1、Designation: D4803 10 (Reapproved 2018)1An American National StandardStandard Test Method forPredicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReapproved with editorial changes in April 2018.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers prediction
3、of the heat buildup inrigid and flexible PVC building products above ambient airtemperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorptionof the suns energy.NOTE 1This test method is expected to be applicable to all types ofcolored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden thesco
4、pe beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.NOTE 2There are no ISO standards covering the primary subjectmatter of this test method.1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembledwindows and doors are covered in Specification D4726.1.3 Rigid PVC exterior profiles for f
5、encing are covered inSpecification F964.1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles are covered in SpecificationD3679.1.5 Rigid PVC soffit profiles are covered in SpecificationD4477.1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building productscompounds are covered in Specification D4216.1.7 The text of this test method
6、references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of this test method.1.8 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values given in parenthe
7、ses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate s
8、afety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization est
9、ablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbb
10、reviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)SidingD4216 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)and Related PVC and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Ch
11、loride)(CPVC) Building Products CompoundsD4477 Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(VinylChloride) (PVC) SoffitD4726 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Exterior-Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windowsand DoorsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsF964 Specification f
12、or Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing and Railing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D883 or E631 and abbreviations with TerminologyD1600 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 he
13、at buildupthe increase in temperature above thatof ambient air due to the amount of energy absorbed by aspecimen from the sun.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic BuildingProducts.Current editi
14、on approved April 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4803 - 10. DOI:10.1520/D4803-10R18E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
15、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standa
16、rd was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.2 t
17、emperature risethe increase in temperature abovethat of ambient (laboratory) air due to absorption of energyfrom a heating lamp (source).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The PVC product (extruded product, injection moldedpart, or compression molded) is cut apart to obtain a flat testspecimen at least 3
18、by 3 by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.56 0.5 mm).4.2 The test specimen is heated under the infrared reflectiveheat lamp to determine the temperature rise above ambient(laboratory) temperature relative to a black control sample.4.3 The temperature rise data, obtained in the laboratory fora given t
19、est specimen, is then used to predict the heat buildup,which may occur outdoors due to the sun.5. Significance and Use5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due toabsorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortionproblems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance,absorp
20、tance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darkerthe color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and thegreater is the heat buildup. However, even with the sameapparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specificpigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generallyoccu
21、rs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. Theblack control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 partsof furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. Themaximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for thisblack is 90F (50C) for a 45 or horizontal surface when thesu
22、n is perpendicular to the surface and 74F (41C) for avertical surface assuming that the measurements were done ona cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the backof the specimen.3See Appendix X1.5.2 This test method allows the measurement of the tem-perature rise under a specific type he
23、at lamp, relative to that ofa black reference surface, thus predicting the heat buildup dueto the suns energy.5.3 The test method allows prediction of heat buildup ofvarious colors or pigment systems, or both.5.4 This test method gives a relative heat buildup comparedto black under certain defined s
24、evere conditions but does notpredict actual application temperatures of the product. Thesewill also depend on air temperature, incident angle of the sun,clouds, wind velocity, insulation, installation behind glass, etc.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing ApparatusThe apparatus shall be constructedessentially as
25、 shown in Fig. 1 and shall consist of thefollowing:6.1.1 Wooden Box, opened from the top and the front andlined with 1-in. (25.4-mm) thick white rigid hydrous calciumsilicate heat insulation.6.1.2 White Infrared Heat Lamp, 250-W.46.1.3 Thermocouple, 40-gage Type J (iron-constantan); orequivalent.6.1
26、.4 Digital Read-Out Temperature Meter, Type J; orequivalent.NOTE 3The type of insulation may affect absolute temperature rise.However, the calculated values of predicted maximum heat buildup,relative to a black does not appear to be affected, based on a laboratorystudy comparing white rigid hydrous
27、calcium silicate heat insulation withaluminum foil insulation having equivalent thermal resistance.NOTE 4The intensity of the heat lamp has an effect on absolutetemperature rise, however, it does not appear to influence the calculatedvalues of predicted maximum heat buildup relative to the black con
28、trol.The 250-W infrared heat lamp was selected because a higher intensitylamp results in excessive temperature rise. This leads to excessivesoftening of the specimen under study, especially in the case of the blackcontrol. A lower intensity lamp requires a longer testing time and,therefore, is consi
29、dered undesirable.6.2 The thermocouple shall be inserted through a 0.125-in.(3.18-mm) hole in the bottom of the box, so that it extends 0.25in. (6.35 mm) above the bottom surface of the box. Thethermocouple bends under the weight of the specimen, butshall retain contact with the specimen when the sp
30、ecimen is inplace. The lamp shall be installed perpendicular to the thermo-couple.3Summers and Brown, SPE Technical Papers, XXV, 1979, p. 403.4A G.E. heat lamp has been found satisfactory for this purpose.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Temperature RiseD4803 10 (2018)126.3 The distance from the botto
31、m of the box to the bottomsurface of the lamp shall be 15.5 6 1 in. (39.4 6 2.5 cm).NOTE 5Calculated heat buildup for the specimens is independent ofthe distance between the light source and the surface of the specimen.However, shorter distances lead to very high maximum equilibriumtemperatures, esp
32、ecially for dark colors, which might cause distortion ofthe specimen. Larger distances between the light source and the specimencause less test sensitivity and less reproducibility.6.4 Install the apparatus in a room characterized by still airwithout drafts due to air conditioning, etc.7. Safety Pre
33、cautions7.1 The heating lamp is hot during the test. Touching it willcause burns.8. Sampling8.1 Select samples in a statistically acceptable manner. Thesamples shall be representative of the color or pigment system,or both, under study.9. Test Specimens9.1 Test flat smooth-surfaced test specimens at
34、 least 3 by 3by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.5 6 0.5 mm), cut from theselected samples.9.2 A similar size control specimen shall be prepared fromany rigid PVC compound containing 2.5 parts Black Pearls7005or equivalent furnace type carbon black without any otherpigmentation. See Practice D4703.1
35、0. Procedure10.1 Maintain the ambient air temperature in the laboratory,measured 3 ft from the side of the testing box, at 75 6 5F.10.2 Set the specimen on the bottom of the box so that itscenter is in contact with the thermocouple. Use two-sidedadhesive tape between the specimen and the box to ensu
36、recontact with the thermocouple.10.3 Turn on the heat lamp and digital read out temperaturemeter.10.4 From the temperature meter, record the equilibriumtemperature of the specimen. Usually it takes no more than 30min for the PVC specimens having thickness equal to or lessthan 0.075 in. (1.9 mm). See
37、 Fig. 2 for relationship of the timerequired to reach equilibrium temperature and the thickness ofthe PVC specimens.10.5 Measure the maximum temperature of the controlspecimen prior to the specimens under study but within2hofthe other temperature rise measurements.11. Calculation11.1 Temperature ris
38、e above ambient temperature:Tlu 5 Tm 2 Ta (1)where:Tlu = temperature rise above ambient temperature in thelaboratory under the heat lamp,Tm = maximum temperature of the specimen, as read fromthe digital temperature meter, andTa = ambient air temperature in the laboratory.11.2 Heat buildup:T 5TluTlb3
39、 Tb (2)where:T = predicted heat buildup of the specimen under studydue to heating by the sun,Tlu = temperature rise above ambient temperature in thelaboratory for the specimen under study,Tlb = temperature rise above ambient temperature in thelaboratory for a black control sample,Tb = heat buildup f
40、or a black control sample under con-trolled conditions due to absorption of the sunsenergy (found experimentally),Tb = for vertical position, 74F or 41C, andTb = for horizontal position, 90F or 50C.NOTE 6Conversion equations for Tb are as follows:C22 C15 F22 32!5/9 2 F12 32!5/9C22 C15 5/9F 2 5/9 332
41、 2 5/9F15/9 332C 5 5/9F conversion equation!11.3 To determine maximum temperature the specimen canachieve outdoors under the most severe conditions (clear skies,no wind, sun is perpendicular to the specimen), the predictedheat buildup temperature must be added to the ambienttemperature.12. Report12.
42、1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 Complete identification of the specimen tested, color,manufacturers code,12.1.2 Temperature rise above ambient air temperature inthe laboratory for the black control specimen,12.1.3 Temperature rise above ambient air temperature inthe laboratory for th
43、e specimen under study, and12.1.4 Heat buildup, degrees Fahrenheit (degrees Celsius),of the test specimen under study.5Available from Cabot Corp., P.O. Box 188, Tuscola, IL 61953.FIG. 2 Time for Maximum Equilibrium Temperature Rise as aFunction of the Sample Thickness for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)D4803 1
44、0 (2018)1313. Precision and Bias13.1 For precision and bias data, see Table 1.14. Keywords14.1 heat buildup; PVC building products; sun energyabsorption; weatheringTABLE 1 Precision and BiasA,BMaterial Color MeanHeatBuildup,CValues as a Percentage of the MeanSr SRIr IRM1 Gray 31.25 3.3 5.1 9.3 14.4M
45、 2 Beige 27.76 4.7 6.8 13.3 19.2M 3 Beige 29.63 3.1 8.8 8.8 24.9M 4 Gray 24.08 2.3 5.8 6.5 16.4M 5 Brown 34.56 6.0 7.5 17.0 21.2M 6 White 20.18 5.8 10.9 16.4 30.8M 7 Brown 33.38 6.0 3.6 17.0 10.2M 8 Beige 26.75 7.5 4.5 21.2 12.7M 9 Green 28.12 4.4 7.5 12.5 21.2M 10 Brown 39.34 2.7 2.8 7.6 7.9M 11 Be
46、ige 27.32 4.3 6.6 12.2 18.7M 12 Brown 34.49 6.4 4.0 18.1 11.3M 13 Green 34.28 2.8 4.4 7.9 12.4Precision (Average) 4.8 6.1 13.6 17.3ATable 1 is based on a round-robin study conducted in 1985, involving 13 materialstested by 6 laboratories. Each test result was based on 44 individual determina-tions.
47、Each laboratory obtained 8 test results for each material. Supporting datahave been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR:D20-1142.BIn Table 1, for the materials indicated:Sr = pooled within-laboratories standard deviation of the average of 40 t
48、estspecimens,SR= pooled between-laboratories standard deviation of the average of 40 testspecimens,Ir = 2.83 Srrepeatability, andIR= 2.83 SRreproducibility.D4803 10 (2018)14APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CORRELATION OF HEAT LAMP TO SOLAR ENERGY HEATING OF VINYLASTM International takes no posi
49、tion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revis
