oven,measure the compound color in accordance with Test MethodD 1500. Unless otherwise specified, the color of the agedcompound shall not exceed 2.5.10.1.4 Foreign Materi
31、alThe compounds shall be free ofdirt, metallic particles, and other foreign matter.10.2 Other PropertiesOther property requirements suchas Volatility (for example, Test Method D 6), thermal oxidativestability (for example, testing similar to Test Method D 3895),corrosion prevention and the like, sha
32、ll be as agreed uponbetween the producer and the purchaser.NOTE 1If Test Method D 6 is referenced, a test cycle of 22 h at 107C(225F) is recommended in lieu of the 163C (325F) temperaturerequired by Test Method D 6.11. Temperature Characteristics11.1 Raw material temperature characteristics, if need
33、ed,may be specified by use of pour point (for example, TestMethod D 97), drop-melting point (for example, Test MethodD4731022D 127), viscosity (for example, Test Method D 445 and Prac-tice D 2161), congealing point (for example, Test MethodD 938), drop point (for example, Test Method D 3954), or aso
34、therwise agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.NOTE 2Although cited in 11.1, Test Method D 127 is “not” apreferred method for determining melting point of wire and cable fillingcompounds since results tend to be too high to be useful in predictingmaterial behavior in the cable-filling p
35、rocess. However, this may be agood test for quality control purposes. (Refer to the appendix of thisspecification for additional information.)11.2 The purchaser (individual cable manufacturer or other)shall specify any other expected temperature conformancerequirements (high and low) needed to ensur
36、e compliance withsuch end product requirements as cable drip-out temperature,cold bend, low temperature flexibility, and the like (forexample, Test Methods D 4565).12. Compatibility with other Materials12.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to ensure thatthe filling compound ordered is suita
37、ble for the intendedapplication and is compatible with any other components thatit may come into contact with.12.2 The purchaser shall specify the materials that thecompound must be compatible with when tested in accordancewith Test Methods D 4568.13. Quality Assurance13.1 Responsibility for Inspect
38、ion and TestsUnless other-wise specified in the contract or the purchase order, theproducer is responsible for the performance of all inspectionand test requirements specified herein. The producer may usehis own or any other suitable facilities for the performance ofthese inspection and test require
39、ments, unless otherwise statedby the purchaser in the order or at the time of the contractsigning. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any ofthe inspections and tests set forth in this specification wheresuch inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that thematerial conforms to the presc
40、ribed requirements.13.2 Each producer shall establish written nominal valuesand tolerances for the material properties routinely checked.For properties not routinely checked, typical values shall bespecified. Once these values have been accepted by thepurchaser, the producer shall not ship material
41、that deviatesfrom these limits without prior notification to and the approvalof the purchaser.13.3 An inspection lot shall consist of an identifiable quan-tity of the same material subjected to inspection at one time.14. Certification14.1 The producer or supplier shall, on request, furnish tothe pur
42、chaser a certificate stating that each lot has beensampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this speci-fication, and meets the specified requirements.15. Packaging and Package Marking15.1 PackagingQuantities of the filling compound maybe packaged in standard 55 gal (210 L) drums or in tank
43、carscapable of protecting the material from contamination duringshipment. Smaller containers may also be used as agreed uponbetween the producer and the purchaser.15.2 Package MarkingShipping containers shall bemarked with the name of the manufacturer, trade name, type ofmaterial, lot number, mass o
44、r volume, and the date of manu-facture.16. Keywords16.1 compatibility; filling compounds; hot application; tele-communications wire and cableAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DISCUSSION OF FILLING COMPOUND PROPERTIESX1.1 Most, but not all, wire and cable filling materials aresemi-solid in their
45、natural state but are introduced into a wireor cable structure in a molten state at a relatively hightemperature. The performance properties of such wire andcable filling materials (as raw materials and in finishedproducts) is not completely understood in spite of the fact thatsuch materials have be
46、en in regular use for many years, andnumerous technical papers have been written on the subject.Since there is no one test or series of tests that can be appliedto these raw materials that will guarantee desired performancein a finished electrical or optical wire and cable product, manyof the detail
47、ed requirements of this specification must be left tothe discretion and agreement of the producer and the purchaser.In reaching an agreement upon these detailed requirements, thefollowing factors are among those that need to be consideredby the parties involved:X1.1.1 In evaluating properties such a
48、s melting point, flowperformance, and the like, the heat history of the fillingmaterial prior to the test must be considered. Slow coolingfrom a molten state can, for example, depress the melting pointof the material. In making tests, special care must be exercisedto ensure that the material to be t
49、ested is free of any “hidden”heat history.X1.1.2 Although opinion on this point is not unanimous, themelting point of shock-cooled material is, in most instances,the melting point that is of most relevance to electrical cablemanufacturers. The cable manufacturing process used withcable filling materials will, in most cases, ensure shock coolingto assure that the melting point is not depressed. A high meltingpoint is needed to ensure a high drip-out temperature in thefinished product (see 11.2).D4731023X1.1.3 Shock cooling is not necessarily easy to achieve.Visu
