1、Designation: D4976 12 D4976 12aStandard Specification forPolyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4976; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification is not intended for
3、 the selection of materials, but only as a means to call outplastic materials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection of these materials is to be madeby personnel with expertise in the plastics field where the environment, inherent properties of thematerials, performance of the parts,
4、 part design, manufacturing process, and economics areconsidered. This specification does not specify the source of the resin to be used for the fabricationof any given article.1. Scope*1.1 This specification provides for the identification of polyethylene plastics molding and extrusion materials in
5、 such a mannerthat the supplier and the user can agree on the acceptability of different commercial lots or shipments. The tests involved in thisspecification are intended to provide information for identifying materials in accordance with the groups, classes, and gradescovered. It is not the functi
6、on of this specification to provide specific engineering data for design purposes.1.2 Other requirements may be necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. Theseapplications shall be agreed upon between the user and the supplier, by using the suffixes give
7、n in Section 1.3.1.3 Ethylene plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable (see Note 1). This specification allows forthe use of those ethylene plastic materials, provided that any specific requirements as governed by the producer and the end userare met.NOTE 1See Guide D
8、5033D7209 for information and definitions related to recycled plastics.1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portion only, Section 12, of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the sa
9、fety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 For information regarding plastic pipe materials see Specification D335
10、0. For information regarding wire and cablematerials, see Specification D1248. For information on polyethylenes with densities below 0.910 g/cm3, see Classification D5593.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
11、ards:2D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating MaterialsD568 Method of Test for Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Flexible Plastics in a Vertical Position (Withdrawn1991)3D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing1 This specification is under the jurisdict
12、ion of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.Current edition approved April 1, 2012Aug. 1, 2012. Published May 2012September 2012. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 asD4976 - 06. DOI: 10.152
13、0/D4976-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical
14、standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
15、recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
16、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and
17、Electrical Insulating MaterialsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion PlastometerD1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion
18、 Materials for Wire and CableD1499 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of PlasticsD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid Displacement ProceduresD16
19、00 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD1693 Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene PlasticsD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3D2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2839 Practice for Use of a Mel
20、t Index Strand for Determining Density of PolyethyleneD2951 Test Method for Resistance of Types III and IV Polyethylene Plastics to Thermal Stress-Cracking (Withdrawn 2006)3D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings MaterialsD3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burnin
21、g Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsD4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsD4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specime
22、ns, Plaques, or SheetsD4804 Test Method for Determining the Flammability Characteristics of Nonrigid Solid PlasticsD4883 Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound TechniqueD4986 Test Method for Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric MaterialsD6360 Practice for Enclo
23、sed Carbon-Arc Exposures of PlasticsD5033D7209 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to Recycling Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Useof Recycled PlasticsPolymeric Materials and Products (Withdrawn 2007)D5593 Classification for Thermoplastic ElastomersOlefinic (TEO) (Withdrawn 2005
24、)3E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterF1473 Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow
25、Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and ResinsG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of NonmetallicMaterials (Withdrawn 2000)3G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposur
26、e ofNonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)32.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by AttributesNOTE 3According to the DOD, “MIL-STD-105E, dated 10 May 1989, is hereby canceled without replacement” (1995).2.3 DOT Standard:Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
27、302, Flammability of Interior Materials43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of technical terms pertaining to plastics used in this specification, see Terminology D883 andTerminology D1600.3.2 Historical usage and user group conventions have resulted in inconsistent terminology used to categ
28、orize and describepolyethylene resins and compounds. The following terminology is in use in ASTM specifications pertaining to polyethylene:3.2.1 Specification D1248:3.2.1.1 Type (I, II, III, IV) = density ranges (same, respectively, as Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Specification D4976).3.2.1.2 Class (A,
29、 B, C, D) = composition and use.3.2.1.3 Category (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same as Grade in Specification D4976).3.2.1.4 Grade (E, J, D, or W followed by one or two digits) = specific requirements from tables.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Ro
30、bbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4 Available from United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Public Affairs and Consumer Participation, 4007th St., SW, Washington, DC 20590.D4976 12a23.2.2 Specification D3350:3.2.2.1 Type
31、 (I, II, III) = density ranges (same as Types I, II, and III in Specification D1248 and Classes 1, 2, and 3 inSpecification D4976).3.2.2.2 Class = a line callout system consisting of “PE” followed by six cell numbers from Table 1 plus a letter (A, B, C, D,E) denoting color and UV stabilizer.3.2.2.3
32、Grade = simplified line callout system using “PE” followed by density and slow crack growth cell numbers from Table1.3.2.3 Specification D4976:3.2.3.1 Group (1, 2) = branched or linear polyethylene.3.2.3.2 Class (1, 2, 3, 4) = density ranges (same, respectively, as Types I, II, III, and IV in Specif
33、ication D1248).3.2.3.3 Grade (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same as Category in Specification D1248).4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polyethylene plastic materials are classified into groups in accordance with molecular structure. These groupsare subdivided into classes and grades as shown i
34、n Table PE (Basic Property Table).TABLE PE Basic Requirement of Polyethylene PlasticsGroup Description Class Description Grade Flow Rate, D1238,g/10 min Tensile Stress at Yield,D638, min, MPa Nominal Strain atBreak, D638, min, %Flexural Modulus at2 % Strain, D790, min,MPa1 Branched 1 low density 1 2
35、5 8 70 100. . . 2 10 to 25 8 90 1250.9100.925 3 1 to 10 8.5 100 125. . . 4 0.4 to 1 9.5 300 125. . . 5 to 0.4 9.5 400 150. . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .2 medium density 1 25 8 40 200. . . 2 10 to 25 11 50 2000.9250.940 3 1 to 10 11 70 200. . . 4 0.4 to 1 11 200 250. . . 5 to 0.4 12 400 300. . . 0 .
36、. . . . . . . . . . .0 . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Linear 1 low density 1 25 10 300 300. . . 2 10 to 25 10 300 3250.9100.925 3 1 to 10 10 300 350. . . 4 0.4 to 1 10 400 350. . . 5 to 0.4 12 500 400. . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .2 medium density 1 25 14 90 500. . . 2 10 to 25 14 100 5000.9250.94
37、0 3 1 to 10 14 100 550. . . 4 0.4 to 1 15 200 600. . . 5 to 0.4 19 400 600. . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .3 high density 1 25 17 10 400. . . 2 10 to 25 17 50 4000.a9400.960 3 1 to 10 18 200 450. . . 4 0.4 to 1 19 400 500. . . 5 to 0.4 20 600 600. . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .4 high density 1 25 24 10
38、 500. . . 2 10 to 25 24 10 6000.960 3 1 to 10 25 30 800. . . 4 0.4 to 1 28 300 900. . . 5 to 0.4 28 400 1000. . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .0 0 . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .Cell Table A Detail Requirementsfor Polyethylene PlasticsDesignationOrder Number PropertyCell Limits0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 Tensi
39、le Stress at Yield, Test Method D638, MPa, min unspecified 4 8 12 16 21 30 35 . . . specify value2 Nominal Strain at Break, Test Method D638, %, min unspecified 25 50 200 400 600 800 1000 . . . specify value3 Secant Flexural Modulus at 2 % Strain, D790, MPa, min unspecified 50 100 200 400 600 800 10
40、00 . . . specify value4 Thermal stress-crack resistance, D2951, hours withoutcracking, minunspecified 24 48 96 168 . . . . . . . . . . . . specify value5 Environmental stress-crack resistance, D1693, min F50, h unspecified 24 48 96 168 336 672 1008 . . . specify valueD4976 12a3Cell Table B Detail Re
41、quirementsfor Polyethylene PlasticsDesignationOrder Number PropertyCell Limits0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 Tensile Stress at Yield, D638, MPa, min unspecified 4 8 12 16 21 30 35 . . . specify value2 Nominal Strain at Break, D638, %, min unspecified 25 50 200 400 600 800 1000 . . . specify value3 Secant Flex
42、ural Modulus at 2 % Strain, D790, MPa, min unspecified 50 100 200 400 600 800 1000 . . . specify value4 Thermal stress-crack resistance, D2951, hours withoutcracking, minunspecified 24 48 96 168 . . . . . . . . . . . . specify value5 Slow Crack Growth Resistance, PENT-Test Method F1473, h,minunspeci
43、fied 0.3 1 3 10 30 100 300 . . . specify valueNOTE 4An example of this classification system is as follows: The designation PE 112 would indicate PE, polyethylene as found in TerminologyD1600, 1 (group) branched, 1 (class) low density, 2 (grade) 25 melt index.4.2 Cell Tables A or B shall be used to
44、specify the physical property requirements that shall be shown by a five-digit designation.The designation shall consist of the letter A and the five digits comprising the cell numbers for the property requirements in theorder they appear in Cell Table A.4.2.1 Although the values listed are necessar
45、y to include the range of properties available in the existing materials, users shouldnot infer that every possible combination of the properties exist or can be obtained.NOTE 5It is recognized that some high-density polyethylene plastics of very high molecular weight may have densities slightly les
46、s than 0.960, yetin all other respects they are characteristic of Class 4 materials. Similarly, there are other polyethylene plastics of very high molecular weight havingdensities slightly less than 0.941 that, in all other respects, are more characteristic of Class 2 than of Class 3 materials.NOTE
47、6Use the following terms in describing polyethylene plastics:Class 1 (0.910 to 0.925) = low density,Class 2 (0.925 to 0.940) = medium density,Class 3 (0.940 to 0.960) = high density,Class 4 (0.960) = high density, andWhile Class 3 has been divided into Although Classes 3 and 4 cover two ranges of de
48、nsity, (Classes 3 and 4), both are still described by the term “highdensity.”5. Suffixes5.1 When using the call-out for the materials covered by this specification, the following suffixes maycan be used for specificrequirements of the material for the application intended. In general, the suffix let
49、ter indicates the requirement needed; the firstnumber (digit) indicates the test condition, and the second number (digit) indicates the specimen requirement. The suffixes are asfollows:5.1.1 E = Electrical requirements as designated by the following digits:First Digit0 = To be specified by user.1 = Specimens preconditioned 40 h at 23C and 50 % relative humidity,then 14 days in distilled water at 23 1C.Second Digit0 = To be specified by user.1 = Volume resistivity, permittivity, and dissipation factor meet propertylimits as shown as follows. These are electrical li
